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Q. How do I find analyst reports (investment bank research)?

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Answered By: Lippincott Library Last Updated: Apr 21, 2024     Views: 172893

Use LSEG Workspace (formerly Refinitiv).

  • To find analyst reports (also known as sell-side, broker, or equity research reports) for a specific company, search for that firm's ticker symbol or name in the top search box. Then, on the News & Research  menu, click on Company Research . Use filters near the top of the page to refine your search. 
  • To screen for analyst reports based on a set of criteria, type  ADVRES in the search bar and select the Research Advanced Search app, or click on  Research in the main menu. then, click on Advanced Research . You can filter for reports by industry, geography, contributor, keywords, and more.

Note: LSEG Workspace has a  150-page daily limit for viewing and downloading research content. This limit is in lieu of retail prices listed on reports and resets at 12:00 AM Eastern Time daily.

Bloomberg (see access details ) contains some analyst reports.

  • Type your company's ticker symbol, then hit the yellow EQUITY key, then type DSCO and hit the green GO key.
  • To find reports by industry or keyword, type RES and hit the green GO key.

Morningstar equity research reports and analyst cash flow models can be found in PitchBook .

Hoovers contains some analyst reports as well.

  • Type in a company name and select the company you want.
  • Scroll down the screen; if available, analyst reports appear under Advanced on the left side.
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ESG | The Report

how to read equity research reports

The Comprehensive Guide to Equity Research

When it comes to making money in the stock market, there is no one silver bullet. If you want to be successful, you need to use a variety of strategies and tools at your disposal. One of the most important tools that any investor can use is equity research. Equity research can give you an edge over the competition by helping you make informed investment decisions. In this guide, we will discuss what equity research is, how it works, and why it is so important for investors. We will also provide tips on how to find high-quality equity research reports. So whether you are a seasoned investor or just starting out, this guide has something for you!

On the other hand, if you are looking to boost your ROI on a private equity exit, then you might want to read How ESG Will Sweeten Your Private Equity Exit!

What is equity research and what does it entail?

What is the role of equity research analysts, how does an equity research report help investors make informed decisions, tips for finding high-quality equity research reports, the benefits of using equity research in your investment strategy.

Equity Research process

Equity research is the process of analyzing a company’s financial statement in order to make better-informed investment decisions. It involves looking at a variety of factors, including the company’s financial health, its competitive position, and the overall market conditions.

Equity research can be used to make both buy and sell decisions. When equity research is performed for a buy decision, the goal is to find companies that are undervalued by the market and have the potential to generate above-average returns.

For sell decisions, the goal is to identify companies that are overvalued and likely to underperform in the future. Equity research is an important tool for investment professionals, but it can also be useful for individual investors who are looking to make informed decisions about where to invest their money.

Equity Research Analysts

Equity research analysts play an important role in the financial world. They provide analysis and recommendations to clients, including institutional investors such as banks and hedge funds, about which stocks to buy and sell.

Equity analysts begin their research by reviewing a company’s financial statements and other publicly available information. This includes reading company financial filings, attending earnings calls, and speaking with industry experts. They then use this information to build models that predict the company’s future revenue, earnings, and cash flow.

In addition, equity analysts also conduct interviews with the company’s management team, customers, and suppliers in order to get a better understanding of the business.

Based on this research, analysts produce reports that offer their thoughts on a company’s prospects and provide guidance on whether to buy, hold, or sell its stock. While equity research analysts work for banks, asset managers, and other financial institutions, they are also available to the general public through equity research reports that are published online.

While equity research can be time-consuming and complex, it is an essential part of the investment process. By conducting thorough research on companies, an equity research analyst helps investors make more informed decisions about where to allocate their capital.

An equity research report

Equity research reports provide a detailed analysis of a company’s financials, business model, and competitive landscape. They also offer insights into the market trends that may impact the company’s performance. As a result, equity research reports can help investors identify companies that are well-positioned to succeed in the current market environment. While no research report can guarantee success, it can provide investors with the information they need to make better-informed investment decisions.

High-quality equity research reports

When you’re looking for equity research reports, it’s important to find ones that are accurate and unbiased. After all, these reports can play a major role in your investment decisions. Here are a few tips to help you find quality equity research reports:

1. Look for well-established firms

Equity research is a competitive business, and the best equity research firms tend to be well-established and have a reputation to uphold. These firms are usually more careful about the quality of their research and have more resources to devote to producing high-quality reports.

In addition, these firms tend to be more independent and objective in their research since they are not as reliant on investment banking business as the companies they cover. As a result, if you are looking for high-quality equity research, it is generally best to focus on well-established firms. If you prefer the white glove approach, you can always find of one the many independent equity research boutiques.

2. Pay attention to equity analyst credentials

One way to evaluate the quality of an equity research report is to look at the credentials of the equity analyst. Check for experience in the industry and a good track record of accurately predicting stock performance. These are signs that the equity research analyst knows what they’re talking about and can be trusted to give reliable insights.

When you’re making investment decisions, you want to base them on the best information possible, so it’s worth taking the time to find reports from analysts with strong credentials.

3. Read multiple reports on the same company

Looking at multiple reports on the same company is a great way to get a complete picture of what is going on. This is because each report will highlight different aspects of the company. One report may focus on the financials, while another may focus on the products and services. By reading multiple reports, you can get a more well-rounded view of the company.

Additionally, you can compare and contrast the different reports to see where they agree and where they differ. This can help you to form your own opinion about the company and make more informed investment decisions.

4. Be wary of investment recommendations

One important tip to keep in mind when looking for high-quality equity research reports is to be wary of investment recommendations. Equity research analysts are not licensed financial advisors, and their primary goal is to provide information, not to give investment advice.

As such, their stock recommendations should be viewed as one possible piece of information to consider but not as a definitive buy or sell signal.

When an equity research analyst does make stock recommendations, it is important to carefully consider the reasoning behind the recommendation and to weigh it against other factors before making any investment decisions.

5. Pay attention to the date of the report

Obviously, you’ll want to make sure that the information is up-to-date. Reports that are more than six months old may not accurately reflect the current state of the company. The company may have had a major event, such as a new product release, or a change in management, that has affected its financial performance.

Additionally, equity research analyst ratings and price targets can change over time, so it’s important to make sure you’re using the most recent data.

6. Read the report thoroughly before making any decisions

Equity research reports can be incredibly helpful when you’re trying to make investment decisions. However, it’s important to read the entire report before making any decisions. Don’t just focus on the parts that confirm your existing beliefs. Instead, read the report thoroughly and consider all of the information before making any decisions.

Equity research reports can provide invaluable insights into potential investments, but you need to be sure that you’re reading the entire equity research report before making any decisions.

7. Be willing to challenge your assumptions

As an investor, it’s important to always be willing to challenge your assumptions. Even the best equity research reports may contain information that contradicts your own analysis. However, if you’re not open to re-evaluating your position, you could miss out on a great opportunity.

By following these tips, you can help ensure that you are getting high-quality equity research reports that will provide valuable insights into your investments.

Benefits of Equity research

Equity research is a type of analysis that assesses the value of a company’s stock. Equity researchers typically work for investment banks, mutual funds, or hedge funds. However, there is a growing trend of individual investors using equity research to inform their investment decisions. There are many benefits of using equity research, including:

1. Helps to identify potential investments

An equity research report can help investors identify companies that are undervalued by the market and may be ripe for investment. By analyzing the financial statements of a company, an equity research analyst can provide investors with an assessment of its true worth and potential for growth.

This information can be invaluable in making investment decisions, as it can help to identify opportunities that may have been overlooked by the market. In addition, equity research can provide insights into a company’s competitive strengths and weaknesses, which can play a vital role when deciding to invest.

2. Gives an overview of a company

One of the benefits of using equity research in your investment strategy is that it will provide you with an overview of a company’s business model, financials, competitors, and growth prospects. This information can be very helpful in making investment decisions about whether or not to invest in a company.

3. Analyzes risk

Another benefit of using an equity research report in your investment strategy is that analysts will often assess the risks associated with investing in a particular company. This can help investors be more clear about where to allocate their capital.

Equity research can help you to identify potential risks and learn more about a company before making an investment. This information can be invaluable in helping you to protect your investments and reach your financial goals.

4. Saves time

When you use equity research in your investment strategy, it can save you a lot of time. Equity research includes information gathering, analysis, and recommendations, which can all be time-consuming tasks if you try to do them yourself. By using equity research, you can outsource these tasks to professionals who have the expertise and experience to do them quickly and effectively.

This can free up your time so that you can focus on other aspects of your investment strategy or simply enjoy your life outside of investing. In today’s fast-paced world, saving time is a valuable commodity, and equity research can help you do just that.

5. Can be used in conjunction with other tools

Equity research can be used in conjunction with other tools. This includes technical analysis and fundamental analysis. Technical analysis is a method of evaluating securities by analyzing market data, such as price and volume.

Fundamental analysis is a method of evaluating a security by analyzing its financial statements. By using both methods, investors can get a complete picture of any security and decide what’s best for them.

6. Helps you stay disciplined

When it comes to investing, discipline is key. Without it, you can easily get caught up in the emotions of the market and make decisions that are not based on sound logic. This is where equity research comes in.

By providing you with all of the information you need about a company, equity research can help you stay disciplined and focused on your investment strategy. In addition, by using equity research alongside other tools, such as technical analysis, you can further increase your chances of making successful investments.

7. Gives you an edge over other investors

Utilizing equity research can give you an advantage over other investors who do not. Equity research provides an extensive analysis of a company, its financials, products, and all its prospects. This information is not always readily available or easy to find, so by using it, you can give yourself an edge in your investment strategy.

What is investment banking?

FAQs about Equity Research

Investment banking is a financial institution that helps companies raise money by issuing and selling securities. Investment banks also help companies by providing advice on mergers, acquisitions, and other strategic decisions.

In addition to working with companies, investment banks also work with governments and other organizations. Investment banking is a complex and risky business, but it can be very profitable for both firms and their employees.

Investment bankers typically have a bachelor’s degree in business or economics. Many investment bankers also have an MBA or a master’s degree in finance. But eventually, it all comes down to the experience and ability to handle financial and nonfinancial reports and make financial models.

What is the role of investment bankers?

Role of investment bankers

Investment bankers are financial professionals who work with clients to raise capital by issuing and selling securities. They typically work for banks, but there is a growing number of independent firms. Investment bankers typically have a four-year degree in business or economics, although some jobs may require a master’s degree. In addition to their educational background, investment bankers must be very good at multitasking, managing large sums of money, and working under pressure.

The role of an investment banker is to act as a middleman between the company that wants to issue securities and the investors who want to buy them. Investment bankers typically work with large corporate clients, but they may also work with smaller companies, governments, and even individuals.

They first assess the needs of their client and then develop a plan to raise the needed capital. This plan will include finding potential investors, negotiating terms, and then issuing and selling the securities. Once the securities have been sold, the investment banker will monitor the market conditions to ensure that the securities maintain their value.

Investment bankers play an important role in our economy by helping companies raise the capital they need to grow and expand. They provide an essential service by connecting companies with potential investors and helping to ensure that investments are made wisely.

What are the types of the investment banking industry?

Types of the investment banking industry

Investment banking can generally be classified into one of three categories:

1. Bulge bracket banks

Bulge bracket banks are the largest and most prestigious investment banks in the world. They typically have a global reach, and their clients include major corporations, governments, and financial institutions.

Bulge bracket banks is a term that was coined in the 1970s, and it refers to the top tier of investment banks. The name comes from the fact that these banks are much larger than their competitors, and they often have a dominant market share.

Some of the largest bulge bracket banks include Goldman Sachs, JPMorgan Chase, and Morgan Stanley. These banks are often involved in the most complex and high-profile transactions, and they have a team of experienced professionals who can provide a wide range of services.

Bulge bracket banks typically have a strong presence in key financial markets around the world, and they are often able to offer their clients preferential treatment.

2. Middle-market banks

Middle-market banks are a type of investment banking that focuses on providing capital to entities with annual revenue of $50 million to $1 billion. These banks usually have fewer than 500 employees and are headquartered in the United States. They typically provide loans, lines of credit, and other financial services to small and medium-sized businesses.

Middle-market banks are typically divided into two categories: regional banks and national banks. Regional banks are typically smaller and focused on a specific geographic region, while national banks are larger and have a nationwide presence. Some middle-market banks may also have international operations.

3. Boutique banks

The third type of investment banking industry is boutique banks. They are smaller, more nimble institutions that often focus on providing specialized services to a particular type of customer, while some focus on high-net-worth individuals. For example, some boutique banks may focus on small businesses, while others may cater to a specific niche, such as healthcare or technology.

Because they are less beholden to shareholders and other stakeholders, boutique banks can often offer more personalized service than their larger counterparts. As a result, these institutions are quickly becoming a popular choice for those who want a more intimate banking experience.

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Is equity research the same as investment banking?

Is equity research the same as investment banking?

No, equity research is not the same as investment banking. Equity research is focused on providing analysis and recommendations to institutional investors, while investment banking is focused on providing corporate finance and capital market services to issuers of securities.

While there is some overlap between the two fields, they are distinct disciplines with different clientele, objectives, and activities. Equity research analysts conduct independent research and collaborate with portfolio managers to make investment decisions, while investment bankers work with issuers of securities to underwrite new debt and equity issues and provide other financial advisory services.

Thus, while both equity research and investment banking are important parts of the financial services industry, they are distinct occupations that serve different purposes.

Final thoughts

Equity research is a process of evaluating a company and its securities with the aim of determining its investment potential. By providing an in-depth analysis of a company, equity research can help you make sound decisions about what investments are best for you. It can also give you an edge over other investors who do not have access to this information. Investment bankers play an important role in our economy by helping companies raise the money they need to grow and expand. They provide an essential service by connecting companies with potential investors and helping to ensure that investments are made wisely.

FAQs about Equity Research

Who can become an equity research analyst?

In order to become an equity research analyst, one must have a bachelor’s degree in a relevant field such as business, finance, or economics. In addition, it is helpful to have experience working in the financial sector. Finally, an equity research analyst must be able to effectively communicate their findings to both clients and colleagues.

What is financial modeling?

Financial modeling is the process of creating a detailed model of a financial situation. It is a tool that is used by investment professionals to help make informed decisions about investments, projects, or businesses. Financial models are based on extensive industry research and are used by portfolio managers and senior analysts at investment firms to make recommendations about which stocks or other assets to buy or sell. Private companies also use financial modeling to raise capital from investors. Financial modeling can be used to predict things like future cash flow, profitability, and risk. It can also be used to compare different investment options or to assess the impact of changing economic conditions. Financial modeling is a powerful tool, but it requires careful planning and analysis to produce accurate results.

What is private equity?

Private equity is an alternative asset class that refers to the investment of capital in privately held companies. A private equity fund manager typically invests in companies that are not listed on public stock exchanges and often takes an active role in driving the growth and management of these businesses. Similarly, a private equity analyst conducts due diligence on potential investments and provides recommendations to the fund managers. If you’re interested in getting into equity research, you’ll need to have experience in finance and accounting, as well as strong analytical skills.

What is an investment thesis?

An investment thesis is an argument or set of arguments used to justify why a particular security or group of securities is worth investing in. A strong thesis will be clear and concise, research-based, and backed by data. It should also be tailored to the investor’s specific goals and risk tolerance . An investment thesis can be applied to a wide range of investments, from stocks and bonds to real estate and commodities. Ultimately, the goal of an investment thesis is to help investors make informed decisions about where to put their money.

How can I get an equity research job?

There are a few ways to break into equity research from the outside. One is to network with people you know who work on Wall Street. Another is to look for job postings online, either on job boards or on the websites of an investment bank, wealth management firm, or any investment firm. Finally, you can try cold-emailing equity researchers at firms you’re interested in working for. Keep in mind that most equity research jobs are filled by people who have already worked as investment banking analysts or research associates at an investment bank. Aspiring equity researchers also need to be aware of the earnings season schedule and be able to produce high-quality research during that time. Equity research careers can be extremely rewarding, both financially and professionally. With a little effort, you can find a job that’s a perfect fit for your skills and interests.

What is the job of an equity research associate?

Equity research associates are responsible for analyzing companies and industries in order to support the investment decisions of senior analysts and portfolio managers. This involves conducting fundamental analysis, building financial models , and writing research reports. An equity research associate must have a strong understanding of accounting and finance, as well as experience with Excel and other financial analysis software. In addition, an equity research associate must be able to effectively communicate the findings to both senior analysts and clients. If the equity research associate is successful in this role, he may go on to become an equity research analyst or senior analyst.

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Equity Research Report

These reports serve as comprehensive summaries that investors or company leaders may utilize to make informed decisions.

Dua Bakhsh

Finance and Business Analytics & Information Technology with a minors in Spanish and Earth & Planetary Sciences

Ankit Sinha

Graduation: B.Com (MIT Pune)

Post Graduation: MSc in Econ (MIT WPU)

Working as Admin, Senior Prelim Reviewer, Financial Chief Editor, & Editor Specialist at WSO.

Honors & awards: Student of The Year - Academics (PG) Vishwakarad Merit Scholarship (Attained twice in PG)

  • What Is An Equity Research Report?
  • Understanding The Equity Research Report
  • Contents Of An Equity Research Report
  • Uses Of Equity Research Report

Drawbacks Of Equity Research Report

What is an equity research report.

An equity research report is a thorough analysis of a company's stock or securities written by research teams or financial analysts. It offers insights and detailed information about the stock.

Investors, fund managers, and other financial professionals use these reports, which are usually generated by brokerage firms, investment banks, or independent research organizations, to help them make well-informed investment decisions.

The main goal of equities research reports is to provide investors and hedge fund managers with market information and investment suggestions. However, forward-thinking companies also understand how important this information is when making strategic choices for their own operations.

Equity research analysts are usually highly skilled individuals with knowledge of many industries. Their credentials as seasoned industry executives, professors, or previous CEOs typically enable them to offer authoritative viewpoints and in-depth analyses of firms, industries, and macroeconomic trends.

Sell-side firms produce equity research reports covering thousands of publicly traded businesses. Bigger firms, such as Morgan Stanley and Bank of America , have hundreds of analysts who cover different industries and offer in-depth analyses of various businesses.

Because they provide in-depth information about the company, its rivals, and its performance in relation to the market, equity research reports are beneficial for businesses.

By using this information, businesses may maintain their competitiveness and make well-informed decisions that support their strategic goals.

Key Takeaways

  • Equity research reports provide detailed analysis and insights into stocks or securities, aiding investors, fund managers, and businesses in making informed decisions.
  • Reports vary in format, covering company-specific, sector, thematic, geographic, event-driven, quantitative, technical analysis, and economic/market outlook perspectives.
  • Typical sections of the report include recent results, upgrades/downgrades, management commentary, industry overview, financial history, valuation, recommendations, and more.
  • Reports serve various purposes, including investment decisions, portfolio management, valuation, strategic decision-making, regulatory compliance, investor relations, and education.

Understanding the Equity Research report

A document made by an equity research analyst gives suggestions on how an investor should act upon a company that is being traded. This could include holding the share, selling it, or purchasing it.

An analyst outlines their recommendation, target price, investment thesis , value, and risks in an equities research report.

The format of equity research reports might vary based on the objective, target audience, and level of analysis. These are a few typical formats:

1. Company-specific Reports

These reports analyze stocks of specific firms. They usually include detailed financial analyses, valuation indicators , investment suggestions, and perceptions of company-specific elements, including management caliber, competitive positioning, and growth potential.

2. Sector Reports

Sector reports offer insights and analysis on certain economic sectors or entire industries. They look at possibilities, problems, and trends in a particular industry as well as the state of play and future prospects of major players in that field.

Sector reports may address more general market trends impacting the sector and frequently compare various companies within the industry.

3. Thematic Reports

These types of reports center on particular investment topics or trends that are anticipated to influence the market's performance. They examine how various industries and businesses are impacted by themes like developing technologies, demographic shifts, and regulatory changes.

Based on the themes found, thematic reports frequently offer investment advice.

4. Geographic Reports

These reports examine businesses or sectors operating in a particular market or geographic area. These papers offer insights into local economic situations, legal frameworks, and cultural aspects that can influence investment prospects, with an emphasis on global, regional, or national markets.

5. Event-driven Reports

These types of reports concentrate on particular occurrences or triggers, including earnings releases, mergers and acquisitions , court rulings, or new product introductions, that may affect a company's stock price.

After analyzing the event's possible effects on the company's financial performance , these reports offer investment recommendations based on the anticipated outcome.

6. Quantitative Reports

Quantitative reports employ quantitative research techniques, including statistical modeling and data analysis, to find investment possibilities or market trends. To bolster their analysis, these reports could contain quantitative measures, graphs, and charts.

Quantitative Reports are frequently appealing to investors who want to make decisions based on data.

7. Technical Analysis Reports

The primary goal of technical analysis reports is to find patterns and trends in stock prices by examining historical price and volume data. These reports forecast future market movements and trading opportunities using charting techniques and technical indicators.

Traders and investors who incorporate technical analysis into their investment plans could find technical analysis reports interesting.

8. Economic and Market Outlook Reports

These papers analyze and project macroeconomic variables, market patterns, and geopolitical developments that may affect the stock market as a whole. They might provide information on GDP growth, interest rates, inflation, and other economic variables that influence investment choices.

Contents of an Equity Research Report

An equity research report typically includes in-depth industry research, management analysis, financial history, trends, projections, valuations, and investor recommendations.

This kind of report, also known as broker research or investment research report, is intended to offer a thorough overview that investors or business executives may use to make informed judgments.

Here is a summary of what a typical report includes:

1. News & announcements of recent results

This section offers information on recent outcomes, including quarterly earnings, predictions, and general business updates, to help investors stay current on the company's performance.

2. Upgrades/Downgrades

Upgrades and downgrades are modifications to an analyst's forecast for the price of a specific stock. These revisions are often prompted by qualitative and quantitative studies that affect the security's financial valuation, either positively or negatively.

3. Revisions to the Estimate/Price Target

Estimates are detailed forecasts of how much a firm will make over the next few years. Price targets are derived from valuations of those earnings predictions.

The price target is based on fundamentals and future supply and demand forecasts for the asset.

4. A summary of Management & Commentary

Potential investors might read the Management Overview and Commentary to learn more about the caliber and makeup of a company's management team.

This section can also include a history of the company's leadership, including its track record with capital allocation, ESG , remuneration, incentives, and stock ownership, as well as a description of the firm's directors.

5. Industry Overview

This section discusses the firm's sector, rivals, and industry developments. In addition, industry research covers politics, economics , social trends, technical innovation, and more.

6. Financial Result History

Historical Financial Results often include a company's stock history and projections based on the present market and external factors.

Analysts must thoroughly comprehend the history of a certain sector and look for patterns or trends to support their recommendations. They must also judge whether a firm is performing at or above market expectations.

7. Valuation

A market analyst will perform stock valuation models using information such as previous financial data and market analysis. Analysts may use more than one valuation model to calculate the value of a company's shares or assets.

Absolute valuation models determine a business or asset's intrinsic worth. Relative equity valuation methods determine how much one firm or asset is worth in relation to another. Price/sales, Price/earnings, and Price/ cash flow are the foundations for relative values.

8. Recommendations

 A buy, hold, or sell recommendation made by a stock research analyst. The analyst will also provide investors with a target price that indicates where they anticipate the stock to be in a year.

Uses of Equity Research Report

Equity research reports have several significant uses for different financial market participants:

1. Making Investment Decisions

Investors rely on equities research reports to make well-informed choices regarding purchasing, disposing of, or retaining stocks. These reports offer insightful analysis and useful information about the risks, growth potential, valuation, and financial performance of certain businesses, sectors, or market trends.

2. Portfolio Management

To create and oversee investment portfolios, portfolio managers consult equities research reports.

These reports help them diversify their portfolios across various sectors and industries, find appealing investment possibilities, and adjust their holdings in response to shifting market conditions and investing goals.

Equity research reports help investors assess the risks associated with potential investments. Analysts analyze various factors, including financial metrics, industry dynamics, competitive positioning, and macroeconomic trends, to identify potential risks and uncertainties that may impact a company's future performance and stock price.

3. Valuation

Equity research reports provide insights into the valuation of individual stocks or entire sectors.

Analysts use various valuation methodologies, such as discounted cash flow ( DCF ), comparable company analysis (CCA), and precedent transactions analysis (PTA), to estimate a company's intrinsic value and assess its potential upside or downside.

4. Strategic Decision Making

Corporate executives and management teams consult equity research reports to learn about their own businesses, industry competitors, and market trends.

They may make strategic decisions about business operations, capital allocation, and growth plans with the aid of these reports, which also help them comprehend investor perceptions and pinpoint areas for improvement.

5. Regulatory Compliance

Regulations, including those set down by stock exchanges and securities regulators, apply to equity research reports.

Analysts must follow disclosure standards, transparency rules, and conflict-of-interest policies when writing and disseminating research findings to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements and preserve market integrity.

6. Investor Relations

These reports are a common tool used by businesses in their investor relations campaigns to reach out to analysts, shareholders, and prospective investors.

They cover the company's business strategy, financial performance, growth prospects, and strategic goals in great detail, which contributes to investor confidence and capital attraction.

7. Educational Purposes

They are used for educational purposes by professionals, investors, and students who want to learn about investment analysis, financial markets , and market trends.

They assist people in improving their knowledge and abilities in the subject of finance by offering practical examples of market research procedures, valuation approaches, and financial analysis tools.

Even though equities research reports offer investors insightful information and analysis, it's crucial to take into account their limitations and potential downsides before utilizing them to guide your investing decisions.

To ensure a comprehensive grasp of potential investments, investors should complement stock research with their own due diligence and analysis .

Some disadvantages of the report are:

  • Conflicts of Interest and Biases: Analysts may have conflicts of interest or biases, which could influence their recommendations.
  • Restricted Coverage: Reports may only cover a few companies or industries, which leaves room for analysis gaps.
  • Complexity: Some investors may find it difficult to comprehend complex financial concepts and technical language.
  • Possible Inaccuracies: Reports can contain mistakes or erroneous assumptions that result in suggestions that are not correct.
  • Problems with timeliness: Reports might not always accurately depict the state of the market or recent advancements.
  • Focus on the Short Term: Prioritising performance measures over long-term principles could have unintended consequences.
  • Regulatory Risks: The creation and distribution of research reports may be impacted by compliance standards and regulatory modifications.

Equity research reports are a mainstay in financial analysis, providing a plethora of data and analysis to inform investment and strategic decisions. With their thorough insights into organizations, industries, and market trends, these reports are a reliable resource for fund managers, investors, and enterprises alike.

Despite their indisputable importance, equity research reports must recognize their inherent limitations. Conflicts of interest, a lack of coverage, and the intrinsic complexity of financial analysis may introduce biases and errors.

Furthermore, due to the constantly changing regulatory environment and market conditions, reports might not always include the most recent data.

Equity research reports are still a valuable resource if used carefully and in concert with independent analysis. They promote a greater comprehension of financial markets, help strategic planning , and enable well-informed decision-making.

However, equity research reports—despite their flaws—remain indispensable for navigating the complexities of the investing landscape and enabling stakeholders to make wise and informed decisions.

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For in-depth analysis on how a firm ranks on historic performance against peers, recommended holding periods, and consistency across sectors, see the Research Firm Scorecard .

About Methodology

Analyst-driven methodology, quantitative model-driven methodology, other methodologies, how to choose.

Firms that take an analyst-driven approach have experts review market conditions and data as well as company information to create a recommendation. Typically, research firms have an approach or model that they use as a starting point for analysis to ensure a degree of consistency across multiple analysts.

The advantage of following a firm that has analyst-driven research is in the flexibility and insight that an individual can bring to the analysis. Critical market news or other developments that might be important to the future price of a stock generally won't be included in pure quantitative models. For example, consider a pharmaceutical company that has a critical drug review pending with the FDA. An analyst would typically review and discuss the potential impact of that upcoming drug and include that analysis in making a recommendation. Finally, another reason people use analyst-driven research is for the quality of the writing and insight that only a person can really bring to this work.

Firms that take a model-driven approach use quantitative models that process company financial data and market information (stock price and volume) to drive recommendations. Models are generally built and fine-tuned over a period of many years through a rigorous analytic process. Quantitative models are not subject to influence or interference from outside sources, so they are objective in that respect. They impose discipline and consistency on the research firm.

Because much of the analytical work is performed by computers, these firms are often able to cover a broader range of stocks, as well as update their recommendations more frequently based on company financial changes or market changes. There are many types of models in use by firms that may generate differing recommendations.

A few firms provide specialized analysis that can help you in researching stocks, including:

  • Earnings Consensus & Analysis, which collects current and historical earnings estimates and compares them to actual results.
  • Recommendations Accuracy Analysis, which offers quantitative analysis of the quality of firms' stock recommendations.
  • Research Firm Performance Analysis, which ranks research firms by historical performance.
  • Stock recommendation analysis, which evaluates the theoretical performance of research firms' buy, sell, or hold ratings.
  • Stock chart pattern recognition, which evaluates chart and indicator patterns in the context of technical analysis.

Often, this type of research is used to complement or support other, more typical types of research.

As you think about which research firms to use, keep these three things in mind:

Review the firm score cards to see how well the firm's research ratings have performed in the past.

Look for a firm whose approach is consistent with your approach to investing. If you are an investor who prefers to own value stocks, then look for a research provider that stresses a value equity style.

Be sure to read sample reports from the firms whose research you're considering to ensure they provide you the information and insight that you are looking for.

Keep in mind that you may also want to combine research methodologies. For example, you may want to follow the recommendations of a quantitative firm, read the reports from an analyst-driven firm, and complement that with insight from a supporting research firm.

About Analysis Approach

Fundamental analysis, technical analysis, environmental, social & governance (esg).

  • How To Choose

Fundamental analysis focuses on understanding the core value of a business. The first step in fundamental analysis is typically the analysis of a company's financial statements. Fundamental analysis also involves analyzing many other areas of a business such as the quality of the company's marketing or brand, its distribution network, the value added by its products, the firm's strategy, its operational capabilities, and the firm's competitors.

Technical analysis focuses on market action – specifically, volume and price. Technical analysis assumes that the market has already taken into account the fundamentals of a company, and it is only investors' buying and selling decisions that drive future stock price movements. There are many different technical analysis tools that are used, including indicators, trend lines, and chart patterns. All of these different tools, however, are based on analysis of volume and price.

This analysis focuses on understanding a firm's impact in non-financial terms. Environmental analysis focuses on understanding a firm's physical impact on the world around it. Social measures look at how a firm treats its employees and interacts with the surrounding community. Finally, governance looks at how a firm manages itself - how it pays its officers, interacts with its shareholders, etc.

When considering what stocks to buy or sell, you'll need to use the approach that you're most comfortable with. There are many people who believe fundamental analysis is the only way to go in researching stock; others believe that it's investors' decisions based on the technical analysis (i.e., buying and selling patterns), that really matter. Still others adopt a blend, using fundamental analysis to determine what stocks they want to buy and then technical analysis to help them decide when to buy the stock.

About Equity Style

A research firm that adheres to a growth style believes that growth prospects or growth history is the most important factor in valuing a company. They may look at revenue growth, profit growth, or margin growth, but they all try to identify stocks worth owning based on growth that is not being recognized in a company's stock price.

A research firm that adheres to a value style tries to buy companies whose assets are underpriced. Those assets may be physical assets, like equipment and real estate or streams of revenue and profits from customers. They may also include intangibles such as brand or reputation. Value investing is often associated with Graham and Dodd, and their book Security Analysis .

While investors may be comfortable with a growth or a value approach to investing, it's also important to look at the markets and see whether value or growth stocks are being favored. During periods when growth stocks are leading, you may see the performance of value–oriented research firms lag. Conversely, when value stocks are leading, growth–oriented research firms' performance may lag. Also, in certain industries or sectors, one of the approaches may be more typically used. Or conversely, when value stocks are leading, growth-oriented research firms' performance may lag. Also, in certain industries or sectors, one approach or the other may be more typically used.

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how to read equity research reports

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How to Write an Equity Research Report

By Brian Dzingai |

 Reviewed By Rebecca Baldridge |

November 15, 2022

What is an Equity Research Report?

An equity research report may focus on a specific stock or industry sector, currency, commodity, or fixed-income instrument, or even on a geographic region or country, and generally make buy or sell recommendations. These reports are produced by a variety of sources, ranging from market research firms to in-house research departments at large financial institutions or boutique investment banks.

Key Learning Points

  • An equity research report is a document prepared by an analyst that provides a recommendation to buy, hold, or sell shares of a public company. 
  • An equity research report is a document prepared by an analyst who is part of an investment research team in a brokerage firm or investment bank
  • It provides an overview of the business, the industry it operates in, the management team, the company’s financial performance, and risks, and includes a target price and investment recommendation.
  • It is intended to help an investor decide whether to invest in a stock.

Equity Research Report Structure

An equity research report can include varying levels of detail, and although there is no industry standard when it comes to formatting, there are common elements to all equity research reports. This guide includes some fundamental features and information that should be considered essential to any research report, as well as some tips for making your analysis and report as effective as possible. 

Access the download to see a real-world example of an Equity Research Report, annotated to show each element discussed below. 

Basic Information

The research report should begin with basic information about the firm, including the company’s ticker symbol, the primary exchange where its shares are traded, the primary sector and industry in which it operates, the current stock price and market capitalization, the target stock price, and the investment recommendation. 

In addition, a security’s liquidity and float are important considerations for the equity analyst. The liquidity of a stock refers to the degree to which it can be purchased and sold without affecting the price. The analyst should understand that periods of financial stress can affect liquidity. A stock’s float refers to the number of shares that are publicly owned and available for trading and generally excludes restricted shares and insider holdings. The float of a stock can be significantly smaller than its market capitalization and thus is an important consideration for large institutional investors, especially when it comes to investing in companies with smaller market capitalizations. Consequently, a relatively small float deserves mention. Finally, it is good practice to identify the major shareholders of a firm. 

Business Description 

This section should include a detailed description of the company and its products and services. It should convey a clear understanding of the company’s economics, including a discussion of the key drivers of revenues and expenses. Much of this information can be sourced from the company itself and from its regulatory filings as well as from industry publications. 

Industry Overview and Competitive Positioning

This section should include an overview of the industry dynamics, including a competitive analysis of the industry. Most firms’ annual reports include some discussion of the competitive environment. A group of peer companies should be developed for competitive analysis. The “Porter’s Five Forces” framework for industry analysis is an effective tool for examining the health and competitive intensity of an industry. Production capacity levels, pricing, distribution, and stability of market share are also important considerations. 

It is important to note that there are different paths to success. Strength of brand, cost leadership, and access to protected technology or resources are just some of the ways in which companies set themselves apart from the competition. Famed investor Warren Buffett describes a firm’s competitive advantage as an economic “moat.” He says, “In business, I look for economic castles protected by unbreachable moats.” 

Investment Summary

This section should include a brief description of the company, significant recent developments, an earnings forecast, a valuation summary, and the recommended investment action. If the purchase or sale of a security is being advised, there should be a clear and concise explanation as to why the security is deemed to be mispriced. That is, what is the market currently not properly discounting in the stock’s price, and what will prompt the market to re-price the security? 

This section should include a thorough valuation of the company using conventional valuation metrics and formulas. Equity valuation models can derive either absolute or relative values. Absolute valuation models derive an asset’s intrinsic value and generally take the form of discounted cash flow models. Relative equity valuation models estimate a stock’s value relative to another stock and can be based on a number of different metrics, including price/sales, price/earnings, price/cash flow, and price/book value. Because model outputs can vary, more than one valuation model should be used. 

Financial Analysis

This section should include a detailed analysis of the company’s historical financial performance and a forecast of future performance. Financial results are commonly manipulated to portray firms in the most favorable light. It is the responsibility of the analyst to understand the underlying financial reality. Accordingly, a careful reading of the footnotes of a company’s financial disclosures is an essential part of any examination of earnings quality. Non-recurring events, the use of off-balance-sheet financing, income and reserve recognition, and depreciation policies are all examples of items that can distort a firm’s financial results. 

Financial modeling of future results helps to measure the effects of changes in certain inputs on the various financial statements. Analysts should be especially careful, however, about extrapolating past trends into the future. This is especially important in the case of cyclical firms. Projecting forward from the top or bottom of a business cycle is a common mistake. 

Finally, it can be informative to use industry-specific financial ratios as part of the financial analysis. Examples include proven reserves/shares for oil companies, revenue/subscribers for cable or wireless companies, and revenue/available rooms for the hotel industry. 

Investment Risks

This section should address potential negative industry and company developments that could pose a risk to the investment thesis. Risks can be operational or financial or related to regulatory issues or legal proceedings. 

Although companies are generally obligated to discuss risks in their regulatory disclosures, risks are often subjective and hard to quantify (e.g., the threat of a competing technology). It is the job of the analyst to make these determinations. Of course, disclosures of “qualified opinions” from auditors and “material weakness in internal control over financial reporting” should be automatic red flags for analysts. 

Environmental, Social & Governance (ESG)

This section should include information on how the company manages the relationships related to Environmental, Social, and Governance. Below are some examples within these three areas that can have a lasting impact on the company’s short- and long-term prospects:

  • E nvironmental – how is the company working towards the conservation of the natural world? This can include climate change and carbon emissions, air and water pollution, energy efficiency, waste management, and more. 
  • S ocial – how does the company consider people and relationships? This can include community relations, human rights, gender and diversity, labor standards, customer satisfaction, and employee engagement. 
  • G overnance – what are the standards for running the company? This can include board composition, audit committee structure, executive compensation, succession planning, leadership experience, and bribery and corruption policies. 

Enroll in our online ESG course and learn to identify the principles of ESG and how they are applied to investment strategies.

If you are interested in a career as an equity research analysts or in fixed income research, our online course covers all the key skills needed as either a sell side analyst in an investment bank or a buy side analyst working in an investment management firm.  

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The Morningstar Rating for Funds, often called the Star Rating, is a data-driven rating that measures how well a fund has performed compared to similar funds. Funds with at least a 3-year record will receive a rating of 1 to 5 stars. All else equal, funds that have beaten most of their peers will receive 4 and 5 stars, while funds that have underperformed will receive 1 or 2 stars.

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Search Broker Reports From 1,000+ Sources In Seconds with AlphaSense

Explore the many ways broker research and reports on the AlphaSense platform can power faster, smarter insights and decision-making for your organization.

how to read equity research reports

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of the S&P 100

Traditionally considered a source of insight for sell-side firms, broker research and reports now provide critical insight for corporate and consulting professionals . In addition, corporate strategy professionals are increasingly turning to broker research to analyze market landscapes and better understand analyst assessments of market and industry trends, as well as performance of competitive peers.

However, manually finding broker reports and extracting the insights they contain requires significant time and effort—think multiple search engine queries and hours of combing through countless documents to identify important information. And even when you locate the right reports, broker research is often stuck behind frustrating paywalls.

The AlphaSense platform transforms the research experience by providing you with access to top broker research and other premium content and data sources , such as Wall Street Insights® , all within a single, centralized platform. 

With AI search technology supporting your research, you’ll also be able to quickly identify insights to uncover new opportunities, stay one step ahead of your market competitors, and deliver exceptional results for your clients.

Wall Street Insights®

AlphaSense provides global reports from 1,000+ research providers (comprised of sell-side analysts, strategists, and research teams) that cover companies, industries, asset classes, and economies. 

Our default proprietary offering Wall Street Insights® features equity research from the world’s leading brokerage firms including, but not limited to:

  • Goldman Sachs
  • Morgan Stanley
  • Credit Suisse

Wall Street Insights® showcases both real-time and after-market research, is sourced from both broker partnerships and vendors, and covers North America, EMEA, APAC, and LATAM regions.

With Wall Street Insights®, you can conduct more comprehensive competitive analysis , improve client interactions, enhance internal research and strategy, and save your organization time and money with AI and automations. 

Broker Reports You Can Access on the AlphaSense Platform

On the AlphaSense platform, users can access several critical types of equity research reports, including:

  • Upgrades/downgrades: published when a stock analyst changes their opinion of a stock, and subsequently, their investment recommendation
  • Estimate / price target revisions: published when an analyst revises their previous price target (their prediction of the future price of a security)
  • Initiation reports: published when a broker first begins covering a company
  • Credit research
  • All other company reports
  • Industry reports – Analyze a set of companies within the same industry
  • Fixed income reports – Demonstrate maturity distribution of portfolios
  • Economic/macro reports – Shares analysts’ views on growth expectations, inflation, stock market volatility, and global market trade
  • Commodities reports – Provide analysis of commodities within a particular industry, published weekly or monthly

Unlock Market Moving Insights Faster with AI & Automation

When you rely on an equity research platform that utilizes the power of AI search technology, you can be more confident in your research, knowing you are no longer at the mercy of human error. AlphaSense also allows you to automate certain research processes that previously would have required hours of manual work, streamlining your entire process so you can take action and make mission-critical decisions faster than ever. 

Here’s how our semantic search and smart automations can transform your workflow:

Smart Search

Smart Search technology doesn’t just recognize the keywords included in your query—it understands the intent behind your search, delivering content sources with the highest relevance and value to your search. It allows you to find all relevant data points with a single search, saving countless hours and increasing precision in your research.

Additionally, broker research is often inconsistently tagged because different firms may use different classification taxonomies, or include their own terms to define industries and trends. In addition to recognizing relevant language patterns, Smart Search assigns correct tagging to reports from thousands of analysts and research firms, regardless of which analyst published the report.

Smart Synonyms , our proprietary element of Smart Search, weeds out the sources that may include similar keywords but are not topically significant to your research, meaning you’ll never have to cut through excess noise to find the insights you need.

Relevance Rankings

AlphaSense automatically ranks results by their relevance to your research using a number of algorithmic factors, including search term proximity, Smart Synonyms, and document decay. You can be confident that the content sources at the top of your search results page are the ones most aligned with your current research needs.

Smart Alerts

Without a centralized search system, analysts are left to perform multiple manual searches and parse through Google Alerts for the ones with real relevance. On the AlphaSense platform, real-time alerts are customizable and can be set up for a particular company, industry, keyword, or topic (or a set/list of any of the above).

Customized alerts and watchlists give analysts real-time notifications about important news and updates while also ensuring they aren’t bogged down with alerts that are not in tune with what they really need (i.e. Google Alerts and other public search engine options).

Generative AI

AlphaSense’s generative AI is purpose-built for business professionals, leaning on 10+ years of AI tech development. Our proprietary genAI tool, Smart Summaries , generates insights across all four key perspectives—company documents, news, expert calls, and broker research. 

Sourced from across all broker research you are entitled to, published within the past 90 days, and covers sections including: 

  • Upgrades and downgrades – Covers which brokers have upgraded/downgraded this company within the past 90 days and why 
  • SWOT analysis – Covers the topics/trends identified as strengths/opportunities or threats/weaknesses from across broker reports about this company
  • Competitive landscape – Covers the competitive landscape for this company from across broker reports

The Missing Perspective

Here at AlphaSense, we talk about market research in terms of the four perspectives . For every market-moving event, what are the perspectives of companies, news outlets, industry experts, and analysts on the topic? 

Historically, the latter has been the most challenging to access because companies needed to have existing relationships with specific brokerage or investment banking firms to get those insights. But with AlphaSense, you get easy access to multiple firms’ equity research, which allows you to take your research and strategic decision-making to the next level. 

Broker research reports have always been used by investors and hedge fund managers to come up with lucrative investment ideas and make smarter investment decisions. Now it is commonplace for cutting-edge corporations to utilize analyst perspectives in order to quickly get smart on market landscapes and understand analysts’ expectations on market trends, industry, and peer performance.

Here are just a few of the ways AlphaSense users rely on broker research to navigate ever-evolving market conditions and stay in the know about important trends:

Forecasting for the Future

In the interconnected world we live in today, economic, socio-political, and natural events that occur continents away can impact the success of your business. You need to know what market experts are saying about what’s happening in the world.

One of the biggest developments from the COVID-19 pandemic was the rise of virtual healthcare, or telemedicine. Using AlphaSense, our users were able to monitor rising mentions of the topic across all four perspectives, but it was specifically broker research that proved to be the most abundant source of information in the platform discussing the future of telemedicine, with analysts unanimously agreeing that healthcare systems will have no choice but to adopt telemedicine into their practices going forward.

Using broker research and our platform, we can forecast the trends and outlooks in the healthcare tech space for the future , based on current trends and analysis in areas like AI, medical robotics, and digital therapeutics

Following the Evolution of a Market Trend

ESG has been a dominant force in the investment world over the past several years. It was a trend that arrived forcefully and showed no signs of slowing down in importance to investors and consumers alike—until it did. 

Using AlphaSense, we were able to track the trajectory of the ESG movement—from its meteoric rise to the forefront of corporate discourse to its suddenly uncertain future as public scrutiny and distrust continue to build . 

Armed with the four perspectives, AlphaSense users were able to follow changing ESG dynamics and clearly understand the trend’s evolution, including shifting public and company sentiment and expectations. Broker research, in particular, was critical for staying ahead of these shifts. It not only informed users on all relevant information early on, but also gave interpretations and expert analyses of this information, allowing them to manage risk, capitalize on new opportunities, and gain a competitive edge. 

Peer Analysis

Peer analysis is critical for organizations to achieve and maintain dominance in their respective fields. This means accurately identifying and interpreting industry trends, opportunities, and threats, so you can respond quickly and effectively. AlphaSense helps you stay informed on your peers with customizable watch lists and alerts that notify you whenever a new investment research piece is published featuring one of the companies in your industry. 

When analyzing competitors, it is also important to understand what growth areas those companies are anticipating. By benchmarking competitors’ R&D investments , you can gain valuable insight into companies’ strategies and use that knowledge for your own strategic decision-making.  

Broker research provides instant access to sales revenue forecasts for specific products, as well as R&D percentage of sales for specific companies, and you can find every relevant equity research piece quickly and easily in AlphaSense.

Groundbreaking Insights from Industry Experts

Monitoring macro trends and conditions is essential for smart investing and apt decision making for any company. The broker research on AlphaSense provides consistent expert insight and direct commentary on economic trends, opportunities, and challenges, so that you can avoid being caught off guard by an unexpected market-shifting event. 

When the popular stationary bike company, Peloton Interactive, first announced its decision to partner with industry giant Amazon, many were blindsided. But those who were relying on the four perspectives available through AlphaSense were able to spot the telling signs and key milestones that led up to this deal . 

In particular, broker research in the AlphaSense platform showed that this decision was not unexpected at all, but rather played into Peloton’s overall strategy to recoup lost capital by spending less on digital advertising and relying instead on Amazon’s massive customer base.

Broker Research (aka Equity or Sell-Side Research) involves reports, models, and estimates on companies, industries, fixed income, currencies and commodities, strategy, and economics.  Broker reports are reports developed by sell-side firms for consumption by investors, fund managers, and corporate professionals to better understand market dynamics and make smarter business and investment decisions.

You can subscribe to have access to a specific broker’s research content, and/or you can often purchase individual reports or documents you want to access. With a platform solution like AlphaSense, however, you can bypass individual subscriptions and paywalls to access research in a single, centralized place.

The “best” brokerage report depends on your specific needs and research goals. Top brokers in the research field include JP Morgan, Credit Suisse, Morgan Stanley, Barclays, and HSBC (among others) — all accessible on the AlphaSense Platform.

Check that the broker is registered with the SEC . You can also use FINRA’s BrokerCheck Database to research broker track records and credentials in-depth.

AlphaSense’s premium research database (including exclusive Wall Street Insights® ) offers comprehensive data combined with in-depth capital market expertise. 

Coupled with advanced AI-powered semantic search capabilities, analysts and researchers are able to access information faster, analyze market sentiment across multiple sources, and pinpoint the exact insights they need to inform decisions.

When you’re on the AlphaSense platform, you can say goodbye to individual subscription expenses, the need for manual, time-consuming research, and a reliance on outdated search methods (like CTRL-F) to find important insights.

AlphaSense provides access to many types of broker reports — industry analyses, flash reports, commodities reports, company analyses and more — from top names in the research field, including: 

  • Morningstar
  • Deutsche Bank

Try AlphaSense for Free

The AlphaSense platform offers access to premium content that powers confident research—you’ll have the tools, resources, and support you need to execute a full-scale strategy to drive results.

If you’re ready to level up your research for smarter investing, start by exploring all that AlphaSense has to offer.

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Equities: Analyst/Research Reports

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Equity Research Reports

  • Bloomberg Professional Services This link opens in a new window To find analyst reports for a company, type the company's ticker symbol, press the yellow Equity key, type BRC, and then press the GO key. For all research, type RES for the Bloomberg Research portal.
  • Eikon This link opens in a new window Search for company name. From the Company overview page, click on the "Research" tab. Use the filters to look for specific analyst research reports.
  • Emerging Markets Information Service This link opens in a new window Search analysis reports under Companies tab, next to click EMIS Insights or click the Industries tab, next to click EMIS Insights.
  • J.P. Morgan Research This link opens in a new window This database features thousands of analyst reports covering over 3,000 global companies and all industries. Reports cover equities and company performance, global and regional economics and financial strategy, foreign exchange, commodities, liquidity, and emerging markets more... less... Coverage is from 2011 onwards, with a one week embargo.

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Most financial databases provide annual reports of publicly listed companies, as well as financial information in standardized templates.

Company Websites

Annual or quarterly reports and presentations, corporate governance information, as well as financial information, is usually publicly available under " Investor Relations " or " Company Information " section of the corporate website.

Stock Exchange Website

The stock exchange where a company is listed will provide recent years' annual/financial reports, prospectus and circulars.

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  • Research Reports

Equity and inclusion in pregnancy care: report on the pregnancy outcomes and health care experiences of people with disabilities in Ontario

how to read equity research reports

Funded by the US National Institutes of Health, the Disability and Pregnancy Study was a landmark study that used parallel evidence from health administrative data on nearly 150,000 births to people with disabilities and qualitative interview data from key informants to examine the preconception, pregnancy, labour and birth, and postpartum and newborn health outcomes and health care experiences of people with physical, sensory, developmental and multiple disabilities in Ontario, Canada.

This initiative was led by a multidisciplinary team with expertise in epidemiology, qualitative methods, maternal-fetal medicine, pediatrics, psychology, psychiatry and disability, including lived experience of disability, and was further informed by an Advisory Committee of people with disabilities, service-providers and decision-makers. The Disability and Pregnancy Study gathered evidence supporting the need for a more equitable and inclusive approach to pregnancy care that addresses the needs of disabled people.

To read the report, scroll to the bottom of this page and download the easy read summary, executive summary, or full report.

Webinar: Equity and Inclusion in Pregnancy Care

On June 18th from 3 – 4:30 p.m. , join us for a webinar! The research team will describe the findings of the Disability and Pregnancy Study, which showed avoidable pregnancy-related health disparities and barriers to care for people with disabilities. With an expert panel that includes researchers, people with lived experience of disability, and health and social service providers, the team will discuss next steps in creating an accessible pregnancy care system that considers the needs of people with disabilities.

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Equity and Inclusion in Pregnancy Care: Easy Read Summary

Equity and inclusion in pregnancy care: executive summary, equity and inclusion in pregnancy care: full report, news releases, 1 in 8 pregnant people have a disability, but significant gaps exist in the provision of accessible care , discover more, association between anaesthesia–surgery team sex diversity and major morbidity.

Hallet J, Sutradhar R, Flexman A, McIsaac DI, Carrier FM, Turgeon AF, McCartney C, Chan WC, Coburn N, Eskander A, Jerath A, Perez d’Empaire P, Lorello G. Br J Surg.  2024; 11(5): znae097. Epub 2024 May 15.

COVID-19 hospitalization, mortality and pre-mature mortality by a history of immigration in Ontario, Canada: a population-based cohort study

Wanigaratne S, Shah B, Stukel TA, Lu H, Den Otter-Moore S, Shetty J, Saunders N, Gandhi S, Guttmann A. Lancet  Reg  Health Am . 2024; 34:100762. Epub 2024 May 13.

Postpartum emergency department use following midwifery-model vs obstetrics-model care

Sorbara C, Ray JG, Darling EK, Chung H, Podolsky S, Stukel TA. JAMA Netw Open . 2024; 7(4):e248676. Epub 2024 Apr 29.

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Rising seas and extreme storms fueled by climate change are combining to generate more frequent and severe floods in cities along rivers and coasts, and aging infrastructure is poorly equipped for the new reality. But when governments and planners try to prepare communities for worsening flood risks by improving infrastructure, the benefits are often unfairly distributed.

A new modeling approach from Stanford University and University of Florida researchers offers a solution: an easy way for planners to simulate future flood risks at the neighborhood level under conditions expected to become commonplace with climate change, such as extreme rainstorms that coincide with high tides elevated by rising sea levels.

The approach, described May 28 in Environmental Research Letters , reveals places where elevated risk is invisible with conventional modeling methods designed to assess future risks based on data from a single past flood event. “Asking these models to quantify the distribution of risk along a river for different climate scenarios is kind of like asking a microwave to cook a sophisticated souffle. It’s just not going to go well,” said senior study author Jenny Suckale, an associate professor of geophysics at the Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability . “We don’t know how the risk is distributed, and we don’t look at who benefits, to which degree.”

Helping other flood-prone communities

The new approach to modeling flood risk can help city and regional planners create better flood risk assessments and avoid creating new inequities, Suckale said. The algorithm is publicly available for other researchers to adapt to their location.

A history of destructive floods

The new study came about through collaboration with regional planners and residents in bayside cities including East Palo Alto, which faces rising flood risks from the San Francisco Bay and from an urban river that snakes along its southeastern border.

The river, known as the San Francisquito Creek, meanders from the foothills above Stanford’s campus down through engineered channels to the bay – its historic floodplains long ago developed into densely populated cities. “We live around it, we drive around it, we drive over it on the bridges,” said lead study author Katy Serafin , a former postdoctoral scholar in Suckale’s research group. 

The river has a history of destructive floods. The biggest one, in 1998, inundated 1,700 properties, caused more than $40 million in damages, and led to the creation of a regional agency tasked with mitigating future flood risk.

Nearly 20 years after that historic flood, Suckale started thinking about how science could inform future flood mitigation efforts around urban rivers like the San Francisquito when she was teaching a course in East Palo Alto focused on equity, resilience, and sustainability in urban areas. Designated as a Cardinal Course for its strong public service component, the course was offered most recently under the title Shaping the Future of the Bay Area . 

Around the time Suckale started teaching the course, the regional agency – known as the San Francisquito Creek Joint Powers Authority – had developed plans to redesign a bridge to allow more water to flow underneath it and prevent flooding in creekside cities. But East Palo Alto city officials told Suckale and her students that they worried the plan could worsen flood risks in some neighborhoods downstream of the bridge.

Suckale realized that if the students and scientists could determine how the proposed design would affect the distribution of flood risks along the creek, while collaborating with the agency to understand its constraints, then their findings could guide decisions about how to protect all neighborhoods. “It’s actionable science, not just science for science’s sake,” she said.

Pictured is a man standing next to temporary floodwall that's holding back rising water in East Palo Alto.

San Francisquito Creek waters rose along a temporary wooden floodwall in East Palo Alto, California, during a storm event on Dec. 31, 2022. | Jim Wiley, courtesy of the San Francisquito Creek Joint Powers Authority

Science that leads to action

The Joint Powers Authority had developed the plan using a flood-risk model commonly used by hydrologists around the world. The agency had considered the concerns raised by East Palo Alto city staff about downstream flood risks, but found that the standard model couldn’t substantiate them.

“We wanted to model a wider range of factors that will contribute to flood risk over the next few decades as our climate changes,” said Serafin, who served as a mentor to students in the Cardinal Course and is now an assistant professor at University of Florida.

Serafin created an algorithm to simulate millions of combinations of flood factors, including sea-level rise and more frequent episodes of extreme rainfall – a consequence of global warming that is already being felt in East Palo Alto and across California .

Serafin and Suckale incorporated their new algorithm into the widely used model to compute the statistical likelihood that the San Francisquito Creek would flood at different locations along the river. They then overlaid these results with aggregated household income and demographic data and a federal index of social vulnerability .

They found that the redesign of the upstream bridge would provide adequate protection against a repeat of the 1998 flood, which was once considered a 75-year flood event. But the modeling revealed that the planned design would leave hundreds of low-income households in East Palo Alto exposed to increased flood risk as climate change makes once-rare severe weather and flood events more common.

Related story

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Sea-level rise may worsen existing Bay Area inequities

A beneficial collaboration.

When the scientists shared their findings with the city of East Palo Alto, the Joint Powers Authority, and other community collaborators in conversations over several years, they emphasized that the conventional model wasn’t wrong – it just wasn’t designed to answer questions about equity.

The results provided scientific evidence to guide the Joint Powers Authority’s infrastructure plans, which expanded to include construction of a permanent floodwall beside the creek in East Palo Alto. The agency also adopted a plan to build up the creek’s bank in a particularly low area to better protect neighboring homes and streets.

Ruben Abrica, East Palo Alto’s elected representative to the Joint Powers Authority board, said researchers, planners, city staff, and policymakers have a responsibility to work together to “carry out projects that don’t put some people in more danger than others.”

how to read equity research reports

Bay Area coastal flooding triggers regionwide commute disruptions

The results of the Stanford research demonstrated how seemingly neutral models that ignore equity can lead to uneven distributions of risks and benefits. “Scientists have to become more aware of the impact of the research, because the people who read the research or the people who then do the planning are relying on them,” he said.

Serafin and Suckale said their work with San Francisquito Creek demonstrates the importance of mutual respect and trust among researchers and communities positioned not as subjects of study, but active contributors to the creation of knowledge. “Our community collaborators made sure we, as scientists, understood the realities of these different communities,” Suckale said. “We’re not training them to be hydrological modelers. We are working with them to make sure that the decisions they’re making are transparent and fair to the different communities involved.”

For more information

Co-authors of the study include Derek Ouyang, Research Manager of the Regulation, Evaluation, and Governance Lab (RegLab) at Stanford and Jeffrey Koseff , the William Alden Campbell and Martha Campbell Professor in the School of Engineering , Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering in the School of Engineering and the Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability, and a Senior Fellow at the Woods Institute for the Environment . Koseff is also the Faculty Director for the Change Leadership for Sustainability Program and Professor of Oceans in the Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability.

This research was supported by Stanford’s Bill Lane Center for the American West. The work is the product of the Stanford Future Bay Initiative, a research-education-practice collaboration committed to co-production of actionable intelligence with San Francisco Bay Area communities to shape a more equitable, resilient and sustainable urban future.

Jenny Suckale, Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability: [email protected] Katy Serafin, University of Florida: [email protected] Josie Garthwaite, Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability: (650) 497-0947, [email protected]

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Investors Heavily Search Alibaba Group Holding Limited (BABA): Here is What You Need to Know

Alibaba ( BABA Quick Quote BABA - Free Report ) is one of the stocks most watched by Zacks.com visitors lately. So, it might be a good idea to review some of the factors that might affect the near-term performance of the stock.

Shares of this online retailer have returned -0.9% over the past month versus the Zacks S&P 500 composite's +4.1% change. The Zacks Internet - Commerce industry, to which Alibaba belongs, has gained 4.8% over this period. Now the key question is: Where could the stock be headed in the near term?

Although media reports or rumors about a significant change in a company's business prospects usually cause its stock to trend and lead to an immediate price change, there are always certain fundamental factors that ultimately drive the buy-and-hold decision.

Revisions to Earnings Estimates

Rather than focusing on anything else, we at Zacks prioritize evaluating the change in a company's earnings projection. This is because we believe the fair value for its stock is determined by the present value of its future stream of earnings.

We essentially look at how sell-side analysts covering the stock are revising their earnings estimates to reflect the impact of the latest business trends. And if earnings estimates go up for a company, the fair value for its stock goes up. A higher fair value than the current market price drives investors' interest in buying the stock, leading to its price moving higher. This is why empirical research shows a strong correlation between trends in earnings estimate revisions and near-term stock price movements.

For the current quarter, Alibaba is expected to post earnings of $2.24 per share, indicating a change of -6.7% from the year-ago quarter. The Zacks Consensus Estimate has changed +17% over the last 30 days.

For the current fiscal year, the consensus earnings estimate of $8.20 points to a change of -4.9% from the prior year. Over the last 30 days, this estimate has changed -1.7%.

For the next fiscal year, the consensus earnings estimate of $9.20 indicates a change of +12.2% from what Alibaba is expected to report a year ago. Over the past month, the estimate has changed -0.7%.

With an impressive externally audited track record , our proprietary stock rating tool -- the Zacks Rank -- is a more conclusive indicator of a stock's near-term price performance, as it effectively harnesses the power of earnings estimate revisions. The size of the recent change in the consensus estimate, along with three other factors related to earnings estimates , has resulted in a Zacks Rank #3 (Hold) for Alibaba.

The chart below shows the evolution of the company's forward 12-month consensus EPS estimate:

12 Month EPS

12-month consensus EPS estimate for BABA _12MonthEPSChartUrl

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More than half of Americans are following election news closely, and many are already worn out

Journalists await the "first-in-the-nation" midnight vote for New Hampshire's 2024 primary at The Balsams Resort in Dixville Notch on Jan. 22, 2024. (Sebastien St-Jean/AFP via Getty Images)

A majority of Americans say they are closely following news about the 2024 U.S. presidential election, a slightly higher share than in April 2020. At the same time, many people already say they are worn out by so much coverage of the campaign and candidates, according to a Pew Research Center survey conducted this April.

To examine Americans’ habits and attitudes toward political and election news and information, Pew Research Center surveyed 8,709 U.S. adults from April 8 to 14, 2024.

Everyone who completed the survey is a member of the Center’s American Trends Panel (ATP), an online survey panel that is recruited through national, random sampling of residential addresses. This way nearly all U.S. adults have a chance of selection. The surveys are weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education and other categories. Read more about the  ATP’s methodology .

Here are the  questions used for this analysis , along with responses, and its  methodology .

Pew Research Center is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts, its primary funder. This is the latest analysis in Pew Research Center’s ongoing investigation of the state of news, information and journalism in the digital age, a research program funded by The Pew Charitable Trusts, with generous support from the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation.

How closely Americans follow election news

A bar chart showing that more than half of Americans have been closely following news about 2024 presidential candidates.

More than half of Americans (58%) say they are following news about candidates for the 2024 presidential election very or fairly closely. Another 28% say they aren’t following it too closely, and 13% aren’t following it closely at all.

The share of Americans who are closely following election news is slightly higher now than it was in April 2020 (52%). In October 2020, however, that share increased to 75%.

This year, Republicans and independents who lean toward the Republican Party are slightly more likely than Democrats and Democratic leaners to say they are closely following election news (64% vs. 58%).

As in past presidential elections, older adults are more likely than younger adults to say they are closely following news about the candidates. Roughly eight-in-ten U.S. adults ages 65 and older (82%) currently say this, compared with 68% of those ages 50 to 64, 48% of those ages 30 to 49, and only 34% of those ages 18 to 29.

Fatigue over election coverage

Bar charts showing that a majority of Americans are worn out by 2024 presidential campaign coverage but those closely following election news are less likely to say this.

Although many Americans are following news about the 2024 presidential candidates, they are also experiencing fatigue over election coverage. About six-in-ten U.S. adults (62%) already say they are worn out by so much coverage of the campaign and candidates, while 35% say they like seeing a lot of this coverage.

This is similar to the share of Americans who said they felt worn out at later points in the last two presidential election years. In June and July 2016 , 59% of Americans said they felt worn out, and in October 2020 , 61% felt this way.

Americans who are following election news closely are less likely than those who aren’t to be worn out by election coverage. Four-in-ten Americans who say they follow news about candidates very closely say they are worn out by so much coverage, compared with 77% of those who say they don’t follow it closely at all.

Republicans are slightly less likely than Democrats to say they are worn out by election coverage (58% vs. 66%). This gap is driven by conservative Republicans (55%), who are less likely than moderate or liberal Republicans (65%) to feel worn out.

How Americans come across election news

Americans are more likely to say they mostly get political news because they happen to come across it (57%) than because they are looking for it (42%).

A diverging bar chart showing that younger Americans are far less likely than older ones to actively search for political news.

However, there are striking differences on this question by age. Just a quarter of Americans ages 18 to 29 say they mostly get political news because they are looking for it, compared with 60% of those 65 and older – a gap of 35 percentage points.

Those who say they closely follow news about the 2024 presidential election are also far more likely to actively seek out political news. About six-in-ten U.S. adults who closely follow election news (58%) say they mostly get political news this way, compared with 18% of those who are not closely following election news.

Republicans and Democrats are equally likely to say they mostly get political news because they look for it (44% vs. 43%). However, independents who do not lean toward either party (21%) are about half as likely to say this.

Sources of election news

A bar chart showing that a majority of Americans get most political and election news from journalists and news organizations.

We also asked what type of sources Americans get most of their political and election news from. A majority of U.S. adults (62%) say they get most of this news from journalists and news organizations. (The question did not ask how people access that news , such as through TV, print, news websites or social media.)

Around one-in-ten Americans (11%) say they get most political and election news from friends, family and neighbors. Smaller shares say they get most of this news from celebrities and social media personalities (4%), politicians and political parties (3%), and ordinary people they don’t know (2%). An additional 17% say they don’t get most of their political or election news from any of these sources.

There are a few differences in election news sources by Americans’ age and political party:

A bar chart showing that older Americans are more likely than younger ones to get election news from news organizations.

  • Older Americans are far more likely than younger ones to say they get most political and election news from journalists and news organizations. Around three-quarters of Americans ages 65 and older (78%) say this, compared with 68% of those ages 50 to 64, 55% of those 30 to 49, and 45% of those 18 to 29.
  • Adults under 30 are significantly more likely than those 65 and older to say they get most of this news from celebrities and social media personalities (10% vs. 1%). They are also more likely to get this news from friends, family and neighbors (18% vs. 6%).
  • Democrats are slightly more likely than Republicans to say they get most political and election news from journalists and news organizations (69% vs. 59%).
  • Republicans are slightly more likely than Democrats to say they don’t get most political or election news from any of these sources (20% vs. 12%).

Note: Here are the questions used for this analysis , along with responses, and its methodology . Research Assistant Emily Tomasik contributed to this analysis.

  • Election 2024
  • Election News
  • News Coverage
  • Politics & Media

Kirsten Eddy is a senior researcher focusing on news and information at Pew Research Center .

Two-thirds of U.S. adults say they’ve seen their own news sources report facts meant to favor one side

A growing share of voters say it’s important to them to hear from the trump and biden campaigns, americans are following news about presidential candidates much less closely than covid-19 news, black and white democrats differ in their media diets, assessments of primaries, 5 key findings from our latest election news pathways survey, from impeachment to the democratic race, most popular.

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ABOUT PEW RESEARCH CENTER  Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. It is a subsidiary of  The Pew Charitable Trusts .

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Global equity funds record first outflows in five weeks amid rising U.S. yields

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Stocks rebound while dollar, Treasury yields fall after US data

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