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Understanding Web 3.0 - the Semantic Web : how the evolution to a third generation of the Web will impact upon the Internet and media environment within a global and South African context

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Chetty, L. 2011. Understanding Web 3.0 - the Semantic Web : how the evolution to a third generation of the Web will impact upon the Internet and media environment within a global and South African context. University of Cape Town.

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Web 3.0: Developments and Directions of the Future Internet Architecture?

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• Yuchao Zhang   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-0135-8915 9 ,
• Pengmiao Li 9 ,
• Peizhuang Cong 9 ,
• Huan Zou 9 ,
• Xiaotian Wang 9 &
• Xiaofeng He 9  

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• International Conference on Web Services

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As a promising emerging technology, Web3.0 has become the focus of more and more manufacturers and researchers. Web3.0 is an integration of network readability, writability, and authenticity. It is not only a new Internet architecture that integrates multiple rising technologies based on decentralization, but also an Internet infrastructure owned and trusted by each individual users. It reshapes the relationship between users and applications, by storing data on the network, rather than on specific servers owned by large service providers, which means that anyone can use this data without creating access credentials or obtaining permission from those monopolistic providers. This vision paper will first review the way the current network services work, then introduce some key technologies closely related to Web3.0, and finally point out the future research directions and potential opportunities, which are expected to give researchers a better understanding of Web3.0.

The work was supported in part by the Key Project of Beijing Natural Science Foundation under M21030, the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC) under Grant 62172054, and the National Key R &D Program of China under Grant 2019YFB1802603.

P. Li, P. Cong, H. Zou, X. Wang and X. He—Authors contribute equally to this paper.

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Zhang, Y., Li, P., Cong, P., Zou, H., Wang, X., He, X. (2022). Web 3.0: Developments and Directions of the Future Internet Architecture?. In: Zhang, Y., Zhang, LJ. (eds) Web Services – ICWS 2022. ICWS 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13736. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23579-5_8

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The Promise of a Better Internet: What Is Web 3.0 and What Are We Building?

25 Pages Posted: 11 May 2022

Alex Murray

University of Oregon

University of Virginia - Strategy, Entrepreneurship, and Ethics; University of Virginia - Darden School of Business

Jordan Combs

Date Written: April 12, 2022

In this article, we survey current conceptions of Web 3.0 and describe ways in which Web 3.0 differs from Web 2.0. Specifically, Web 3.0 is built on blockchain technology, allows for increased peer-to-peer interactions without intermediaries, enables individuals and businesses access to networks of users with much lower cost, and stands as a rebuke to large companies’ centralized control of services and information. These distinctions make Web 3.0 both a natural evolution of Web 2.0 and a broader paradigm shift that may fundamentally alter the structure of industries and the ways in which people interface online. Next, we describe ongoing efforts to build Web 3.0, providing an overview of four important components: cryptocurrencies and decentralized finance (DeFi), non-fungible tokens (NFTs), decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs), and metaverses. We then highlight successful use cases, emerging trends, and key challenges that innovators are apt to face as Web 3.0 services and applications gain widespread adoption. Finally, we address actions that organizations and managers can take to prepare for the changes to come.

Keywords: Web 3.0, blockchain, cryptocurrencies, NFT, non-fungible token, DAO, smart contract, metaverse, decentralization

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Title: enabling technologies for web 3.0: a comprehensive survey.

Abstract: Web 3.0 represents the next stage of Internet evolution, aiming to empower users with increased autonomy, efficiency, quality, security, and privacy. This evolution can potentially democratize content access by utilizing the latest developments in enabling technologies. In this paper, we conduct an in-depth survey of enabling technologies in the context of Web 3.0, such as blockchain, semantic web, 3D interactive web, Metaverse, Virtual reality/Augmented reality, Internet of Things technology, and their roles in shaping Web 3.0. We commence by providing a comprehensive background of Web 3.0, including its concept, basic architecture, potential applications, and industry adoption. Subsequently, we examine recent breakthroughs in IoT, 5G, and blockchain technologies that are pivotal to Web 3.0 development. Following that, other enabling technologies, including AI, semantic web, and 3D interactive web, are discussed. Utilizing these technologies can effectively address the critical challenges in realizing Web 3.0, such as ensuring decentralized identity, platform interoperability, data transparency, reducing latency, and enhancing the system's scalability. Finally, we highlight significant challenges associated with Web 3.0 implementation, emphasizing potential solutions and providing insights into future research directions in this field.

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Web 3.0 and decentralized applications  †.

1. Introduction

Security and privacy concerns, 5.1. blockchain, 5.2. smart contract, 5.3. ethereum virtual machine (evm), 5.4. frontend, 5.5. data storage, 6. challenges of web 3.0, 6.1. issues concerning mass adoption, 6.2. issues concerning latency, 7. conclusions, author contributions, institutional review board statement, informed consent statement, data availability statement, conflicts of interest.

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Goel, A.K.; Bakshi, R.; Agrawal, K.K. Web 3.0 and Decentralized Applications. Mater. Proc. 2022 , 10 , 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2022010008

Goel AK, Bakshi R, Agrawal KK. Web 3.0 and Decentralized Applications. Materials Proceedings . 2022; 10(1):8. https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2022010008

Goel, Amit Kumar, Rahul Bakshi, and Krishna Kant Agrawal. 2022. "Web 3.0 and Decentralized Applications" Materials Proceedings 10, no. 1: 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2022010008

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Introduction to Web3

Centralization has helped onboard billions of people to the World Wide Web and created the stable, robust infrastructure on which it lives. At the same time, a handful of centralized entities have a stronghold on large swathes of the World Wide Web, unilaterally deciding what should and should not be allowed.

Web3 is the answer to this dilemma. Instead of a Web monopolized by large technology companies, Web3 embraces decentralization and is being built, operated, and owned by its users. Web3 puts power in the hands of individuals rather than corporations. Before we talk about Web3, let's explore how we got here.

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Most people think of the Web as a continuous pillar of modern life—it was invented and has just existed since. However, the Web most of us know today is quite different from originally imagined. To understand this better, it's helpful to break the Web's short history into loose periods—Web 1.0 and Web 2.0.

Web 1.0: Read-Only (1990-2004)

In 1989, at CERN, Geneva, Tim Berners-Lee was busy developing the protocols that would become the World Wide Web. His idea? To create open, decentralized protocols that allowed information-sharing from anywhere on Earth.

The first inception of Berners-Lee's creation, now known as 'Web 1.0', occurred roughly between 1990 to 2004. Web 1.0 was mainly static websites owned by companies, and there was close to zero interaction between users - individuals seldom produced content - leading to it being known as the read-only web.

Web 2.0: Read-Write (2004-now)

The Web 2.0 period began in 2004 with the emergence of social media platforms. Instead of a read-only, the web evolved to be read-write. Instead of companies providing content to users, they also began to provide platforms to share user-generated content and engage in user-to-user interactions. As more people came online, a handful of top companies began to control a disproportionate amount of the traffic and value generated on the web. Web 2.0 also birthed the advertising-driven revenue model. While users could create content, they didn't own it or benefit from its monetization.

Web 3.0: Read-Write-Own

The premise of 'Web 3.0' was coined by Ethereum co-founder Gavin Wood shortly after Ethereum launched in 2014. Gavin put into words a solution for a problem that many early crypto adopters felt: the Web required too much trust. That is, most of the Web that people know and use today relies on trusting a handful of private companies to act in the public's best interests.

What is Web3?

Core ideas of web3.

Although it's challenging to provide a rigid definition of what Web3 is, a few core principles guide its creation.

• Web3 is decentralized: instead of large swathes of the internet controlled and owned by centralized entities, ownership gets distributed amongst its builders and users.
• Web3 is permissionless: everyone has equal access to participate in Web3, and no one gets excluded.
• Web3 has native payments: it uses cryptocurrency for spending and sending money online instead of relying on the outdated infrastructure of banks and payment processors.
• Web3 is trustless: it operates using incentives and economic mechanisms instead of relying on trusted third-parties.

Why is Web3 important?

Although Web3's killer features aren't isolated and don't fit into neat categories, for simplicity we've tried to separate them to make them easier to understand.

Web3 gives you ownership of your digital assets in an unprecedented way. For example, say you're playing a web2 game. If you purchase an in-game item, it is tied directly to your account. If the game creators delete your account, you will lose these items. Or, if you stop playing the game, you lose the value you invested into your in-game items.

Censorship resistance

The power dynamic between platforms and content creators is massively imbalanced.

OnlyFans is a user-generated adult content site with over 1-million content creators, many of which use the platform as their primary source of income. In August 2021, OnlyFans announced plans to ban sexually explicit content. The announcement sparked outrage amongst creators on the platform, who felt they were getting robbed of an income on a platform they helped create. After the backlash, the decision got quickly reversed. Despite the creators winning this battle, it highlights a problem for Web 2.0 creators: you lose the reputation and following you accrued if you leave a platform.

On Web3, your data lives on the blockchain. When you decide to leave a platform, you can take your reputation with you, plugging it into another interface that more clearly aligns with your values.

Web 2.0 requires content creators to trust platforms not to change the rules, but censorship resistance is a native feature of a Web3 platform.

Decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs)

As well as owning your data in Web3, you can own the platform as a collective, using tokens that act like shares in a company. DAOs let you coordinate decentralized ownership of a platform and make decisions about its future.

DAOs are defined technically as agreed-upon smart contracts that automate decentralized decision-making over a pool of resources (tokens). Users with tokens vote on how resources get spent, and the code automatically performs the voting outcome.

However, people define many Web3 communities as DAOs. These communities all have different levels of decentralization and automation by code. Currently, we are exploring what DAOs are and how they might evolve in the future.

Traditionally, you would create an account for every platform you use. For example, you might have a Twitter account, a YouTube account, and a Reddit account. Want to change your display name or profile picture? You have to do it across every account. You can use social sign-ins in some cases, but this presents a familiar problem—censorship. In a single click, these platforms can lock you out of your entire online life. Even worse, many platforms require you to trust them with personally identifiable information to create an account.

Web3 solves these problems by allowing you to control your digital identity with an Ethereum address and Ethereum Name Service (ENS) profile. Using an Ethereum address provides a single login across platforms that is secure, censorship-resistant, and anonymous.

Native payments

Web2's payment infrastructure relies on banks and payment processors, excluding people without bank accounts or those who happen to live within the borders of the wrong country. Web3 uses tokens like ETH to send money directly in the browser and requires no trusted third party.

Web3 limitations

Despite the numerous benefits of Web3 in its current form, there are still many limitations that the ecosystem must address for it to flourish.

Accessibility

Important Web3 features, like Sign-in with Ethereum, are already available for anyone to use at zero cost. But, the relative cost of transactions is still prohibitive to many. Web3 is less likely to be utilized in less-wealthy, developing nations due to high transaction fees. On Ethereum, these challenges are being solved through the roadmap and layer 2 scaling solutions . The technology is ready, but we need higher levels of adoption on layer 2 to make Web3 accessible to everyone.

User experience

The technical barrier to entry to using Web3 is currently too high. Users must comprehend security concerns, understand complex technical documentation, and navigate unintuitive user interfaces. Wallet providers , in particular, are working to solve this, but more progress is needed before Web3 gets adopted en masse.

Web3 introduces new paradigms that require learning different mental models than the ones used in Web2.0. A similar education drive happened as Web1.0 was gaining popularity in the late 1990s; proponents of the world wide web used a slew of educational techniques to educate the public from simple metaphors (the information highway, browsers, surfing the web) to television broadcasts (opens in a new tab) . Web3 isn't difficult, but it is different. Educational initiatives informing Web2 users of these Web3 paradigms are vital for its success.

Ethereum.org contributes to Web3 education through our Translation Program , aiming to translate important Ethereum content to as many languages as possible.

Centralized infrastructure

The Web3 ecosystem is young and quickly evolving. As a result, it currently depends mainly on centralized infrastructure (GitHub, Twitter, Discord, etc.). Many Web3 companies are rushing to fill these gaps, but building high-quality, reliable infrastructure takes time.

A decentralized future

Web3 is a young and evolving ecosystem. Gavin Wood coined the term in 2014, but many of these ideas have only recently become a reality. In the last year alone, there has been a considerable surge in the interest in cryptocurrency, improvements to layer 2 scaling solutions, massive experiments with new forms of governance, and revolutions in digital identity.

We are only at the beginning of creating a better Web with Web3, but as we continue to improve the infrastructure that will support it, the future of the Web looks bright.

How can I get involved

• Get a wallet
• Find a community
• Explore Web3 applications
• Build on Web3

Further reading

Web3 isn’t rigidly defined. Various community participants have different perspectives on it. Here are a few of them:

• What is Web3? The Decentralized Internet of the Future Explained (opens in a new tab) – Nader Dabit
• Making Sense of Web 3 (opens in a new tab) – Josh Stark
• Why Web3 Matters (opens in a new tab) — Chris Dixon
• Why Decentralization Matters (opens in a new tab) - Chris Dixon
• The Web3 Landscape (opens in a new tab) – a16z
• The Web3 Debate (opens in a new tab) – Packy McCormick

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inside techstars

Pre-accelerator, accelerators, techstars web3 accelerator - investment thesis 2.0, nov 29, 2022.

Written by Hugh Mc Girr & Pete Townsend, Investment Team, Techstars Web3 Accelerator

This thesis outlines our reasoning for investing in web3 as a future internet and in what we’re looking for in those founders building towards it.

We begin with a long societal arc of historical context on organised productivity and emergence of particular empires; by charting a course where amendments to company law meet with the internet, while also touching upon the history of the internet itself and the topic of representation. 

We then outline the importance of decentralisation and of a decentralised internet and move into some of the notable events along that journey and, loosely, to where we are now. 

We double down on thesis 1.0 and the general theory of a future internet being decentralised, a.k.a. ‘web3’. We speak towards some of our learnings along that journey, so far and towards what else is required to get us there, before finishing with what we are looking for from founders.

Whether you are a founder, investor, mentor, or simply interested in web3 and in early-stage venture, we hope you find our thesis helpful and informative.

Our view of the world hasn’t changed

Long arc to here .

Decentralisation

We still believe

Thesis 1.0 , what we’ve learned, what else is required, what we’re looking for.

The late 19th century marked a significant shift in the rate of technological progress. It was from this time onwards where history really learned of the productive power of corporations, of governmental research labs and of globalisation. Brad DeLong chronicles this in his book Slouching Towards Utopia: An Economic History of the Twentieth Century as he cites a dramatic increase in the rate of technological progress as the reasoning for beginning the book in 1870. Prior to this, the rate of technological progress was roughly 0.5% or less until it jumped to 2.1% in 1870; leading the following century to look markedly different from the previous century and centuries prior.

Up until the mid-19th century, companies mostly consisted of government-funded charters and joint stock companies. The earliest of businessmen often risked their lives as well as their fortunes, but there came a time -1830 in Massachusetts and 1862 in Britain- when companies were ‘set free’ from potential loss and government control. That is when shareholders were granted limited liability and when the technological prowess and liberal values of the company allowed the limited liability company (LLC.) to become one of the West’s great competitive advantages. The Company - A Short History of a RevolutionaryIdea by John Micklethwait and Adrian Wooldrige fantastically details the journey of the LLC from when it came to possess most of the legal rights of a human being, without the disadvantages of biology and with the privileges of immortality.

Since this time, the company has become a mainstay in our lives. On one level, you might consider the LLC to have become the basic unit of western society -ahead of the state , the commune , the political party , the church , the manor and the monarchy (while perhaps competing with the family )- and on another level, you might consider that some particular corporations have seriously challenged world order status quo beyond the state (since the Dutch and British empires, more recently the US and now China) and while some the world's largest countries are at (some variant of) war today, corporations have never been as powerful.

If you subscribe to Nassim Talib’s view in his book Anti-Fragile , you might agree that a bottom-up ownership leads to a healthier democracy because of the adaptable nature of having more skin in the game from a ‘grass-roots’ level. And the reason DeLong ends Slouching Towards Utopia ’s Twentieth Century in 2010 is because that is when the western world took a turn, after a particular ‘boom-bust’ cycle. It is when the deregulated ‘bubble’ of irresponsible financial institutions burst and when rescuings for fear of too-big-to-fail followed - leaving a large scar (not only) on the financial system, but also within the frameworks which orchestrate the way in which we live and work, create and consume. A scar which regulators learn from and adapt and a scar which motivates innovators.

We believe in solving for fragility but we also believe in greater levels of representation; for contributors and consumers and for environmental and social stakeholders. The very mission of Techstars itself is to help entrepreneurs succeed, which we believe enables wealth distribution as well as economic development. As we learn from the 2008 financial crisis, we have also come to know of today’s tech giants who continue to magnetise billions of daily users like no corporation ever before. 

These tech companies also operate in a world and in an age which is relatively new to us but which has totally transformed society. And that is the age of the internet .  While these central figures can be admired for bringing so many users online, they hold a lot of leverage over how and over what we consume, over how we create and distribute and whether we agree with their capabilities and business models, or not, perhaps there is an alternative technology for expanded representation.

Stripe’s mission is to grow the GDP of the internet. Within the expanding empire of the internet , you might ask;

What should it do for us ? and what should it not do for us ?

How could it form our real-world for the better? Or what of it may we want to own ?

And should it be centralised or decentralised?

Decentralisation is a pathway for greater representation.

Decentralised value can come in many forms. Ultimately it is skin in the game.

“We believe in solving for fragility but we also believe in greater levels of representation; for contributors and consumers and for environmental and social stakeholders”

An internet with native asset- or utility-value can be a powerful technology for greater decentralisation and within that, an internet consisting of distributed, open-source, coded commitments (smart contracts) can have meaningful utility value. And smart contracts with embedded economics can provide a deeper level of skin in the game.

Even if Tim Berners-Lee and others were posing these possibilities when an open-source Web1 came along, in the late 80s-early 90s, the internet was hard to use, hard to build within and there were far fewer engineers. Fast-forward to 2022 - we now have blockchain to deliver a decentralised internet, but parallel innovations in mobile and cloud have enabled the decentralised internet to evolve far faster than Web1. That being said, the decentralised internet is still hard to use, hard to build and there is a shortage of blockchain engineers.

A decentralised internet will consist of some integral foundational building blocks - some of which we may have been introduced to and some of which we have yet to encounter. Either way, the waves are increasing - in frequency and in depth.

First we saw decentralised money - bitcoin. Surfacing after the 2008 financial crisis, bitcoin may or may not become an everyday currency and may or may not become a reserve asset but it cannot be intrinsically tampered with or devalued by central entities. It is currently the most widely adopted decentralised network asset - akin to “the immaculate conception”, as claimed by one of our Techstars mentors. How right they could be!

In response to network shortcomings of bitcoin, ethereum has ignited the quest for the decentralised OS and we’ve since seen Layer 0s , Layer 1s , Layer 2s , R oll-ups and Zero-Knowledge Proofs expand active development base across protocols and build the foundations for dApps & projects to build upon. 

The space got way ahead of itself during the ICO boom - a brief period of “ venture decks with a lot of hopium ” as Lex Sokolin calls it , which brought an abundance of speculation, noise, speculation and many empty projects. Similar can be said for VC pump-&-dump behaviour, which is another can of worms, but good protocols can survive. 

Next came the DeFi and NFT Summers. Lending, borrowing and various yield strategies across numerous DeFi protocols (particularly with the introduction of stablecoins), and the promise of non-fungible assets provided more oxygen to the potential of a decentralised internet. And while both may have shown some throughput limits or broken models, we see some really functional applications across 

Decentralised exchanges (e.g. Uniswap ) to decentralised lending and borrowing (e.g. Compound , Aave ) to decentralised liquidity and credit (e.g. MakerDAO ) 

NFTs empowering both the creator economy (e.g. in music with the likes Royal , TokenTraxx and our very own Staxe ) and fan engagement (e.g. Sorare , NBA Top Shot and our very own BigFan ) 

And where DeFi adopts NFTs to enable real world lending (e.g. Centrifuge , Defactor , Goldfinch and our very own Eczodex )

Web3 consists of open-source engineering and open-source community coming together, underpinned by embedded economics and within systems which can speak to each other. The collective potential of inter-programmability and native, distributed ownership provides the basis for a holistic internet which could transform our economies like nothing we have seen before. 

While we certainly experienced a web3 wave recently, it is fair to say that it has obviously consisted of a heavier introduction to such native financial systems (crypto) than the software and communities components.

So what else might we see heat up in the next wave towards a decentralised internet?

Perhaps we will see consolidation with some web2 plays ( like Ticketmaster and Flow NFTs) incorporate primitives and wallets and naturally onboard millions more users. Perhaps some particular projects and protocols will set a greater precedent for what could be . Chainlink, for example, is a good example of a network in the top 20-ish of market caps with really notable flywheel traction. As a first-mover in solving the oracle problem, Chainlink data providers -who are required to stake the LINK token- are incentivised to accurately facilitate the transfer of tamper-proof data from off-chain sources to on-chain smart contracts.

Chainlink is used by most major DeFi protocols, hundreds of projects and many web2 companies have also launched oracle nodes to monetise their data . It is web3 in action!

Gaming is a very natural setting for web3, particularly as native assets designed to be used within a game can accrue value. Blockchain gaming was responsible for half of all unique active wallets connected to blockchain dApps on a daily average in 2021 and although the category leader Axie Infinity showed just how unsustainable Play-to-Earn can be, we are likely going to see a lot more from web3 gaming.

We expect to see a lot more out of NFTs organising people in a meaningful way in the real world, either on a truly decentralised basis or through the cross-over of the primitives of decentralisation back into a centralized construct. We’ve come a long way since CryptoKitties in 2017 to being on the cusp of NFTs as mainstream event tickets, as above. Unless NFTs have real utility, most will become the detritus of web3.  Utility means different things to different people, i.e., utility can just be meaningfulness .  Love them or hate them, if your Bored Ape profile pic provides you with a sense of community because you identify with that culture, it’s meaningful to you today. That same Bored Ape NFT may provide you with access to in-real-life experiences that are also meaningful to you in the medium-term. However, the 101 (or 1,001+!!) copycat projects trying to earn a few bucks on hype-driven speculation don’t have a hope of accumulating long-term utility.  That’s where the intersection of media, sports and entertainment with NFTs excites us. Imagine your kid opening a $10 virtual pack of rap-hero digital collectibles on a smartphone app, and getting a virtual golden ticket to the next Kendrick Lamar gig? We’re looking for these true innovations to connect the passion of fans with the objects of their fandom in a way that web2 cannot. And we say “kid” on purpose here, as it’s the younger generations that could swipe before they could speak that will be voting with their fingers on how the primitives of decentralisation cross-over into centralised frameworks. 

We also anticipate a lot more to come from DAOs (decentralised autonomous organisations). DAOs empower open-source, bottom-up governance (typically via tokens) and enable individuals or entities -who consume, contribute, evangelise, create, design, collaborate, manage, invest and own like a traditional organization- to also operate with greater levels of transparency, openness, and democratic governance.

DAOs are at a very early stage in their development and while -at time of writing-, there have been over 700.3k active voters and proposal makers, 70.1k all time decisions made and 3.9M all time votes across all DAOs ( source ); if complex token-economy are to flourish, we can expect a lot more governance innovation from DAOs. MakerDAO, the largest DeFi protocol by TVL, is a good frontier example. The DAO has recently voted to spin-off core units into ‘MetaDAOs’ (read more about the ‘Endgame Plan’ here ). A move that has attracted a lot of curious, watchful eyes.

“ The collective potential of inter-programmability and distributed ownership provides the basis for a holistic internet which could transform internet economies like nothing we have seen before ”

In thesis 1.0 , Pete envisioned the path back from 2045 and where it converges with the path from the past, and although the promise of web3 has so far seemed more speculatively-heavy, rather than utility-heavy, we still believe in the internet -as Packy McCormack calls it- “..owned by builders and users, orchestrated by tokens”. A system of networks which -in their own capacity- could effectively, be deemed mini-economies.

BUT.. building a decentralised token-economy is hard as the innovation is greater than a technical one. There is the engineering , there is the community and there are the economics . There are some totally novel mental models.

Pete raised some key focal points in our web3 thesis 1.0 ( Accessibility , Community, Composability, Compounding and Incentivisation ) which successful projects would need to address.

We still believe in the integral importance of these but there are some additional areas, we feel, that are critical to building successfully in web3 and where founders need to execute. We are going to dive deeper into what we’ve learned from these and more (including Education , Regulation and Perceptions ), plus; into what else is required and what we’re looking for.

1. Incentivisation needs to be clear, elegant and simple.

As Buckminster Fuller once said, “ You never change things by fighting the existing reality. To change something, build a new model that makes the existing model obsolete ”. In many ways, the industry has been waving tokens in the air without completely demonstrating a new model to make existing models obsolete. Behaviors and incentives need to go much deeper in their value and utility compared to the simple promise of fungible or non-fungible tokens . And that’s just acquisition! Retention of users and developers requires genuine interest in the success of protocol and token ownership beyond speculation. The ability to incentivize production and consumption through governance, utility and token economics are the instruments upon which projects will live or die. 

“Retention of users and developers requires genuine interest in the success of protocol and token ownership beyond speculation”

2. Community

This is aimed at those who are working beyond the attitude of ‘ build it and they will come’, as  community growth still requires a certain level of product-market fit and typically requires a constant feedback loop for development. Converting 1-10 super fans into 100 or 1000 true fans requires a deep understanding of user profiling, behavior and incentives and a qualitative dialogue with your core users and contributors before many successful projects are able to decentralise. You could think of it as product-led growth on steroids (and LSD)! 

3. Composability

This is where the lego blocks come in. Layer 0s like Polkadot, Cosmos and EVM-compatible chains lay the foundations for a thriving open-source mixing and matching of software components. The lego block analogy isn’t always one block on top of the next, rather the multi-sided lego that allows you to build out in a few directions - known in the Lego world as Lego SNOT (Studs Not on Top) .

We see the most examples of composability in DeFi with the amount of dApps built on Maker’s and Uniswap’s protocols, for example. These examples are very primitive, however, and we have yet to see the power of composability at scale outside of DeFi. Imagine an NBA statistics Chainlink oracle integrated with an ultra-rare Jayson Tatum digital collectible minted as an NFT on Enjin , so that Jayson Tatum’s photo changes to him dunking over LeBron James when he, well, dunks over LeBron James . Taking it further, because you own that NFT, you get access to an exclusive post-game event with Jayson Tatum in Decentraland, or better yet, a one-on-one Zoom call. That can make for a great user experience.   

4. Compounding

If you manage to build for the above (community, incentivisation and composability), you will have an ecosystem that brings users to developers and which brings developers to users; driving your product development, and in turn, triggering your flywheel. Attracting users to your protocol/dApp will also bring developers who want to build their own solutions, which in turn, brings more users. This compounding effect of developers and users -both incentivized to build on and use your platform/protocol- accrues value within your network (typically via your token). Thanks to open-source composability, an even greater flywheel can then take shape.

5. Accessibility

When we talk about ‘infrastructure’ in web3, we really mean accessibility, as the real infrastructure is made up of servers, satellites and fiber-optic cables. How users access web3 is still clunky; self-custody wallets, 12-word seed phrases, NFTs that you can’t see in your wallet without some copying and pasting of addresses, etc..  To onboard the first one billion users of web3 -because we’re somewhere between 2.5 million and 250 million users (if you count crypto addresses as indicative of a ‘web3 user’) today-, we have to get a lot better at onboarding new users. Whatever the ‘killer dApp’ is to get us to one billion users, we need the onramps, rails and tooling to be far less clunky and far more secure than they are today to facilitate the meaningful and sustained engagement with web3 dApps. 

Also, many of us used to say “do we really need another Layer 1 blockchain” when we heard about the next big Layer 1 under construction. However, we’re seeing true innovators decide that their current options for Layer 1s won’t enable them to deliver their value propositions, so they build their own Layer 1s. Once we reach the stage where true cross-chain interoperability without the rickety bridges, that cringe-factor will be no more. If you need to build a new Layer 1 to enable universal accessibility like Odsy Network , go ahead. We live in a multi-chain world, and there will be no single blockchain ruling them all.  In this context, safe and secure interoperability is a must-have, and we’d like to see a lot more of this.     

6. Education

We’re in the age of just-in-time education via YouTube when the uninitiated web3 user wants to learn about DeFi, NFTs and web3 in general, but should it really have to be that way? If some of our parents have trouble with mobile, email and general Web2 use, the thought of imploring them to use DeFi apps like Curve is unimaginable. Even though DeFi affords far higher yields on their savings than the local bank, the biggest advocates of web3 would not send their grandmother a YouTube link and suggest they drop $10K into Curve, Aave or Compound, as it’s very easy to lose everything by missing one step.  We need some type of composable educational protocol to sit on top of web3 that protects and guides the uninitiated, while we work on the level of accessibility of web3. 

7. Regulation

When something is truly decentralised, like Maker and Uniswap, regulation is difficult, as Maker and Uniswap are software rather than entities or individuals. That being said, we’ve seen recently that the US Treasury can sanction software, with the addition of Tornado Cash to OFAC sanction lists . Sanctioning something or practicing regulatory enforcement in the absence of policy are far different approaches than regulatory supervision of entities that have been authorised under a specific regime. It’s critical to understand how founders are thinking about the impact of regulation on their projects or businesses given the regulatory headwinds that the web3 community, in particular crypto, is up against.  

Nevertheless, centralised entities masquerading as decentralised crypto platforms should be regulated. The proper regulatory regimes do not exist yet to trigger firms like FTX and Celsius to strengthen their control frameworks, governance, compliance risk management and internal audit to the level required to adhere to a higher power, but they’re coming. ‘Proof-of-reserve’ and ‘Proof-of-liability’ tools and highly automated audit tools (way beyond code / smart contract audits!) are necessary to help restore confidence in some of the centralised players. Centralised platforms are needed to help drive mass adoption, but eventually, they’ll play less of a role. 

Until the time when centralised platforms play less of a role, we need better regtech tools designed around transparent crypto-specific regulatory regimes to change the tide. However, as those regulatory regimes are under development, we’re in a catch-22 situation.  Do crypto regtech startups frontrun the pending regulatory regimes like the EU’s MiCA to help drive the best practices that may become regulatory standards.  Maybe some will, but an even greater challenge is achieving clarity when regulators in different jurisdictions have different views on right vs wrong. As the regulatory topic is such a can of worms, let’s just say that we’re very curious to hear from founders on how they’re thinking about crypto regtech, without putting the ‘tech’ too far ahead of the ‘reg’.  

Unlike the LLC., currently, DAOs are also said to lack a distinct legal personality, meaning; DAOs should assume a legal ‘wrapper’ to avoid personal liability and address any gaps in governance, compliance, benefits and taxation, although such legal wrappers can naturally threaten decentralisation. So while Switzerland seems to be one of the most pro-active regulatory jurisdictions in a very narrow field, we can expect more regulatory clarity but it is important founders do their research and get proper legal advice on setting up ‘virtual organisations’. 

When it comes to tokens for DAOs, for example, the SEC in the US has found that tokens offered and sold by a "virtual" organization known as "The DAO" are securities and therefore subject to the federal securities laws ( source ), although this may not apply where full network decentralisation is achieved ( source ). 

“Unlike the LLC, currently, DAOs are also said to lack a distinct legal personality, meaning; DAOs should assume a legal ‘wrapper’ to avoid personal liability and address any gaps in governance, compliance, benefits and taxation”

8. Perceptions

Chris Dixon from a16z said “I’ve never met anyone in this space (web3) who is both informed and skeptical.”  

As less than 3% of the world’s population are crypto users, the overwhelming majority of people are uninformed and perhaps skeptical of crypto and web3. The 2022 blowups of Terra Luna, Voyager, 3AC and FTX means we have even more skeptics. 

With each of these blowups, while at a high level, we can point to a lot of bravado, what really happened at the detailed level was markedly different for each of the four. Collectively, many of the symptoms of these failures point to poor business practices that if addressed, could have prevented or at the very least, lessened the resulting losses.

Beyond the contagion risk to a number of entities that could leave a trail of destruction worse than Bernie Madoff and Enron’s lovechild, we will have the increased negative perception towards crypto for months and perhaps years ahead. Crypto has always recovered though, and it will again this time. We’re radically changing the internet as we know it and enabling virtual societies, so influencing perceptions and informing the skeptics have been par for the course since 2008, and will continue until 2045 (at least!). 

The last wave of crypto (incl. 2021 NFTs) came at a time of a ton of speculative froth in financial and asset markets. Right now, crypto and web3 aren't as shiny, so the need to demonstrate genuine utility incentive is reinforced. 

In addition to tokenomics and governance; security, nodes, primitives, storage, communications, devtools, oracles, analytics all play major roles as critical infrastructure in helping onboard the first billion users to web3. 

While Arweave (Techstars company) and Filecoin compete for storage and Chainlink (as previously mentioned) leads the frontier when it comes to offchain-onchain oracles, some key infrastructure can also include web2 plays and primitives. Companies such as Chainalysis (Techstars company) are pioneering blockchain transaction analysis, Ramp (a noncustodial, full-stack payment infrastructure that lets users buy crypto assets inside decentralised applications and websites), Thirdweb (no-code and low-code tools for web3 builders to create their own apps) or DFNS (Techstars company which splits a wallet's private key, or password, and distributes the pieces so it no longer exists in a single place) are great examples of centralised companies pushing us closer to a better and more prominent decentralised internet.

We can have a small impact on how web3 develops with our own discipline, and this starts with asking a few questions that help to distinguish between those building decentralised vs centralized propositions. How do we do that as an early stage investor in web3? It starts with a few questions:

Are you building a company or an economy? If you’re building a company, how are you enabling those building economies? 

How will your network become decentralised over time? If you’ll remain centralized, how are you enabling the decentralised internet? 

How will the value of what you’re building accrue to a network and/or community?  

If this is through a token, how does the token incentivize users to consume services on your platform and incentivize developers to build on your platform, protocol or network?

If the value of what you’re building accrues to a centralised company P&L, and you’re also launching a token, how will the value of what you’re building accrue to the company and to your network / community over time?

If the value of what you’re building accrues to a centralised company P&L and you have no plans to launch a token, see point 1.  

Across all three, we are looking for founders who are obsessed with what they are solving for. This comes across in what you can show and not just tell. Your ability to execute, to turn assumptions into a hypothesis and into further proof points is enormously important. We look for those who are already engaging their Super Fans or exercising business models with their target users. The innovation is going to be more than a technical one so if you are pre-revenue, we’re seeking out a high level of empathy and traction with your target users. You will also get a lot more out of a Techstars accelerator if you have got real users to interact with.

Focus is important but vision is crucial. Vision informs focus and we get excited by a founder who is both able to focus and unfocus, to articulate a compelling vision which will help navigate through the natural headwinds which lie ahead for any startup. We call this mental agility. 

Micklethwait & Wooldrige claim “ the idea that the company will retreat to the periphery of the economy looks farfetched” , but it is becoming easier than ever before to engage with your customers and ever more tempting for entrepreneurs to enter into loose relationships with other entrepreneurs. We are getting closer to a decentralised internet but we have a long way to go. Pete wrote in our recent program announcement that “builders gotta build” and that’s who we are here for; those bottom-up builders who are bringing the next wave of users and contributors to web3.

- Hugh & Pete

With acknowledgments & appreciation to Liang Wu, Matthew Guidarelli, Deane Barton, Caleigh Kimberley and Krist Sokoli for their considerate assistance throughout composing this thesis.

Techstars Web3 Accelerator

If you’re interested in learning more, please get started on your application here , and then get in touch by email at [email protected] and/or at [email protected] to set up some time for Web3 Office Hours. Also, check out our dashboard and follow us on Twitter and LinkedIn to learn about upcoming live events, video podcasts and AMAs. We can’t wait to hear all about what you’re building in web3, so get in touch!

About Techstars

At Techstars we have invested in more than 3,300 early-stage startups. As one of the largest pre-seed investors in the world, our portfolio is as diversified as our 7,300 founders are unique - from HealthTech and FinTech, to Web3 and CleanTech; from Miami and Silicon Valley to Lagos and London. We support many of the world's best entrepreneurs with access to capital, mentoring, finding customers, hiring talent, choosing the right infrastructure, and much more. www.techstars.com  

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A Stronger Web 3.0 Means (Strategically) Working With Centralized Entities

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The crypto industry is unlike any other space for many reasons. But perhaps the primary difference between crypto – and Web 3.0 in general – and mainstream tech or the auto industry, for example, is removing dependency on centralized, trusted authorities.

From DAOs and DEXs to DApps, DeFi (decentralized finance) is an irreplaceable tenet of crypto and blockchain – and therefore Web 3.0.

Now that traditional financial institutions – the polar opposite of decentralized organizations – seek exposure to crypto and DeFi, the industry is at a fork in the road.

Many industry voices recognize this interest in crypto as an amazing growth opportunity and can find room for compromise, while decentralization purists or ‘degens’ take a more hardline approach.

But with TradFi (traditional finance) and centralized entities creeping into Web 3.0, how can the industry maintain growth while safeguarding its core principles?

Collaboration over isolation

As we witness more partnerships and collaborations between blockchain protocols or Web 3.0 organizations with mainstream finance or other centralized entities, both sides still hold some reservations.

While TradFi wants to leverage blockchain technology to offer tokenized RWAs (real-world assets) and provide clients exposure to DeFi and top-performing tokens, there are legitimate compliance concerns alongside sizable industry sentiment that crypto is run by scammers.

On the other hand, a vocal minority of crypto enthusiasts see any outside participation by a centralized authority as an existential threat and as betraying the industry’s ethos.

However, both sides need a different perspective on the inevitable overlapping of digital and traditional assets.

Just because two entities are fundamentally opposed on almost every matter doesn’t mean they can’t find common ground when it’s mutually beneficial.

Take, for example, today’s top global superpowers – t he US and China.

These two international heavyweights are economic, political and ideological rivals, but that doesn’t prevent them from collaborating in areas such as trade and scientific research if it serves their national interests.

Between decentralization purists, speculators and idealistic builders who hold major sway over the industry’s future, they must acknowledge that the ultimate shared goal of the Web 3.0 movement is to facilitate growth and adoption.

Achieving this goal requires expanding into new territories – and forging relationships with TradFi and Web 2.0 organizations provides the path of least resistance.

Of course, to make this happen, Web 3.0 needs to meet outside partners halfway, particularly regarding legal compliance.

The space can no longer afford to operate in a regulatory void, as many of us live in the construct of the modern state where laws and standards govern everyone and everything.

Bypassing these rules sometimes worked while the industry was small and under the radar, but that is no longer the case – and this is a good thing.

Since the crypto market surpassed $2 trillion in February 2024, some might argue that the industry has proven itself already and that working with outside organizations will undermine the Web 3.0 movement.

But this would be naive.

Why look outside Web 3.0 for growth

Web 3.0 is a collection of communities that ultimately form a larger, loosely aligned movement.

It can be compared to a social movement made up of different sectors of society working together to influence change.

While each community encapsulates diverse voices and opinions, the end game of mainstream adoption remains the ultimate objective despite differing tactics on arriving there.

Internal debates on accomplishing this objective should, of course, be ongoing and strategic.

Yes, working with outside organizations – particularly traditional finance, fintechs and e-commerce – can be lucrative and mutually beneficial.

However the onus is on Web 3.0 thought leaders to find ways to communicate the value of expanding the blockchain ecosystem’s reach into these strategic domains.

Shunning centralized entities – whether a global investment firm or a mid-sized e-commerce platform – that boost innovation, remove regulatory barriers and expand user bases is simply a missed opportunity.

DeFi’s TVL (total value locked) stands at just over $90 billion  while traditional retail banking’s projected net interest income for 2024 alone will reach $8.3 trillion .

That potential added liquidity in exchange for mutually beneficial cooperation can’t be squandered.

Furthermore, centralized entities have been operating within the Web 3.0 space all along.

Although some produced scandals, it hasn’t derailed the industry – if anything, they’ve helped fuel its growth by making it easier for users to interact with digital assets.

Web 3.0 organizations – whether fully decentralized or not – owe it to the broader industry to take advantage of partnership opportunities from outside organizations if there is a clear benefit.

As TradFi and crypto players continue feeling each other out, Web 3.0 now holds the leverage to dictate the nature of these collaborations and partnerships.

Web 3.0’s infrastructure and protocols are attracting outside players. And blockchain’s novelty and potential enables game-changing efficiency such as instant settlement, peer-to-peer transactions, reduced counter-party risk and seamless cross-border value transfers that entice Web 2.0 organizations and the financial world.

The Web 3.0 industry must cooperate with outside parties because they can boost the industry’s legal standing and make increasingly relevant compliance more efficient.

Further supporting this claim is the sheer fact that the masses still are TradFi and Web 2.0 users. This means achieving growth requires flexibility and easy solutions and mechanisms to reach the walled-off majority.

Connecting with centralized entities now as opposed to down the road allows Web 3.0 to maintain a stronger position and will create the needed network effect, accelerate adoption and turn siloed crypto innovations into pervasive features of everyone’s daily life.

Eitan Katz is the CEO and co-founder of Kima . Prior to Kima, Eitan served as a seasoned executive with a distinguished background and leadership roles with the IDF, HP, HPE and BMC. His list of accomplishments includes building HP’s Global Innovation and Incubation program, leading HPE’s Enterprise Mobile platform, and being a 3X founder, as well as a founding member of Aegis, the first MPC-based Bitcoin wallet.

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ChatX - AI Chat Client Top 17+

Ai assistent, 4.o version api.

• 4.6 • 36 Ratings
• Offers In-App Purchases

Screenshots

Description.

ChatX is a powerful AI chat client powered by the most advanced 3.5 and 4.o model. With our high-speed API servers, you can use AI to generate any content anytime, anywhere, to boost your work and life efficiency. 【Key Features】 - Words Mode: Spend only for what you use, never waste a word - Prompt Collections: Easily start every conversation, advanced prompts available - Quick-switch New Conversations: Flexibly control context lines - Quick Phrases: Boost your dialogues with a single click to send - High-speed API servers: Experience ultimate speed, boundless access, and customization support - API Mode: Check your monthly usage - Token Calculator: Real-time financial calculations, know your consumption details - Image Generation: Official Beta interface for creating images with text - Shortcuts: URL Scheme & Siri 【Chat Experience Enhanced】 - AI Parameters: Model, creative temperature, dialogue memory, conversation length - TTS Auto Speech: Auto language detection, speed of reading settings - Chat Control: Pause and resume generation - Chat Management: Icon settings, pinning, order adjustment - Message Enhancement: Select text, resend, rewrite, share - Casual Chatting: Start a conversation anytime, anywhere - Others: Haptic feedback, chat font size 【Advanced Features】 - Support newest Gemini model - iCloud Multi-device Auto Sync: Sync your chat lists and settings - macOS & iPad Keyboard Support: Use shortcut keys to send messages - Lock Screen Widgets: Quick lock screen launch - URL Schemes: Call shortcut commands Encourage us with five stars, More powerful features will be developed. Also, feedback are welcome to tell us on Twitter:@AppChatX / [email protected]

Version 100.4.8

- Fix: Bug where Markdown text was being cut off - Fix: Fixed a potential crash

Ratings and Reviews

Has check in rewards and a 5 star special reward (not sure what it is)

So incredibly helpful. Especially if you use it to communicate via text message. You can find this other app called one tap that lets you build a custom keyboard for your iPhone with shortcut keys and links and stuff and you can use this app to write with..I usually talk-to-text so I’ll spit whatever information it is that I’m giving a person, tell them what I need to tell them in my own words and this app here will change what yer saying in real time and make you sound like you went to Harvard. Weather you wana be funny, serious, concerned, excited, curious, this app allows you to express those things in the best possible way. I love it. P.S. I did not write this review using the app lol

I would like to give a full score and a positive review to the app called ChatX. The main reason is that it directly provides proxy services, allowing me to use it with just an API. Moreover, the app has done an excellent job in encapsulating model parameters and other information, which prevents users from feeling lost when making selections. However, I would also like to provide some feedback to the author, suggesting enhancements in terms of UI design to make it more visually appealing. Additionally, I hope the author can consider adding more keyboards and integrating Siri to make the system even more intelligent.

App Privacy

The developer, 自力 黄 , indicated that the app’s privacy practices may include handling of data as described below. For more information, see the developer’s privacy policy .

Data Not Collected

The developer does not collect any data from this app.

Privacy practices may vary, for example, based on the features you use or your age. Learn More

Information

English, Arabic, Dutch, French, German, Greek, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Simplified Chinese, Spanish, Thai, Traditional Chinese, Turkish

• Add Words Pack 1 $0.99
• Pro (Lifetime) $0.00
• Add Words Pack 2 $3.99
• Add Words Pack 3 $7.99
• Add Words Pack 4 $17.99
• Developer Website
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Some in‑app purchases, including subscriptions, may be shareable with your family group when family sharing is enabled., more by this developer.

Lock Launcher - Screen Widgets

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European Championship

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Turkey vs Portugal live updates: 3-0 win secures progression to Euro 2024 knockouts for Portuguese

Next up: Belgium vs Romania

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Two down, one to go on the second Saturday at Euro 2024.

And the last game of the day is a big one as Belgium look to bounce back from their disappointing first group-stage defeat in Cologne,

They face a Romania side buoyed by their 3-0 demolition of Ukraine in matchday one.

You can follow our live coverage of Belgium vs Romania here .

The Briefing: Turkey 0-3 Portugal

• How Ronaldo missed two of his side's three goals
• Another own goal - the most calamitous yet?
• Martine's side starting to live up to pre-tournament billing

The Athletic's Tim Spiers and Jacob Whitehead analyse the key talking points from Portugal's 3-0 win over Turkey — check it out below.

Turkey 0 Portugal 3: Win secures top spot, Ronaldo’s mixed emotions and a calamitous own goal

Player of the Match: Bernardo Silva

Bernardo Silva in the recipient of UEFA's Player of the Match award, and there won't be too many arguments with that.

It could have been given to a number of Portugal players but the Manchester City man scored the opening goal, created four chances for his team-mates and completed 48 of his 52 attempted passes.

A worthy winner.

Portugal confirmed as Group F winners

And that 3-0 victory confirms Portugal's position as Group F winners having accumulated six points from their two opening games. They will face one of the third-place finishers in the last 16.

Turkey, meanwhile, are still in a strong position to progress to the last 16 but will need a result against Czech Republic.

Staggering longevity

Cristiano Ronaldo has now played at the European Championship alongside someone born in 1969 and someone born in 2004:

• Born in 1969: Fernando Couto at Euro 2004
• Born in 2004: Joao Neves at Euro 2024

It ends 3-0 to Portugal

There's the final whistle and a fifth pitch invader attempts to get to Ronaldo but stumbles en route and is apprehended. The level of security has been a joke today.

Job done by Portugal but Turkey know it's crunch time against the Czech Republic next.

A fourth pitch invader gets a punch for his troubles

90+4' Turkey 0-3 Portugal

This time a steward actually does something about the intrusion and lands an uppercut on the culprit. Ouch.

Another pitch invader

90+3' Turkey 0-3 Portugal

Yet another pitch invader and Ronaldo is not happy. Understandably.

There will be 5 minutes of added time

90' Turkey 0-3 Portugal

Ronaldo has been so unselfish today and has really helped his side enormously.

Five minutes more to play here.

Vitinha withdrawn

88' Turkey 0-3 Portugal

Vitinha is replaced by the teenager Joao Neves.

Pepe applauded by both sets of fans

85' Turkey 0-3 Portugal

Antonio Silva on for Pepe and the latter gets a standing ovation from both sets of supporters, what a magnificent footballer he is. He just reads the game with such ease.

Another pitch invader gets close to Ronaldo and neither he nor his manager seem as amused as they were when it was a child earlier in the half.

If only the security stopped anyone getting through as effectively as Pepe.

Another selfie-hunter on the pitch

84' Turkey 0-3 Portugal

Another Ronaldo selfie-hunter runs onto the pitch, but this time it's a) while play was going on so the game has to stop and b) he's about six feet tall, so doesn't quite have the same adorable child factor as the first.

Ronaldo pointedly doesn't pose for the selfie this time, and the pitch invader is led off. Someone throws a cup of liquid at him from the stands. Rough one.

Portugal continuing to work hard

80' Turkey 0-3 Portugal

The Portuguese players seem determined to keep a clean sheet and there's a professionalism about their work this half that is to be applauded.

Pepe is there every single time Turkey get the ball into the box. It's hard to believe this man is in his 40s.

Akaydin injured

75' Turkey 0-3 Portugal

Akaydin completes his miserable afternoon by hobbling off with an injury and is replaced by Demiral.

He can't do any worse than the man he's coming on for.

Changes for both sides

70' Turkey 0-3 Portugal

A boy of six or seven manages to evade security and get a selfie with Ronaldo and receives a standing ovation for his troubles.

Semedo replaces Cancelo for Portugal while Real Madrid's Guler comes on for Akgun.

Portugal conserving energy

66' Turkey 0-3 Portugal

The Portuguese seem perfectly happy to let Turkey have the ball at the moment because the Turks don't look threatening in the slightest.

Portugal have bigger tests to come at this tournament and they look like they could go far.

A remarkable statistic

63' Turkey 0-3 Portugal

Presuming Portugal see out this victory, they will have won more games in 90 minutes at Euro 2024 than they did during the entirety of their victorious Euro 2016 campaign.

What next for Portugal?

60' Turkey 0-3 Portugal

The winner of this group could end up taking on France or the Netherlands next.

Fernandes makes it 3-0!

55' Turkey 0-3 Portugal

Neves with a lovely through ball that finds Ronaldo in acres of space. Astonishingly, an utterly selfless Ronaldo squares the ball to his former Manchester United teammate to tap the ball into an empty net.

Ronaldo timed his run to perfection but Turkey have defended very poorly here.

That is surely that.

Turkey work the keeper

54' Turkey 0-2 Portugal

Yazici, on for Kokcu, tries his luck from range but it's easily saved by Costa.

They need to make something happen and fast.

The Earthquake Event Page application supports most recent browsers, view supported browsers . Or, try our Real-time Notifications, Feeds, and Web Services .

クリスティアーノ・ロナウドの育ての親が語る「生まれながらのピッチの王様」 ポルトガルのユーロ2024制覇も視野に

• 小宮良之●文 text by Komiya Yoshiyuki

　６月22日、ユーロ2024のグループＦでは、前々回の欧州王者であるポルトガルが、伏兵トルコを３－０と鮮やかに撃破した。初戦はチェコを後半アディショナルタイムの逆転弾で下しており、決勝トーナメント進出を早々に決めている。

　そのポルトガルをけん引するのが、20年以上、代表でプレーするクリスティアーノ・ロナウド（アル・ナスル）である。

　39歳になったストライカー、ロナウドに、全盛期の爆発的スプリント力は失われている。しかし、点取り屋としての執念と感覚は経験で増幅され、人並外れたレベルにある。ゴールへの道筋が見えているのだ。

　2023－24シーズン、ロナウドはサウジアラビアリーグの得点王に輝いている。アジアチャンピオンズリーグなどのカップ戦も含めると、44得点を記録。トップリーグではないが、ゴールし続けることができるのは特筆すべき集中力であり、人並み外れたゴールマシンとも言える。

　昨年、ポルトガル代表として戦ったユーロの予選でも、９試合で10得点を記録している。サウジアラビアでプレーすることでコンディション的に摩耗せず、ハイレベルでのプレーへの飢餓感もあるのか、離れ業と言えるだろう。代表のセンターフォワードとしてはパリ・サンジェルマンのゴンサロ・ラモスやレアル・ソシエダのアンドレ・シルバがライバル視されていたが、まったく寄せつけないほどの活躍だ。

　そして、今回のユーロ本大会でも抜群の存在感を放っている。

　強運を呼び込む選手としても知られるが、１点リードで迎えた前半28分の"怪現象"はそのひとつだった。カンセロからのスルーパスを足元でもらいたかったところだが、スペースに出されたことに、ロナウドは怒りを露にしていた。しかし、それに相手が混乱したのか、ディフェンダーのバックパスがそのままオウンゴールに。一転、カンセロを抱きしめて喜びの笑顔で得点を祝った。

• 次のページへ 【「育ての親」が語った少年時代】「メンタルお化け」　ロナウドはそう言われるが、「勝利への貪欲さ」という点で、怪物的と言える。そうでなかったら、時代を背負う選手にはなっていないだろう。　今から20
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