how to cite a book chapter in an essay

Author(s) of chapter – family name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (Year). Title of chapter. In Editor(s) – initial(s) and family name - of book (Ed. OR Eds.), (pp. Page numbers). Publisher. DOI or Web address (if available)

Format for 2 editors - Initial(s) and family name & Initial(s) and family name: eg. A. B. Smith & C. Jones (Eds)

Format for 3 or more editors - Initial(s) and family name, Initial(s) and family name, & Initial and family name:
eg. A. B. Smith, C. Jones, & D. E. McDonald (Eds) 
-

(Rattan, 2019)

Use the , not the editors of the book

Treat multiple authors in as

Rattan, A. (2019). How lay theories (or mindsets) shape the confrontation of prejudice. In R. K. Mallett & M. J. Monteith (Eds.),  (pp. 121-140). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814715-3.00008-4

Author(s) of section – family name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (Year of publication). Title of section.  DOI or Web address (if available)

(Engelhard, 2001)

Engelhard (2001) has argued that ....

Englehard, G. (2001). Review of the closed high school placement test. In B. S. Plake & J. C. Impara (Eds.), http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mmt&AN=test.2083&site=ehost-live

Book chapter

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APA Citation Style (7th ed.): Citing a Book or Book Chapter

• In-text Citations
• Citing a Journal or Magazine Article
• Citing a Book or Book Chapter
• Citing a Webpage
• Citing an Online Report
• Formatting Your APA Paper

More examples from APA Style website

• Citing Textual Works See examples of how to cite: periodicals; books and reference works; edited book chapters; reports and gray literature; conference presentations and proceedings; dissertations and theses.

Basic Format: Book

    basic format:     author, a.a. (year).  title of book.  publisher. https://doi.org/xxxx.

1. Author(s).  Note: List each author's last name and initials as Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. Use an ampersand (&) before the final author's name. 2. (Year). 3. Title of the book.  Note: For works that stand alone (e.g. books, reports), italicize the title. Only capitalize the first word of the title and subtitle and any proper nouns. 4. (Edition).  Note: If there is an edition or volume, include it in parentheses and use abbreviations of ed. or vol. 5. Publisher.  Note: You do not need to include the publisher location or databases where you retrieved it. 6. DOI  If the book includes a DOI, include it in the reference after the publisher name.  Note:  If the book doesn't have a DOI and is an ebook from an academic database, end the reference after the publisher name. 

Schmidt, N.A., & Brown, J. M. (2019).  Evidence-based practice for nurses: Appraisal and application of research.  (4th ed.).       Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Book Citation: Edited Book

Basic Format:

Editor, A. A. (Ed.). (Year). Title of book. (Edition). Publisher.

Peate, I., & Wild, K. (Eds.). (2018).  Nursing Practice: Knowledge and care.  (2nd ed.). Wiley.

Book Chapter with Editor(s)

When citing information from a book chapter, the citation will include information about the book chapter as well as the entire book.  Make sure you have included all of the required elements.

1. Author(s).  Note: List each chapter author's last name and initials as Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. Use an ampersand (&) before the final author's name. 2.   (Year). 3.  Title of the chapter.  Note: For works that are part of a greater whole (e.g. articles, chapter), use sentence case. Only the first word of the title and subtitle and proper nouns are capitalized. 4.   In Editor(s),  Note: List each editor's last name and initials as A. A. Editor, B. B. Editor, & C. C. Editors, include (Ed.) or (Eds.) in parentheses, and end with a comma. 5.   Title of the book  Note: For works that stand alone (e.g. books, reports), italicize the title. Only capitalize the first word of the title and subtitle and any proper nouns. 6.   (pp.xx-xx). 7.  Publisher.  Note: You do not need to include the publisher location or databases where you retrieved it.

Simonds, B. (2012). Methodists (Wesleyans). In Taylor, E.J. (Ed.),  Religion: A clinical guide for nurses  (pp. 197-203).      Springer Publishing Company, LLC.

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APA Citation Style, 6th Edition: Chapter in a Book

• One Author/Editor
• Two Authors/Editors
• Three to Five Authors/Editors
• Chapter in a Book
• Edition Other Than the First
• Electronic Books
• Journal Article with One Author
• Journal Article with Two Authors
• Journal Article with Three to Six Authors
• Journal Article with Seven or More Authors
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• Magazine Articles
• Newspaper Article
• Reference List

Citing a Book Chapter: Print Version

(this libguide is for apa 6th edition, click   here   to visit our new   apa 7th edition libguide ).

General Format:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):

(Author's Last Name of Chapter, year)

In-Text Citation (Direct Quote):

(Author's Last Name of Chapter, year, page number)

References:

Chapter Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Chapter or article title. In Editor First Initial. Second Initial. Editor Last Name (Ed.).   Book title: Subtitle (edition number if not the first, pages of chapter). Location of publication: Publisher.

In-text Citation (Paraphrase):

(Murphy, 2014)

In-text Citation (Direct Quote):

(Murphy, 2014, p. 52)

Murphy, D.J., Jr. (2014). Coarctation of the aorta. In D.S. Moodie (Ed.). Clinical management of congenital heart disease: From infancy to adulthood  (pp. 142-170). Minneapolis, Minnesota: Cardiotext Publishing.

Citing a Book Chapter: Electronic Version

Chapter Author's Last Name , First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Chapter or article title. In Editor First Initial. Second Initial. Editor Last Name (Ed.).   Book title: Subtitle (number of edition if not the first, pages of chapter).   Location of publication: Publisher. doi (if applicable)

(Ebbesen, 2011)

In-text Citation (Direct Quote)

(Ebbesen, 2011, p. 172)

Ebbesen, M. (2011). Cross cultural principles for bioethics. In G.D. Gargiulo & A. McEwan (Eds.).  Advanced biomedical engineering (pp.157-183). InTech. doi:  10.5772/1017

Carrie Forbes, MLS

Page References

Citation information has been adapted from the APA Manual (6th Edition). Please refer to page 203 of the APA Manual (6th Edition) for more information.

Helpful Tips

Suffixes like "Jr." or "III" are not included in in-text citations but are included in the reference list.

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Citation guides

All you need to know about citations

How to cite a chapter in a book in APA

To cite a chapter in a book in a reference entry in APA style 6th edition include the following elements:

• Author(s) of the chapter: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson, J. D.) of up to seven authors with the last name preceded by an ampersand (&). For eight or more authors include the first six names followed by an ellipsis (…) and add the last author's name.
• Year of publication: Give the year in brackets followed by a full stop.
• Chapter title: Only the first letter of the first word and proper nouns are capitalized.
• Editor(s) or Author of the book: Give the name of the author or editor of the book. If it is an editor, write the name (e.g. J. Smith), followed by (Ed.) or (Eds.) respectively. If not available, omit this part.
• Title of the book: Book titles are italicized. Only the first letter of the first word and proper nouns are capitalised.
• Page numbers: Give the full page range.
• Place of publication: List the city and the US state using the two-letter abbreviation. Spell out country names if outside of the UK or the USA.
• Publisher: Give the name of the publisher but omit terms, such as Publishers, Co., and Inc. Retain the words Books and Press.

Here is the basic format for a reference list entry of a chapter in a book in APA style 6th edition:

Author(s) of the chapter . ( Year of publication ). Chapter title . In Editor(s) or Author of the book (Eds.), Title of the book (pp. Page numbers ). Place of publication : Publisher .

To cite a chapter in a book in a reference entry in APA style 7th edition include the following elements:

• Author(s) of the chapter: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson, J. D.) of up to 20 authors with the last name preceded by an ampersand (&). For 21 or more authors include the first 19 names followed by an ellipsis (…) and add the last author's name.
• Editor(s) of the book: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson, J. D.) of up to 20 editors with the last name preceded by an ampersand (&). For 21 or more editors include the first 19 names followed by an ellipsis (…) and the last editor’s name. End with Ed. or Eds., respectively, in round brackets.
• Title of book: Book titles are italicized. Only the first letter of the first word and proper nouns are capitalised.
• Edition number: Include information about the edition if it is not the first.

Here is the basic format for a reference list entry of a chapter in a book in APA style 7th edition:

Author(s) of the chapter . ( Year of publication ). Chapter title . In Editor(s) of the book (Eds.), Title of book ( Edition number ed., pp. Page numbers ). Publisher .

APA reference list examples

Take a look at our reference list examples that demonstrate the APA style guidelines for a chapter in a book citation in action:

A chapter from a book of short stories with one editor

Edgeworth, M . ( 2010 ). The limerick gloves . In W. Trevor (Ed.) , The Oxford book of Irish short stories ( pp. 27–51 ). Oxford UK : Oxford UP .

Edgeworth, M . ( 2010 ). The limerick gloves . In W. Trevor (Ed.) , The Oxford book of Irish short stories ( pp. 27–51 ). Oxford UP .

A chapter from a book with two editors

Bengtson, D. A . ( 2003 ). Status of marine aquaculture in relation to live prey: Past, present and future . In J. G. Støttrup & L. A. McEvoy (Eds.) , Live feeds in marine aquaculture ( pp. 1-16 ). Oxford UK : Blackwell Science .

Bengtson, D. A . ( 2003 ). Status of marine aquaculture in relation to live prey: Past, present and future . In J. G. Støttrup & L. A. McEvoy (Eds.) , Live feeds in marine aquaculture ( pp. 1-16 ). Blackwell Science .

This citation style guide is based on the official Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association ( 6 th edition).

More useful guides

• OWL Purdue APA style guide on books
• Victoria University APA referencing guide on books
• Columbia College APA LibGuide on books

More great BibGuru guides

• MLA: how to cite an online journal article
• APA: how to cite a blog post
• AMA: how to cite a translated book

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How to Cite a Book Chapter

Last Updated: May 21, 2024 References

This article was co-authored by Cara Barker, MA . Cara Barker is an Assistant Professor and Research and Instruction Librarian at Hunter Library at Western Carolina University. She received her Masters in Library and Information Sciences from the University of Washington in 2014. She has over 16 years of experience working with libraries across the United States. There are 10 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been viewed 44,596 times.

Citing a book chapter may seem like a difficult task to tackle, but with the right guidelines it’s a piece of cake! First choose which style you want to cite in – most likely it will be MLA, APA, or Chicago style. Be sure to include all of the required information – like publication info, the author and editor, and the title of both the book chapter and the book itself. Citing a book chapter is different than citing an entire book because it requires additional information like the title of the book chapter, the name of the editor, and the page range of the chapter.

Citation Help

Citing a Book Chapter in MLA Format

• For example: Many scholars believe it is important to “help the student talk about his or her fears” (Harris 29).
• For book chapters with 2 authors, list both last names, separated by the word “and.” For example: (Harris and Smith 29).
• For book chapters with 3 or more authors, just include the first listed author followed by the phrase “et al” and a period. For example: (Harris et al. 29).

• For example: “Harris, Muriel.”
• Make sure your entry is listed in alphabetical order by the author’s last name.
• If there are 2 authors, include both names in the same format (last name, first name) separated by an “and.” For example: “Harris, Muriel and Smith, John.”
• For a book chapter with 3 or more authors, include just the first author’s name, followed by a comma and the phrase “et al.” For example: “Harris, Muriel, et al.”

• For example: “Harris, Muriel. “Talk to Me: Engaging Reluctant Writers.””
• Make sure to capitalize all major words in the titles.
• If the title of the book chapter includes a word or phrase in quotation marks, you’ll need to use the double quote mark (“) around the entire chapter title and the single quote mark (‘) around the words within the title that appear in quotes. For example: “Talk to Me: ‘Engaging’ Reluctant Writers.”

• For example: “Harris, Muriel. “Talk to Me: Engaging Reluctant Writers.” A Tutor’s Guide: Helping Writers One to One ,”

• For example: “Harris, Muriel. “Talk to Me: Engaging Reluctant Writers.” A Tutor’s Guide: Helping Writers One to One , edited by Ben Rafoth,”
• If there are 2 editors, list both with “and” between them. For example: “edited by Ben Rafoth and Sam Smith,”
• If there are 3 or more editors, list each name separated by a comma, with “and” before the last name. For example: “edited by Ben Rafoth, Sam Smith, and Bob Brown,”
• If there is no editor, just move on to the next step.

• For example: “Harris, Muriel. “Talk to Me: Engaging Reluctant Writers.” A Tutor’s Guide: Helping Writers One to One , edited by Ben Rafoth, Heinemann, 2000, pp.24-34.”

Citing a Book Chapter in APA Format

• For example: Many scholars believe it is important to “help the student talk about his or her fears” (Harris, 2000, p. 29).
• For a chapter with 2 authors, include both author’s last names in the in-text citation, separated by an ampersand (&). For example: (Harris & Smith, 2000, p. 29).
• For a chapter with 3-5 authors, list all of the authors’ names, separated by commas, and include an ampersand before the last name. For example: (Harris, Smith, & Thomas, 2000, p. 29).
• For a chapter with 6 or more authors, you’ll just include the first author’s last name and the phrase “et al” followed by a period. For example: (Harris et al., 2000, p. 29).
• If you include the author’s name and/or the publication date in the sentence preceding the quote, you can omit them from the parenthetical citation.
• For example: According to Muriel Harris (2000), it is important to “help the student talk about his or her fears” (p. 29).

• For example: “Harris, M. (2000).”
• For a chapter with 2 authors, list both names in the same order (last name, first initial), separated by a comma and an ampersand. For example: “Harris, M., & Smith, J. (2000).”
• For a chapter with 3-7 authors, list each name in the same way, separated by a comma, with an ampersand preceding the last name. For example: “Harris, M., Smith, J., & Thomas, E. (2000).”
• For a chapter with more than 7 authors, list the first 6 in the same way, then add an ellipsis (…) and list the last author’s name. For example: “Harris, M., Smith, J., Thomas, E., Jones, D., Hale, B., Brown, H.,…Johnson, L. (2000).”
• Be sure to list the citation in alphabetical order on your References page.

• For example: “Harris, M. (2000). Talk to me: Engaging reluctant writers.”

• For example: “Harris, M. (2000). Talk to me: Engaging reluctant writers. In B. Rafoth (Ed.), A tutor’s guide: Helping writers one to one ”
• If there are 2 editors, list both names with an ampersand between them and add an “s” to (Eds.). For example: “In B. Rafoth & S. Smith (Eds.),”
• If there are 3 or more editors, list all names separated by commas, with an ampersand before the last one. Also add an “s” to (Eds.). For example: “In B. Rafoth, S. Smith, & B. Jones (Eds.),”

• For example: “Harris, M. (2000). Talk to me: Engaging reluctant writers. In B. Rafoth (Ed.), A tutor’s guide: Helping writers one to one (pp. 24-34). London, United Kingdom: Heinemann.”

Citing a Book Chapter in Footnotes for Chicago Manual Style

• Format: Author First M. Last Name,
• Example: Ruth A. Miller,

• Format: Author First M. Last Name, "Chapter Title,"
• Example: Ruth A. Miller, “Posthuman,”

• Format: Author First M. Last Name, "Chapter Title," in Book Title ,
• Example: Ruth A. Miller, “Posthuman,” in Critical Terms for the Study of Gender ,

• Format: Author First M. Last Name, "Chapter Title," in Book Title , ed. First M. Last Name
• Example: Ruth A. Miller, “Posthuman,” in Critical Terms for the Study of Gender , ed. Catharine R. Stimpson and Gilbert Herdt

• Format: Author First M. Last Name, "Chapter Title," in Book Title , ed. First M. Last Name (Place of Publication: Publisher, date),
• Example: Ruth A. Miller, “Posthuman,” in Critical Terms for the Study of Gender , ed. Catharine R. Stimpson and Gilbert Herdt (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2014),

• Format: Author First M. Last Name, "Chapter Title," in Book Title , ed. First M. Last Name (Place of Publication: Publisher, date), page cited.
• Example: Ruth A. Miller, “Posthuman,” in Critical Terms for the Study of Gender , ed. Catharine R. Stimpson and Gilbert Herdt (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2014), 325.

Creating a Reference Listing for Chicago Manual Style

• For a chapter with 2 or more authors, list the first name in the same order (last name, first name), then each subsequent name in the order “first name last name,” separated by commas, with “and” before the last name. For example: “Harris, Muriel, and Bill Jones.”
• The citation should be listed alphabetically by the author’s last name in accordance with your other entries.

• For example: “Harris, Muriel. “Talk to Me: Engaging Reluctant Writers.” In A Tutor’s Guide: Helping Writers One to One ,”

• For example: “Harris, Muriel. “Talk to Me: Engaging Reluctant Writers.” In A Tutor’s Guide: Helping Writers One to One , edited by Ben Rafoth, 24-34.”

• For example: “Harris, Muriel. “Talk to Me: Engaging Reluctant Writers.” In A Tutor’s Guide: Helping Writers One to One , edited by Ben Rafoth, 24-34. London: Heinemann, 2000.”

Expert Q&A

You might also like.

• ↑ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/02/
• ↑ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/05/
• ↑ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/06/
• ↑ http://irsc.libguides.com/c.php?g=146579&p=963296
• ↑ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/08/
• ↑ https://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2012/03/title-case-and-sentence-case-capitalization-in-apa-style.html
• ↑ http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2011/02/books-and-book-chapters-what-to-cite.html
• ↑ http://libguides.heidelberg.edu/chicago/book/chapter
• ↑ https://politics.ucsc.edu/undergraduate/chicago%20style%20guide.pdf
• ↑ http://library.ship.edu/c.php?g=21703&p=127127

About This Article

To cite a book chapter in MLA, put the author’s last name, followed by the page number the quote appears on in parentheses at the end of the quote. Additionally, create an entry in the Works Cited page, starting with the author’s last name, followed by a comma and their first name. After their name, list the title of the chapter in quotes, and add a period inside the final quotation marks. Then, list the book’s title in italics, add a comma, and include the editor’s first and last names. Finally, list the publisher’s name, the year of publication, and the pages of the chapter, prefaced by “pp.” For more advice from our Librarian co-author, including how to cite a chapter in APA or Chicago style, keep reading! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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MLA Citation (7th edition)

• Citing a book

Basic Chapter or Essay in a Collection

Chapter in an edited book, another part of a book.

• Citing a journal or magazine article
• Citing a newspaper article
• Citing a Website
• MLA Resources

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Author.  "Title of Chapter or Essay."  Title of Book or Anthology .  Name of  editor of book cited.   Publication information.  Page

          numbers of  cited  essay.  Publication medium .

Macdonald, Nancy.  Introduction.   Graffiti  Women:  Street  Art from Five  Continents.  By Nicholas   Ganz.  New  York: Abrams, 2006.  12-

          13.  Print.

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• How to Cite a Book in Chicago Style | Format & Examples

How to Cite a Book in Chicago Style | Format & Examples

Published on May 10, 2021 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on April 9, 2024.

The basic formats for citing a book in a Chicago footnote and a bibliography entry are as follows:

Short notes always follow the same basic format. Full notes and bibliography entries contain additional information if the book specifies an edition, translator, or editor, and follow a specific format when citing an individual chapter in a book.

Note that book citations look slightly different in Chicago author-date style . In both cases, make sure to pay attention to the punctuation (e.g., commas , quotation marks , and periods) in your notes and citations.

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Table of contents

Citing a specific edition, translated books, citing a chapter from a book, e-books and online books, citing books in chicago author-date style, frequently asked questions about chicago style citations.

Scholarly books often come in different editions with important differences in content. When edition information (e.g., “Second Edition,” “Revised Edition”) is stated on the cover and/or title page of the book, it should be included in your citation.

Edition information is always abbreviated and followed by a period (e.g., “2nd ed.” or “rev. ed.”).

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When a book is translated from another language, it’s important to identify the translator as well as the author. “Translated by” is abbreviated to “trans.” in the citation.

In the bibliography, the words “Translated by” are written in full. The translator’s name is not inverted, unlike that of the author.

When referring to a chapter from a multi-authored book (such as an essay collection or anthology), cite the specific chapter rather than the whole book. This means listing the author and title of the chapter first, then providing information about the book as a whole.

The editor’s name is preceded by “ed.” in a note and by “edited by” in the bibliography. A page range is included in the bibliography entry to show the location of the chapter in the book.

A short note just lists the chapter title, not that of the book, and omits the editor’s name.

When citing a book you accessed online or in the form of an e-book, simply add relevant information about its format or location to the end of your citation.

Note that books in these formats might lack reliable page numbers. If there are no page numbers, or page numbers that would look different for another user, use another locator in your notes instead, such as a chapter number.

For an online book, add the URL or DOI where it can be accessed.

For an e-book, add the format or device name (e.g., “Kindle,” “iBooks”). You don’t need to add a URL or DOI in this case.

Prevent plagiarism. Run a free check.

In author-date style , books are cited with brief in-text citations corresponding to entries in a reference list. A reference list looks the same as a bibliography, except that the year is placed directly after the author’s name.

• Translation
• Online book

In a Chicago style footnote , list up to three authors. If there are more than three, name only the first author, followed by “ et al. “

In the bibliography , list up to 10 authors. If there are more than 10, list the first seven followed by “et al.”

The same rules apply in Chicago author-date style .

To automatically generate accurate Chicago references, you can use Scribbr’s free Chicago reference generator .

Page numbers should be included in your Chicago in-text citations when:

• You’re quoting from the text.
• You’re paraphrasing a particular passage.
• You’re referring to information from a specific section.

When you’re referring to the overall argument or general content of a source, it’s unnecessary to include page numbers.

In Chicago notes and bibliography style , the usual standard is to use a full note for the first citation of each source, and short notes for any subsequent citations of the same source.

However, your institution’s guidelines may differ from the standard rule. In some fields, you’re required to use a full note every time, whereas in some other fields you can use short notes every time, as long as all sources are listed in your bibliography . If you’re not sure, check with your instructor.

• A reference list is used with Chicago author-date citations .
• A bibliography is used with Chicago footnote citations .

Both present the exact same information; the only difference is the placement of the year in source citations:

• In a reference list entry, the publication year appears directly after the author’s name.
• In a bibliography entry, the year appears near the end of the entry (the exact placement depends on the source type).

There are also other types of bibliography that work as stand-alone texts, such as a Chicago annotated bibliography .

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Caulfield, J. (2024, April 09). How to Cite a Book in Chicago Style | Format & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved June 18, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/chicago-style/book-citations/

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In-Text Citations

In scholarly writing, it is essential to acknowledge how others contributed to your work. By following the principles of proper citation, writers ensure that readers understand their contribution in the context of the existing literature—how they are building on, critically examining, or otherwise engaging the work that has come before.

APA Style provides guidelines to help writers determine the appropriate level of citation and how to avoid plagiarism and self-plagiarism.

We also provide specific guidance for in-text citation, including formats for interviews, classroom and intranet sources, and personal communications; in-text citations in general; and paraphrases and direct quotations.

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Instructional Aids

Guides, checklists, webinars, tutorials, and sample papers for anyone looking to improve their knowledge of APA Style

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Cite a Book

Don't let plagiarism errors spoil your paper

Citing books in apa, print books with one author:.

APA citation format:

Author Last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Year Published). Title of work . Publisher.

Moriarty, L. (2014). Big little lies . G. P. Putnam’s Sons.

Print books with two or more authors:

Last name, First initial. Middle initial., Last name, First initial. Middle initial., & Last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Date). Title . Publisher.

Goldin, C. D., & Katz, L. F. (2008). The race between education and technology . Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.

Matthews, G., Smith, Y., & Knowles, G. (2009). Disaster management in archives, libraries and museums . Ashgate.

Full versions of E-books:

E-books are generally read either on a website, on an e-reader, or on a database.

Author Last Name, First initial. Middle initial. (Year Published). Title of work . https://doi.org/xxxx or http://xxxx

Auster, P. (2007). The Brooklyn follies . http://www.barnesandnoble.com/

To cite your ebooks automatically, use the “Book” form at CitationMachine.com, click “Manual entry mode,” and click the “E-book” tab. Everything will be properly formatted following APA bibliography guidelines.

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Purdue Online Writing Lab Purdue OWL® College of Liberal Arts

Reference List: Books

Welcome to the Purdue OWL

This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice.

Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use.

Note:  This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style  can be found here .

The following contains a list of the most commonly cited print book sources. E-books are described on our "Electronic Sources" page . For a complete list of how to cite print sources, please refer to the 7 th edition of the APA Publication Manual. 

Note: If available, APA 7 requires a DOI for all works that have one — whether print or digital. If a print work does not have a DOI do not include it in the reference citation.

Basic Format for Books

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle . Publisher Name. DOI (if available)

Stoneman, R. (2008). Alexander the Great: A life in legend . Yale University Press.

Edited Book, No Author

Editor, E. E. (Ed.). (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle . Publisher. DOI (if available)

Leitch, M. G., & Rushton, C. J. (Eds.). (2019).  A new companion to Malory . D. S. Brewer.

Edited Book with an Author or Authors

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (E. Editor, Ed.). Publisher. DOI (if available)

Malory, T. (2017). Le morte darthur (P. J. C. Field, Ed.). D. S. Brewer. (Original work published 1469-70)

A Translation

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (T. Translator, Trans.). Publisher. (Original work published YEAR) DOI (if available)

Plato (1989). Symposium (A. Nehamas & P. Woodruff, Trans.). Hackett Publishing Company. (Original work published ca. 385-378 BCE)

Note : When you cite a republished work, like the one above, in your text, it should appear with both dates: Plato (385-378/1989)

Edition Other Than the First

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (# edition). Publisher. DOI (if available)

Belcher, W. (2019). Writing your journal article in twelve weeks: A guide to academic publishing success (2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press.

Article or Chapter in an Edited Book

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In E. E. Editor & F. F. Editor (Eds.), Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (pp. pages of chapter). Publisher. DOI (if available)

Note : When you list the pages of the chapter or essay in parentheses after the book title, use "pp." before the numbers: (pp. 1-21). This abbreviation, however, does not appear before the page numbers in periodical references. List any edition number in the same set of parentheses as the page numbers, separated by a comma: (2nd ed., pp. 66-72).

Armstrong, D. (2019). Malory and character. In M. G. Leitch & C. J. Rushton (Eds.), A new companion to Malory  (pp. 144-163). D. S. Brewer.

Multivolume Work

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (Vol. #) . Publisher. DOI (if available)

David, A., & Simpson, J. (Eds.). (2006). The Norton anthology of English literature: The Middle Ages (8 th ed.,Vol. A). W. W. Norton and Company.

Home / Guides / Citation Guides / How to Cite Sources

How to Cite Sources

Here is a complete list for how to cite sources. Most of these guides present citation guidance and examples in MLA, APA, and Chicago.

If you’re looking for general information on MLA or APA citations , the EasyBib Writing Center was designed for you! It has articles on what’s needed in an MLA in-text citation , how to format an APA paper, what an MLA annotated bibliography is, making an MLA works cited page, and much more!

MLA Format Citation Examples

The Modern Language Association created the MLA Style, currently in its 9th edition, to provide researchers with guidelines for writing and documenting scholarly borrowings.  Most often used in the humanities, MLA style (or MLA format ) has been adopted and used by numerous other disciplines, in multiple parts of the world.

MLA provides standard rules to follow so that most research papers are formatted in a similar manner. This makes it easier for readers to comprehend the information. The MLA in-text citation guidelines, MLA works cited standards, and MLA annotated bibliography instructions provide scholars with the information they need to properly cite sources in their research papers, articles, and assignments.

• Book Chapter
• Conference Paper
• Documentary
• Encyclopedia
• Google Images
• Kindle Book
• Memorial Inscription
• Museum Exhibit
• Painting or Artwork
• PowerPoint Presentation
• Sheet Music
• Thesis or Dissertation
• YouTube Video

APA Format Citation Examples

The American Psychological Association created the APA citation style in 1929 as a way to help psychologists, anthropologists, and even business managers establish one common way to cite sources and present content.

APA is used when citing sources for academic articles such as journals, and is intended to help readers better comprehend content, and to avoid language bias wherever possible. The APA style (or APA format ) is now in its 7th edition, and provides citation style guides for virtually any type of resource.

Chicago Style Citation Examples

The Chicago/Turabian style of citing sources is generally used when citing sources for humanities papers, and is best known for its requirement that writers place bibliographic citations at the bottom of a page (in Chicago-format footnotes ) or at the end of a paper (endnotes).

The Turabian and Chicago citation styles are almost identical, but the Turabian style is geared towards student published papers such as theses and dissertations, while the Chicago style provides guidelines for all types of publications. This is why you’ll commonly see Chicago style and Turabian style presented together. The Chicago Manual of Style is currently in its 17th edition, and Turabian’s A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations is in its 8th edition.

Citing Specific Sources or Events

• Declaration of Independence
• Gettysburg Address
• Martin Luther King Jr. Speech
• President Obama’s Farewell Address
• President Trump’s Inauguration Speech
• White House Press Briefing

Additional FAQs

• Citing Archived Contributors
• Citing a Blog
• Citing a Book Chapter
• Citing a Source in a Foreign Language
• Citing an Image
• Citing a Song
• Citing Special Contributors
• Citing a Translated Article
• Citing a Tweet

6 Interesting Citation Facts

The world of citations may seem cut and dry, but there’s more to them than just specific capitalization rules, MLA in-text citations , and other formatting specifications. Citations have been helping researches document their sources for hundreds of years, and are a great way to learn more about a particular subject area.

Ever wonder what sets all the different styles apart, or how they came to be in the first place? Read on for some interesting facts about citations!

1. There are Over 7,000 Different Citation Styles

You may be familiar with MLA and APA citation styles, but there are actually thousands of citation styles used for all different academic disciplines all across the world. Deciding which one to use can be difficult, so be sure to ask you instructor which one you should be using for your next paper.

2. Some Citation Styles are Named After People

While a majority of citation styles are named for the specific organizations that publish them (i.e. APA is published by the American Psychological Association, and MLA format is named for the Modern Language Association), some are actually named after individuals. The most well-known example of this is perhaps Turabian style, named for Kate L. Turabian, an American educator and writer. She developed this style as a condensed version of the Chicago Manual of Style in order to present a more concise set of rules to students.

3. There are Some Really Specific and Uniquely Named Citation Styles

How specific can citation styles get? The answer is very. For example, the “Flavour and Fragrance Journal” style is based on a bimonthly, peer-reviewed scientific journal published since 1985 by John Wiley & Sons. It publishes original research articles, reviews and special reports on all aspects of flavor and fragrance. Another example is “Nordic Pulp and Paper Research,” a style used by an international scientific magazine covering science and technology for the areas of wood or bio-mass constituents.

4. More citations were created on  EasyBib.com  in the first quarter of 2018 than there are people in California.

The US Census Bureau estimates that approximately 39.5 million people live in the state of California. Meanwhile, about 43 million citations were made on EasyBib from January to March of 2018. That’s a lot of citations.

5. “Citations” is a Word With a Long History

The word “citations” can be traced back literally thousands of years to the Latin word “citare” meaning “to summon, urge, call; put in sudden motion, call forward; rouse, excite.” The word then took on its more modern meaning and relevance to writing papers in the 1600s, where it became known as the “act of citing or quoting a passage from a book, etc.”

6. Citation Styles are Always Changing

The concept of citations always stays the same. It is a means of preventing plagiarism and demonstrating where you relied on outside sources. The specific style rules, however, can and do change regularly. For example, in 2018 alone, 46 new citation styles were introduced , and 106 updates were made to exiting styles. At EasyBib, we are always on the lookout for ways to improve our styles and opportunities to add new ones to our list.

Why Citations Matter

Here are the ways accurate citations can help your students achieve academic success, and how you can answer the dreaded question, “why should I cite my sources?”

They Give Credit to the Right People

Citing their sources makes sure that the reader can differentiate the student’s original thoughts from those of other researchers. Not only does this make sure that the sources they use receive proper credit for their work, it ensures that the student receives deserved recognition for their unique contributions to the topic. Whether the student is citing in MLA format , APA format , or any other style, citations serve as a natural way to place a student’s work in the broader context of the subject area, and serve as an easy way to gauge their commitment to the project.

They Provide Hard Evidence of Ideas

Having many citations from a wide variety of sources related to their idea means that the student is working on a well-researched and respected subject. Citing sources that back up their claim creates room for fact-checking and further research . And, if they can cite a few sources that have the converse opinion or idea, and then demonstrate to the reader why they believe that that viewpoint is wrong by again citing credible sources, the student is well on their way to winning over the reader and cementing their point of view.

They Promote Originality and Prevent Plagiarism

The point of research projects is not to regurgitate information that can already be found elsewhere. We have Google for that! What the student’s project should aim to do is promote an original idea or a spin on an existing idea, and use reliable sources to promote that idea. Copying or directly referencing a source without proper citation can lead to not only a poor grade, but accusations of academic dishonesty. By citing their sources regularly and accurately, students can easily avoid the trap of plagiarism , and promote further research on their topic.

They Create Better Researchers

By researching sources to back up and promote their ideas, students are becoming better researchers without even knowing it! Each time a new source is read or researched, the student is becoming more engaged with the project and is developing a deeper understanding of the subject area. Proper citations demonstrate a breadth of the student’s reading and dedication to the project itself. By creating citations, students are compelled to make connections between their sources and discern research patterns. Each time they complete this process, they are helping themselves become better researchers and writers overall.

When is the Right Time to Start Making Citations?

Make in-text/parenthetical citations as you need them.

As you are writing your paper, be sure to include references within the text that correspond with references in a works cited or bibliography. These are usually called in-text citations or parenthetical citations in MLA and APA formats. The most effective time to complete these is directly after you have made your reference to another source. For instance, after writing the line from Charles Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities : “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times…,” you would include a citation like this (depending on your chosen citation style):

(Dickens 11).

This signals to the reader that you have referenced an outside source. What’s great about this system is that the in-text citations serve as a natural list for all of the citations you have made in your paper, which will make completing the works cited page a whole lot easier. After you are done writing, all that will be left for you to do is scan your paper for these references, and then build a works cited page that includes a citation for each one.

Need help creating an MLA works cited page ? Try the MLA format generator on EasyBib.com! We also have a guide on how to format an APA reference page .

2. Understand the General Formatting Rules of Your Citation Style Before You Start Writing

While reading up on paper formatting may not sound exciting, being aware of how your paper should look early on in the paper writing process is super important. Citation styles can dictate more than just the appearance of the citations themselves, but rather can impact the layout of your paper as a whole, with specific guidelines concerning margin width, title treatment, and even font size and spacing. Knowing how to organize your paper before you start writing will ensure that you do not receive a low grade for something as trivial as forgetting a hanging indent.

Don’t know where to start? Here’s a formatting guide on APA format .

3. Double-check All of Your Outside Sources for Relevance and Trustworthiness First

Collecting outside sources that support your research and specific topic is a critical step in writing an effective paper. But before you run to the library and grab the first 20 books you can lay your hands on, keep in mind that selecting a source to include in your paper should not be taken lightly. Before you proceed with using it to backup your ideas, run a quick Internet search for it and see if other scholars in your field have written about it as well. Check to see if there are book reviews about it or peer accolades. If you spot something that seems off to you, you may want to consider leaving it out of your work. Doing this before your start making citations can save you a ton of time in the long run.

Finished with your paper? It may be time to run it through a grammar and plagiarism checker , like the one offered by EasyBib Plus. If you’re just looking to brush up on the basics, our grammar guides  are ready anytime you are.

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Home — Essay Samples — Literature — Book Review — Henrietta Lacks Chapter Summaries: An Academic Analysis

Henrietta Lacks Chapter Summaries: an Academic Analysis

• Categories: Book Review Literature Review

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Published: Jun 13, 2024

Words: 725 | Pages: 2 | 4 min read

Table of contents

Introduction, body paragraphs, chapter 1: the exam, chapter 2: clover, chapter 3: diagnosis and treatment, chapter 4: the birth of hela, chapter 5: illegal, immoral, and deplorable, chapter 6: the secret of immortality.

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