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IB GEOGRAPHY BLOG

Covering the Syllabus of 2019

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WELCOME TO THE IB GEOGRAPHY BLOG

This blog provides IB Geography students with a detailed outline of the Standard and Higher Level course content. It aims to explain complex concepts in a simple manner, making them easily understandable. Case studies, essay examples, and various hyperlinks are included throughout this website, to reinforce the new content learnt.

Wanderer in Berglandschaft

GEOGRAPHIC THEMES

Wasser Schaum

GEOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVES & GLOBAL CHANGE

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HIGHER LEVEL (HL)

Geographic perspectives & global interactions.

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STANDARD LEVEL (SL)

Standard level (sl) and higher level (hl) course outline and percentage breakdown.

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Thanks for submitting!

My name is Anna Marie and I

am a 2021 graduate. I successfully

completed the International Baccalaureate (IB) and took Geography at Higher Level (HL). During my two years of study I compiled a decent amount of notes, which I wanted to make accessible to other IB students. So here we go! Not only did I publish all of my notes, I also uploaded most of my essays and other coursework to this blog. You can find these when clicking on hyperlinks, which are scattered all over this website. I hope this revision blog is helpful and offers guidance to many of you.  

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Additional SOURCES used:

Map Chart. “World Map - Advanced | Create a Custom Map.” MapChart, 2023, www.mapchart.net/world-advanced.html.

Visual Capitalist. “Home.” Visual Capitalist, 21 Oct. 2013, www.visualcapitalist.com .

Yambilla, Enoch. “IB Geography Revision.” IB Geography Revision, 2023, yambilla.wordpress.com. Accessed 6 Jan. 2023.

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IB Geography: Complete Guide

Charles Whitehouse

Comparing the International Baccalaureate (IB) Geography course with A-Level Geography can help students make informed decisions on which curriculum best suits their academic needs and future plans. Both are globally recognised qualifications but have different areas of emphasis and assessment methods.

The IB Geography courseis diverse and dynamic, combining physical, human, and environmental geography. It's renowned for its holistic approach, requiring students to understand the interconnectedness of geographical phenomena at different scales. Additionally, the Internal Assessment (IA) in IB Geography provides hands-on experience in conducting fieldwork and writing a comprehensive report. This could provide students with a more practical understanding of geographical issues.

In contrast, A-Level Geography is more traditional in its focus. Though it does explore human and physical geography, its approach is more compartmentalised compared to the integrated approach of the IB. A significant portion of the A-Level course is also assessed via written examinations, with less emphasis on coursework.

In terms of exam performance in a recent session, 19.9% of IB Geography HL students achieved a score of 7/7, compared to 27.2% of A-Level Geography students achieving the top grade of an A*, illustrating that A-level Geography may be comparatively easier to achieve top marks in.

When choosing between IB and A-Level Geography, it's essential to consider university requirements. Some universities may favour one qualification over the other, depending on the course. For instance, the University of Cambridge explicitly mentions both A-Levels and IB as suitable entry qualifications for its geography course.

Thus, the decision should be based on individual preferences, university requirements, and long-term career aspirations. For more information on the differences between these two qualifications, read our article comparing the IB and A-levels .

Have a look at our comprehensive set of IB Geography Study Notes and IB Geography Questions , developed by expert IB teachers and examiners!

What level of Geography should you choose in the IB?

Choosing between Higher Level (HL) and Standard Level (SL) in IB Geography is a significant decision that will depend on your interests, aspirations, and academic strengths. Both levels offer a solid understanding of the subject, but the depth and breadth of study vary.

HL Geography is more intensive and covers additional topics under the theme 'Global Interactions', such as cultural diversity, economic interdependence, and globalisation. If you have a keen interest in Geography or plan to pursue it or a related field at university, HL Geography could be a great choice.

On the other hand, SL Geography offers a comprehensive overview of key geographical concepts and issues but involves a lesser workload. If you enjoy Geography but are not considering it as a major focus for further study, SL could be a good fit.

The International Baccalaureate Organization states that IB students must choose three subjects at HL and three at SL. Balancing your overall subject choice considering your strengths, workload, and university requirements is crucial.

It's also worth noting that some universities might have specific requirements. For example, the London School of Economics specifies that at least two HL subjects are needed for most of their undergraduate courses. Therefore, researching and consulting with your school counsellor can also be beneficial in making this decision.

Below is an overview of the grades achieved in each level in 2021, giving interesting insights into HL which attained higher mean grades.

Number of IB Geography SL & HL candidates and mean grades in 2021

Number of IB Geography SL & HL candidates and mean grades in 2021

Understanding the IB Geography grading system

The grading system of IB Geography , like other IB subjects, follows a 7-point scale, with 7 being the highest attainable score. The grade is a reflection of a student's overall performance in the course, including both external assessments (written examinations) and internal assessments (fieldwork report).

The IB Geography Guide details how these components contribute to the final grade. For Standard Level (SL), external assessments count for 75% and the Internal Assessment (IA) 25%. Higher Level (HL) students have 80% of their grade derived from external assessments and 20% from their IA.

The external assessments consist of two or three papers, depending on whether you are an SL or HL student. Paper 1 covers core themes, Paper 2 examines optional themes, and Paper 3 (only for HL students) explores the 'Global Interactions' theme.

The IA, a fieldwork report, allows students to investigate a local geographical issue or question. Students collect data, analyse it, and write a 2,500-word report.

Each component of the assessment is marked against specific criteria, with an emphasis on understanding, application, analysis, and evaluation of geographical concepts.

While understanding the grading system is important, it's equally crucial to approach the subject with curiosity and a genuine desire to learn. A grade is ultimately a measurement of learning, but the real value lies in the knowledge and skills acquired along the way.

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IB Geography exam format

The final IB Geography grade is significantly determined by written exams, which follow a specific format as per the IB Geography Guide. Understanding this format is crucial for students aiming for high scores.

For Standard Level (SL) students, there are two papers.

Paper 1, focusing on core themes, is divided into two sections: Section A, where you answer short-answer questions on each of the two topics studied, and Section B, where you write an extended response to one of the topics.

Paper 2, assessing optional themes, follows a similar format: Section A requires short-answer responses on each of the two studied topics, and Section B demands an extended response on one of these.

For Higher Level (HL) students, there is an additional Paper 3, focusing on the 'Global Interactions' theme. Here, students respond to two extended response questions.

The duration of each paper is 1.5 hours for SL and 2.5 hours for HL. Paper 1 and Paper 2 each contribute to 35% of the SL final grade, whereas Paper 1 contributes 25%, Paper 2 contributes 35%, and Paper 3 contributes 20% to the HL final grade.

Preparing for these exams requires a firm understanding of the syllabus content and good exam technique, including time management and understanding of command terms. Practice papers, such as those available on IB Past Papers , can be useful for familiarising oneself with the format and refining these skills.

What is a good IB Geography score?

In the context of the International Baccalaureate, a score of 7 is the highest achievable grade, and is generally regarded as excellent. However, what constitutes a 'good' IB Geography score can vary depending on the perspective.

From a university admissions viewpoint, a good score would be one that meets or exceeds the entry requirements for your chosen course. For example, the University of Oxford generally requires a score of 6 or 7 in Geography HL for its Geography course.

Lastly, from a personal standpoint, a good score could be one that reflects your best effort and the mastery of the subject's key concepts. It's also important to remember that the IB, with its emphasis on critical thinking and real-world application of knowledge, values the learning process just as much as the final grade.

In any case, achieving a 'good' score typically involves a combination of consistent study, understanding the syllabus, and effective exam technique.

How to revise and get a 7 in IB Geography?

Achieving a 7 in IB Geography requires a strategic approach to revision that incorporates understanding the syllabus, consistent practice, and effective study techniques.

1. Start early and create a study plan: Consistency is key in studying. Break down your study material into manageable chunks and spread your revision over several weeks or months before your exam. Remember, last-minute cramming is generally not effective for long-term retention.

2. Understand the assessment criteria: Familiarise yourself with the IB Geography assessment criteria. Ensure you have a clear understanding of the knowledge and skills required to excel in the exams and internal assessments.

3. Practice past papers: Familiarise yourself with the exam format by practicing past papers. This will help you become comfortable with the style of questions and improve your time management skills. Analyse the mark schemes to understand the expectations of examiners.

4. Engage in active learning: Instead of passively reading or highlighting, actively engage with the material. Summarise information in your own words, teach concepts to others, or engage in group discussions to reinforce your understanding.

5. Seek support: Collaborate with classmates, form study groups, or seek guidance from your teacher or IB Geography tutor . Exploring different perspectives and discussing challenging topics can enhance your learning experience.

6. Utilise online resources: Take advantage of online resources specifically tailored to IB Geography revision. Websites like IB Geography Revision and IB Documents offer study materials, revision guides, and practice questions.

This is what Isabella Grayson shared with us about her experience successfully completing IB Geography:

"Securing a high score in the IB Geography exam was no overnight success. My approach was multifaceted: I consistently reviewed the syllabus, making sure I understood the core concepts. Weekly revision sessions helped me keep the information fresh in my mind. Using flashcards for quick recall and group discussions to explore different perspectives were my go-to techniques. Most crucially, I dedicated time to complete and review past papers, which gave me a clear understanding of the exam format and the types of questions asked. It's a journey that demands dedication, but the outcome is more than rewarding!"

Ultimately, the path to achieving a 7 in IB Geography hinges on a deep understanding of the subject matter, rigorous revision, and employing effective exam strategies, all of which can be significantly enhanced with the assistance of IB tutoring . Remember that patience and consistency are key in this journey, and integrating regular sessions with an IB tutor can provide tailored guidance and reinforce your understanding. Alongside this, don't forget the importance of taking regular breaks to avoid burnout, ensuring a balanced approach to your studies.

Overview of IB Geography Internal Assessment

The Internal Assessment (IA) in IB Geography is a crucial component of the course, contributing to 25% of the final grade for SL and 20% for HL students, according to the IB Geography Guide . The IA is an independent investigation where students conduct fieldwork and produce a 2,500-word report.

The IA process starts with selecting a suitable geographical question. This question should be linked to the syllabus, but also be narrow enough to allow for an in-depth investigation.

The second phase involves planning and conducting fieldwork. This could involve primary data collection methods such as surveys, observations, and experiments, or secondary data collection like research from books, databases, and online resources. It's important to ensure data is collected ethically and with appropriate permissions.

Next is the data presentation and analysis phase. Here, students are expected to present their data effectively using appropriate geographical tools (like graphs, charts, and maps) and thoroughly analyse their results, identifying patterns and relationships.

Finally, students must conclude their report by answering the research question and evaluate their methodology, acknowledging any limitations and suggesting improvements.

The IA requires students to apply the geographical knowledge and skills they've acquired throughout the course, demonstrating understanding and critical thinking. IB Geography IA examples can be helpful for students to understand the requirements and expectations better.

Top resources for IB Geography preparation

In your journey to conquer IB Geography, reliable resources can be a significant asset. Here are some of the top resources that can assist in your revision and preparation:

1. The Official IBO Geography Guide : This guide should be your starting point as it contains the complete syllabus and assessment criteria.

2. IB Past Papers : These are vital for getting used to the format of the exams and for practising under timed conditions. Websites like IB Past Papers have extensive collections of past papers.

3. IB Geography Textbooks : These provide comprehensive coverage of the syllabus content. Notable examples include 'Geography for the IB Diploma' by Garrett Nagle and Briony Cooke and 'Planet Geography' by Stephen Codrington.

4. Online platforms : Websites like Geography All The Way offer extensive resources, including revision notes, case studies, and interactive quizzes.

5. News Websites : Stay updated with current global events relevant to your syllabus. Websites like BBC , The Guardian , and National Geographic are good starting points.

Remember, these resources are tools to supplement your classroom learning. Use them strategically, and don't overwhelm yourself by trying to use all of them at once.

Exploring career opportunities with IB Geography

With a grounding in IB Geography, an array of exciting career opportunities opens up. Here are a few potential paths you could consider:

Urban Planning and Development : Geography helps you understand spatial relationships and environmental implications, making you well-suited for careers in urban planning and development. This could involve designing urban spaces, planning housing projects, or managing public utilities. Information on this career can be found at the Urban Land Institute .

Environmental Management : With climate change becoming an increasing concern, there's a growing need for professionals who can manage and protect our natural resources. A career in environmental management might involve creating sustainability plans, conducting environmental assessments, or working on conservation projects. More information can be found at the Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment .

GIS Specialist : Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a rapidly growing field, and geography students, with their understanding of spatial data, are well-positioned to enter this industry. A GIS Specialist might create maps, analyse spatial data, or develop GIS software. More details can be found on the Esri website .

Teaching and Research : If you're passionate about the subject, why not consider a career in teaching or academic research? Inspiring the next generation of geographers or contributing to the academic field could be highly rewarding. Check out the British Educational Research Association for further insights.

Remember, the skills and knowledge you gain from IB Geography, such as data analysis, problem-solving, and critical thinking, are transferable and highly valued across many sectors.

In conclusion, IB Geography offers a comprehensive and exciting exploration of our ever-evolving world. Not only does it equip you with a nuanced understanding of key global issues, but it also hones transferable skills highly prized in the modern job market. The subject offers a broad spectrum of potential careers, including urban planning, environmental management, and GIS. When properly armed with the right resources and a strategic revision plan, achieving a top score in IB Geography becomes an attainable goal. Dive into the intriguing world of geography, and you'll find it's not just about places but about understanding the intricate dynamics of our world.

What textbooks are recommended for IB Geography?

The top textbook recommended for IB Geography is "Geography for the IB Diploma" by Paul Guinness and Garrett Nagle. This book not only comprehensively covers the core and optional units of the IB Geography syllabus but also offers a wealth of case studies, maps, diagrams, and fieldwork opportunities. It seamlessly integrates theoretical concepts with practical examples, encouraging students to explore and think critically about geographic phenomena. Moreover, the book comes with digital resources and quizzes, which can help reinforce understanding and retention.

Can I take both HL and SL Geography in IB?

When it comes to choosing between Higher Level (HL) and Standard Level (SL) in the IB program, it's not an either-or situation. You select one level for each subject, including Geography. The key differences lie in the depth of content, number of study hours, and the complexity of the internal assessment. HL is more demanding and comprehensive, requiring an in-depth exploration of two additional themes.

How many hours of study does IB Geography require?

According to the International Baccalaureate Organisation, SL Geography students should anticipate a minimum of 150 classroom teaching hours, while HL students should prepare for at least 240. However, these are merely the formal teaching hours and do not include the time students may need to invest in self-study, revision, and internal assessments. Personal study hours can differ greatly based on an individual's grasp of the subject and study habits.

Does IB Geography include fieldwork?

Yes, fieldwork is an integral component of IB Geography. It forms the basis of the Internal Assessment, providing students an opportunity to develop and apply their skills in a real-world context. Fieldwork allows students to conduct primary research, collect and analyse data, and draw conclusions based on their findings. The skills learnt through fieldwork are not just relevant to geography but can also be transferred to a host of other disciplines and future careers.

Are there online resources for IB Geography revision?

Plenty of online resources can assist you with IB Geography revision. Websites such as IBO and GeoRevision offer a wide range of study materials, including revision notes, study guides, flashcards, and past papers. YouTube also provides a plethora of video tutorials that can help visual learners. Moreover, there are online forums where you can interact with fellow IB Geography students worldwide and share study tips and resources.

Is there a difference between IB Geography SL and HL?

Yes, while SL and HL Geography share a common core syllabus, HL students have to study two additional optional themes and have a higher word limit for their Internal Assessment. This means HL students delve deeper into certain geographical issues, enhancing their understanding and breadth of knowledge. The decision between SL and HL largely depends on your interest in the subject, the number of study hours you can dedicate, and your future academic or career plans.

How is the IB Geography Internal Assessment marked?

The Internal Assessment, a crucial part of IB Geography, is marked on a scale of 25. The evaluation is based on a variety of factors like your research question's quality, the appropriateness of your methodology, the accuracy and analysis of your data, and your overall presentation and conclusion. Preparing a structured and thorough IA can significantly enhance your final IB Geography score.

How can I effectively manage time during the IB Geography exam?

Effective time management is pivotal for success in the IB Geography exam. One technique is to practice answering past papers in a timed setting to get a feel for the exam's pace and structure. For essay-based questions, allocate a few minutes at the start to plan your answer and structure your thoughts. Remember to keep an eye on the clock and avoid spending too much time on one question at the expense of others.

Are past papers useful for IB Geography revision?

Past papers are an invaluable resource for IB Geography revision. They offer an understanding of the exam's format and the types of questions that can be asked. Moreover, by timing yourself while answering these papers, you can improve your time management skills. Past papers also serve as a practical means to apply your knowledge, helping identify gaps in understanding that you can then work on.

How do universities view the IB Geography course?

Universities globally recognise the rigor and comprehensive nature of the IB Diploma Programme, including the Geography course. The critical thinking skills, research methodology, and understanding of global issues that IB Geography students develop are highly valued in a range of university courses and disciplines. Particularly for courses in disciplines like Urban Planning, Environmental Science, and International Relations, IB Geography provides a strong foundation.

Can IB Geography aid in understanding global issues?

Absolutely, IB Geography is renowned for its emphasis on understanding and analysing global issues. It provides students with a solid understanding of pressing concerns like climate change, sustainable development, population dynamics, and resource management. The course encourages students to consider these issues from various perspectives, fostering an appreciation for diversity and global interconnectedness. Hence, if you have an interest in global affairs, IB Geography could be a valuable subject for you.

Is there a specific calculator recommended for IB Geography?

While mathematical calculations in IB Geography are not as intensive as other subjects like Physics or Mathematics, having a scientific calculator could be beneficial for statistical analysis and data interpretation. The choice of calculator is not strictly defined for Geography and mostly depends on the individual's comfort and requirement. Some commonly used models are the Texas Instruments TI-30 series or the Casio FX series.

Does IB Geography involve a lot of essay writing?

Yes, a significant part of the IB Geography assessment involves essay writing. This not only includes essays in your final exam but also the Internal Assessment, which is an independent investigation presented in an essay format. Developing clear and cogent essay-writing skills is therefore crucial to succeeding in IB Geography.

Can IB Geography be self-taught?

While it's technically possible to self-teach IB Geography, it can be quite challenging given the course's complexity and the high level of self-discipline required. Having an experienced teacher can be tremendously helpful in navigating the syllabus, understanding intricate concepts, and receiving feedback on assessments. However, if you're considering this route, ensure you have a solid study plan, access to resources, and perhaps a mentor for guidance.

How is geography relevant in the 21st century?

Geography's relevance in the 21st century is unparalleled. With globalisation, climate change, urbanisation, and social inequality being some of the significant issues of our time, geographical understanding is more critical than ever. Geography provides the tools and methodologies to understand these challenges, develop sustainable solutions, and promote a more equitable world. It also nurtures a global outlook, crucial in our increasingly interconnected world.

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Charles scored 45/45 on the International Baccalaureate and has six years' experience tutoring IB and IGCSE students and advising them with their university applications. He studied a double integrated Masters at Magdalen College Oxford and has worked as a research scientist and strategy consultant.

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Sat / act prep online guides and tips, the complete ib extended essay guide: examples, topics, and ideas.

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IB students around the globe fear writing the Extended Essay, but it doesn't have to be a source of stress! In this article, I'll get you excited about writing your Extended Essay and provide you with the resources you need to get an A on it.

If you're reading this article, I'm going to assume you're an IB student getting ready to write your Extended Essay. If you're looking at this as a potential future IB student, I recommend reading our introductory IB articles first, including our guide to what the IB program is and our full coverage of the IB curriculum .

IB Extended Essay: Why Should You Trust My Advice?

I myself am a recipient of an IB Diploma, and I happened to receive an A on my IB Extended Essay. Don't believe me? The proof is in the IBO pudding:

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If you're confused by what this report means, EE is short for Extended Essay , and English A1 is the subject that my Extended Essay topic coordinated with. In layman's terms, my IB Diploma was graded in May 2010, I wrote my Extended Essay in the English A1 category, and I received an A grade on it.

What Is the Extended Essay in the IB Diploma Programme?

The IB Extended Essay, or EE , is a mini-thesis you write under the supervision of an IB advisor (an IB teacher at your school), which counts toward your IB Diploma (learn more about the major IB Diploma requirements in our guide) . I will explain exactly how the EE affects your Diploma later in this article.

For the Extended Essay, you will choose a research question as a topic, conduct the research independently, then write an essay on your findings . The essay itself is a long one—although there's a cap of 4,000 words, most successful essays get very close to this limit.

Keep in mind that the IB requires this essay to be a "formal piece of academic writing," meaning you'll have to do outside research and cite additional sources.

The IB Extended Essay must include the following:

  • A title page
  • Contents page
  • Introduction
  • Body of the essay
  • References and bibliography

Additionally, your research topic must fall into one of the six approved DP categories , or IB subject groups, which are as follows:

  • Group 1: Studies in Language and Literature
  • Group 2: Language Acquisition
  • Group 3: Individuals and Societies
  • Group 4: Sciences
  • Group 5: Mathematics
  • Group 6: The Arts

Once you figure out your category and have identified a potential research topic, it's time to pick your advisor, who is normally an IB teacher at your school (though you can also find one online ). This person will help direct your research, and they'll conduct the reflection sessions you'll have to do as part of your Extended Essay.

As of 2018, the IB requires a "reflection process" as part of your EE supervision process. To fulfill this requirement, you have to meet at least three times with your supervisor in what the IB calls "reflection sessions." These meetings are not only mandatory but are also part of the formal assessment of the EE and your research methods.

According to the IB, the purpose of these meetings is to "provide an opportunity for students to reflect on their engagement with the research process." Basically, these meetings give your supervisor the opportunity to offer feedback, push you to think differently, and encourage you to evaluate your research process.

The final reflection session is called the viva voce, and it's a short 10- to 15-minute interview between you and your advisor. This happens at the very end of the EE process, and it's designed to help your advisor write their report, which factors into your EE grade.

Here are the topics covered in your viva voce :

  • A check on plagiarism and malpractice
  • Your reflection on your project's successes and difficulties
  • Your reflection on what you've learned during the EE process

Your completed Extended Essay, along with your supervisor's report, will then be sent to the IB to be graded. We'll cover the assessment criteria in just a moment.

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What Should You Write About in Your IB Extended Essay?

You can technically write about anything, so long as it falls within one of the approved categories listed above.

It's best to choose a topic that matches one of the IB courses , (such as Theatre, Film, Spanish, French, Math, Biology, etc.), which shouldn't be difficult because there are so many class subjects.

Here is a range of sample topics with the attached extended essay:

  • Biology: The Effect of Age and Gender on the Photoreceptor Cells in the Human Retina
  • Chemistry: How Does Reflux Time Affect the Yield and Purity of Ethyl Aminobenzoate (Benzocaine), and How Effective is Recrystallisation as a Purification Technique for This Compound?
  • English: An Exploration of Jane Austen's Use of the Outdoors in Emma
  • Geography: The Effect of Location on the Educational Attainment of Indigenous Secondary Students in Queensland, Australia
  • Math: Alhazen's Billiard Problem
  • Visual Arts: Can Luc Tuymans Be Classified as a Political Painter?

You can see from how varied the topics are that you have a lot of freedom when it comes to picking a topic . So how do you pick when the options are limitless?

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How to Write a Stellar IB Extended Essay: 6 Essential Tips

Below are six key tips to keep in mind as you work on your Extended Essay for the IB DP. Follow these and you're sure to get an A!

#1: Write About Something You Enjoy

You can't expect to write a compelling essay if you're not a fan of the topic on which you're writing. For example, I just love British theatre and ended up writing my Extended Essay on a revolution in post-WWII British theatre. (Yes, I'm definitely a #TheatreNerd.)

I really encourage anyone who pursues an IB Diploma to take the Extended Essay seriously. I was fortunate enough to receive a full-tuition merit scholarship to USC's School of Dramatic Arts program. In my interview for the scholarship, I spoke passionately about my Extended Essay; thus, I genuinely think my Extended Essay helped me get my scholarship.

But how do you find a topic you're passionate about? Start by thinking about which classes you enjoy the most and why . Do you like math classes because you like to solve problems? Or do you enjoy English because you like to analyze literary texts?

Keep in mind that there's no right or wrong answer when it comes to choosing your Extended Essay topic. You're not more likely to get high marks because you're writing about science, just like you're not doomed to failure because you've chosen to tackle the social sciences. The quality of what you produce—not the field you choose to research within—will determine your grade.

Once you've figured out your category, you should brainstorm more specific topics by putting pen to paper . What was your favorite chapter you learned in that class? Was it astrophysics or mechanics? What did you like about that specific chapter? Is there something you want to learn more about? I recommend spending a few hours on this type of brainstorming.

One last note: if you're truly stumped on what to research, pick a topic that will help you in your future major or career . That way you can use your Extended Essay as a talking point in your college essays (and it will prepare you for your studies to come too!).

#2: Select a Topic That Is Neither Too Broad nor Too Narrow

There's a fine line between broad and narrow. You need to write about something specific, but not so specific that you can't write 4,000 words on it.

You can't write about WWII because that would be a book's worth of material. You also don't want to write about what type of soup prisoners of war received behind enemy lines, because you probably won’t be able to come up with 4,000 words of material about it. However, you could possibly write about how the conditions in German POW camps—and the rations provided—were directly affected by the Nazis' successes and failures on the front, including the use of captured factories and prison labor in Eastern Europe to increase production. WWII military history might be a little overdone, but you get my point.

If you're really stuck trying to pinpoint a not-too-broad-or-too-narrow topic, I suggest trying to brainstorm a topic that uses a comparison. Once you begin looking through the list of sample essays below, you'll notice that many use comparisons to formulate their main arguments.

I also used a comparison in my EE, contrasting Harold Pinter's Party Time with John Osborne's Look Back in Anger in order to show a transition in British theatre. Topics with comparisons of two to three plays, books, and so on tend to be the sweet spot. You can analyze each item and then compare them with one another after doing some in-depth analysis of each individually. The ways these items compare and contrast will end up forming the thesis of your essay!

When choosing a comparative topic, the key is that the comparison should be significant. I compared two plays to illustrate the transition in British theatre, but you could compare the ways different regional dialects affect people's job prospects or how different temperatures may or may not affect the mating patterns of lightning bugs. The point here is that comparisons not only help you limit your topic, but they also help you build your argument.

Comparisons are not the only way to get a grade-A EE, though. If after brainstorming, you pick a non-comparison-based topic and are still unsure whether your topic is too broad or narrow, spend about 30 minutes doing some basic research and see how much material is out there.

If there are more than 1,000 books, articles, or documentaries out there on that exact topic, it may be too broad. But if there are only two books that have any connection to your topic, it may be too narrow. If you're still unsure, ask your advisor—it's what they're there for! Speaking of advisors...

body-narrow-crack-stuck-cc0-pixabay

Don't get stuck with a narrow topic!

#3: Choose an Advisor Who Is Familiar With Your Topic

If you're not certain of who you would like to be your advisor, create a list of your top three choices. Next, write down the pros and cons of each possibility (I know this sounds tedious, but it really helps!).

For example, Mr. Green is my favorite teacher and we get along really well, but he teaches English. For my EE, I want to conduct an experiment that compares the efficiency of American electric cars with foreign electric cars.

I had Ms. White a year ago. She teaches physics and enjoyed having me in her class. Unlike Mr. Green, Ms. White could help me design my experiment.

Based on my topic and what I need from my advisor, Ms. White would be a better fit for me than would Mr. Green (even though I like him a lot).

The moral of my story is this: do not just ask your favorite teacher to be your advisor . They might be a hindrance to you if they teach another subject. For example, I would not recommend asking your biology teacher to guide you in writing an English literature-based EE.

There can, of course, be exceptions to this rule. If you have a teacher who's passionate and knowledgeable about your topic (as my English teacher was about my theatre topic), you could ask that instructor. Consider all your options before you do this. There was no theatre teacher at my high school, so I couldn't find a theatre-specific advisor, but I chose the next best thing.

Before you approach a teacher to serve as your advisor, check with your high school to see what requirements they have for this process. Some IB high schools require your IB Extended Essay advisor to sign an Agreement Form , for instance.

Make sure that you ask your IB coordinator whether there is any required paperwork to fill out. If your school needs a specific form signed, bring it with you when you ask your teacher to be your EE advisor.

#4: Pick an Advisor Who Will Push You to Be Your Best

Some teachers might just take on students because they have to and aren't very passionate about reading drafts, only giving you minimal feedback. Choose a teacher who will take the time to read several drafts of your essay and give you extensive notes. I would not have gotten my A without being pushed to make my Extended Essay draft better.

Ask a teacher that you have experience with through class or an extracurricular activity. Do not ask a teacher that you have absolutely no connection to. If a teacher already knows you, that means they already know your strengths and weaknesses, so they know what to look for, where you need to improve, and how to encourage your best work.

Also, don't forget that your supervisor's assessment is part of your overall EE score . If you're meeting with someone who pushes you to do better—and you actually take their advice—they'll have more impressive things to say about you than a supervisor who doesn't know you well and isn't heavily involved in your research process.

Be aware that the IB only allows advisors to make suggestions and give constructive criticism. Your teacher cannot actually help you write your EE. The IB recommends that the supervisor spends approximately two to three hours in total with the candidate discussing the EE.

#5: Make Sure Your Essay Has a Clear Structure and Flow

The IB likes structure. Your EE needs a clear introduction (which should be one to two double-spaced pages), research question/focus (i.e., what you're investigating), a body, and a conclusion (about one double-spaced page). An essay with unclear organization will be graded poorly.

The body of your EE should make up the bulk of the essay. It should be about eight to 18 pages long (again, depending on your topic). Your body can be split into multiple parts. For example, if you were doing a comparison, you might have one third of your body as Novel A Analysis, another third as Novel B Analysis, and the final third as your comparison of Novels A and B.

If you're conducting an experiment or analyzing data, such as in this EE , your EE body should have a clear structure that aligns with the scientific method ; you should state the research question, discuss your method, present the data, analyze the data, explain any uncertainties, and draw a conclusion and/or evaluate the success of the experiment.

#6: Start Writing Sooner Rather Than Later!

You will not be able to crank out a 4,000-word essay in just a week and get an A on it. You'll be reading many, many articles (and, depending on your topic, possibly books and plays as well!). As such, it's imperative that you start your research as soon as possible.

Each school has a slightly different deadline for the Extended Essay. Some schools want them as soon as November of your senior year; others will take them as late as February. Your school will tell you what your deadline is. If they haven't mentioned it by February of your junior year, ask your IB coordinator about it.

Some high schools will provide you with a timeline of when you need to come up with a topic, when you need to meet with your advisor, and when certain drafts are due. Not all schools do this. Ask your IB coordinator if you are unsure whether you are on a specific timeline.

Below is my recommended EE timeline. While it's earlier than most schools, it'll save you a ton of heartache (trust me, I remember how hard this process was!):

  • January/February of Junior Year: Come up with your final research topic (or at least your top three options).
  • February of Junior Year: Approach a teacher about being your EE advisor. If they decline, keep asking others until you find one. See my notes above on how to pick an EE advisor.
  • April/May of Junior Year: Submit an outline of your EE and a bibliography of potential research sources (I recommend at least seven to 10) to your EE advisor. Meet with your EE advisor to discuss your outline.
  • Summer Between Junior and Senior Year: Complete your first full draft over the summer between your junior and senior year. I know, I know—no one wants to work during the summer, but trust me—this will save you so much stress come fall when you are busy with college applications and other internal assessments for your IB classes. You will want to have this first full draft done because you will want to complete a couple of draft cycles as you likely won't be able to get everything you want to say into 4,000 articulate words on the first attempt. Try to get this first draft into the best possible shape so you don't have to work on too many revisions during the school year on top of your homework, college applications, and extracurriculars.
  • August/September of Senior Year: Turn in your first draft of your EE to your advisor and receive feedback. Work on incorporating their feedback into your essay. If they have a lot of suggestions for improvement, ask if they will read one more draft before the final draft.
  • September/October of Senior Year: Submit the second draft of your EE to your advisor (if necessary) and look at their feedback. Work on creating the best possible final draft.
  • November-February of Senior Year: Schedule your viva voce. Submit two copies of your final draft to your school to be sent off to the IB. You likely will not get your grade until after you graduate.

Remember that in the middle of these milestones, you'll need to schedule two other reflection sessions with your advisor . (Your teachers will actually take notes on these sessions on a form like this one , which then gets submitted to the IB.)

I recommend doing them when you get feedback on your drafts, but these meetings will ultimately be up to your supervisor. Just don't forget to do them!

body-bird-worm-cc0-pixabay

The early bird DOES get the worm!

How Is the IB Extended Essay Graded?

Extended Essays are graded by examiners appointed by the IB on a scale of 0 to 34 . You'll be graded on five criteria, each with its own set of points. You can learn more about how EE scoring works by reading the IB guide to extended essays .

  • Criterion A: Focus and Method (6 points maximum)
  • Criterion B: Knowledge and Understanding (6 points maximum)
  • Criterion C: Critical Thinking (12 points maximum)
  • Criterion D: Presentation (4 points maximum)
  • Criterion E: Engagement (6 points maximum)

How well you do on each of these criteria will determine the final letter grade you get for your EE. You must earn at least a D to be eligible to receive your IB Diploma.

Although each criterion has a point value, the IB explicitly states that graders are not converting point totals into grades; instead, they're using qualitative grade descriptors to determine the final grade of your Extended Essay . Grade descriptors are on pages 102-103 of this document .

Here's a rough estimate of how these different point values translate to letter grades based on previous scoring methods for the EE. This is just an estimate —you should read and understand the grade descriptors so you know exactly what the scorers are looking for.

Here is the breakdown of EE scores (from the May 2021 bulletin):

How Does the Extended Essay Grade Affect Your IB Diploma?

The Extended Essay grade is combined with your TOK (Theory of Knowledge) grade to determine how many points you get toward your IB Diploma.

To learn about Theory of Knowledge or how many points you need to receive an IB Diploma, read our complete guide to the IB program and our guide to the IB Diploma requirements .

This diagram shows how the two scores are combined to determine how many points you receive for your IB diploma (3 being the most, 0 being the least). In order to get your IB Diploma, you have to earn 24 points across both categories (the TOK and EE). The highest score anyone can earn is 45 points.

body-theory-of-knowledge

Let's say you get an A on your EE and a B on TOK. You will get 3 points toward your Diploma. As of 2014, a student who scores an E on either the extended essay or TOK essay will not be eligible to receive an IB Diploma .

Prior to the class of 2010, a Diploma candidate could receive a failing grade in either the Extended Essay or Theory of Knowledge and still be awarded a Diploma, but this is no longer true.

Figuring out how you're assessed can be a little tricky. Luckily, the IB breaks everything down here in this document . (The assessment information begins on page 219.)

40+ Sample Extended Essays for the IB Diploma Programme

In case you want a little more guidance on how to get an A on your EE, here are over 40 excellent (grade A) sample extended essays for your reading pleasure. Essays are grouped by IB subject.

  • Business Management 1
  • Chemistry 1
  • Chemistry 2
  • Chemistry 3
  • Chemistry 4
  • Chemistry 5
  • Chemistry 6
  • Chemistry 7
  • Computer Science 1
  • Economics 1
  • Design Technology 1
  • Design Technology 2
  • Environmental Systems and Societies 1
  • Geography 1
  • Geography 2
  • Geography 3
  • Geography 4
  • Geography 5
  • Geography 6
  • Literature and Performance 1
  • Mathematics 1
  • Mathematics 2
  • Mathematics 3
  • Mathematics 4
  • Mathematics 5
  • Philosophy 1
  • Philosophy 2
  • Philosophy 3
  • Philosophy 4
  • Philosophy 5
  • Psychology 1
  • Psychology 2
  • Psychology 3
  • Psychology 4
  • Psychology 5
  • Social and Cultural Anthropology 1
  • Social and Cultural Anthropology 2
  • Social and Cultural Anthropology 3
  • Sports, Exercise and Health Science 1
  • Sports, Exercise and Health Science 2
  • Visual Arts 1
  • Visual Arts 2
  • Visual Arts 3
  • Visual Arts 4
  • Visual Arts 5
  • World Religion 1
  • World Religion 2
  • World Religion 3

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Geography Extended Essay Topics: 30+ Ideas to Get You Started

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by  Antony W

September 2, 2022

geography extended essay topics

Up until now, you’ve learned what a Geography Extended Essay is, how to choose the right topic to explore, and how to treat the topic.  Still, coming up with relevant Geography Extended Essay topics can be a big challenge, especially if you aren’t so creative.

Geography Extended Essay Help

Geography is an interesting subject, but it’s equally involving because it requires a lot of reading and extensive research.

So if you’ve chosen this IB subject for your Extended Essay project, you’ll need to schedule enough time to choose a topic, develop your research, and work on the EE within the predefined scope of the assignment.

If you’ve started working on the project and already find it overwhelming,  click here to check our EE writing help .  Hire Help for Assessment writers, and we’ll help you get the work completed in the shortest time possible.

The advantage of our writing service is that we’re timely.

In other words, we’ve customized our writing help such that you get your paper delivered to you at least 2 hour before the deadline. As such, you never have to worry about running late with your submission or missing a draft to present in your reflection meetings. 

30+ Best IB Geography Extended Essay Topics 

To help make the topic selection process easier, we’ve put together a list of 30+ IB Geography Extended Essay topics for inspiration.

Check them out below. 

  • How much does the risk of arsenic poisoning diminish when one moves away from certain Bangladeshi river routes and irrigated areas?
  • Does air quality increase away from one of London's busiest roundabouts as one travels over a transect of 10 kilometers?
  • How does Lake Vatten affect the fall weather in the area (the microclimate)?
  • Should we believe that Singapore is the "Harmonious home" that Goh Chok Tong proclaimed it to be in 2012?
  • Analysis of Warsaw's municipal service availability throughout the city's various neighborhoods
  • How does the proximity of low and high-income neighborhoods in an LEDC vary with elevation and distance from the central business district?
  • What socioeconomic elements and features of Eindhoven's urban design contribute to the city's high vandalism rates?
  • How well do the migration patterns and causes in northern Thailand fit the profile of movements typical of an LEDC?
  • Is there a correlation between the rate of literacy and the rate of extreme poverty in some Indian states and regions?
  • A look at whether or not Singapore meets the criteria for a sustainable metropolis.
  • How well do some of Ethiopia's eco-lodges meet Martha Honey's standards for "green" travel?
  • Is there a correlation between the quality of life in northern and southern Mexico and the rate at which people migrate to the United States of America?
  • How environmentally sustainable is the Township of Langley's business waste management program?
  • What is the relationship between vandalism and the length of time spent away from a central business district?
  • When compared to their home country, how would you rate the quality of living enjoyed by Filipinas working as foreign domestic workers in Singapore's Downtown area?
  • Does Addis Abeba's nightlife improve or worsen as a function of the city's demographics?
  • How has globalization changed the sound of music in certain middle-income and low-income countries?
  • How do differences in gender, level of education, and working conditions affect the probability of becoming overweight?
  • Does farming in certain Kenyan rural areas conform to Von Thunen's concept of land use?
  • Are lower traffic volumes a result of the congestion charges imposed on vehicles entering central London?
  • How much of a gap exists between the actual and ideal fertility rates in Singapore, and what causes this gap?
  • How much does the rate of female infanticide rise when one moves away from a large city?
  • How well is Menagesha state forest maintained ecologically, and what is its ecological value?
  • Is there a difference in Ethiopia between the metropolitan center of Addis Ababa and the more rural city of Harar when it comes to women's reproductive health?
  • How much have rising temperatures in Singapore caused people to feel less at ease in their own homes?
  • The development of an Atlas Information System Project for Global Mapping
  • Geographical phenomenon structure, connection, and dynamics models
  • Structure, relationship, and dynamics models of spatially extended phenomena
  • Asian, African, and Latin American "regions of underdevelopment" compared and contrasted
  • Using and safeguarding the seas' natural complexity is a worldwide human issue
  • A timeline of humankind's progress through the ages, charting the methods through which space has been explored on Earth.
  • Modeling techniques in the geographic information system and their potential and limits
  • Thoughts and insights gained from working on multimedia geographic information systems.
  • The role that human geography plays in the formation of society and the processes that make it up.
  • The significance of mountains in maintaining the integrity of our planet Earth's surface and atmosphere
  • The primary factor responsible for the majority of the province of British Columbia's wildfire outbreaks
  • The influence that geography has on the functioning of the government and the formulation of new policies
  • The various kinds of atmospheric gases and the roles they play in people's lives.
  • The areas of the world that are most likely to be affected by the effects of global warming
  • Creating a disaster management strategy that is the most effective possible
  • Examine the size, location, and population density of cities all across the world and draw some conclusions.
  • Talk about the mountains, rivers, deserts, plains, forests, and lakes that make up the North American continent.
  • What potential issues may arise if one biome encroached into the area of another?
  • Explore the impact of various modes of transportation on global patterns of human habitation.
  • Explore the link between economic opportunity and global population dispersion.
  • Outline the ways in which people have altered their environment via the extraction and consumption of raw materials
  • Talk about the ways in which people's lives are interconnected through various forms of electronic communication
  • Explain the global impact of temperature shifts on transportation networks.
  • Describe the ways in which the residents of your city or town have modified the landscape over time.

Related Reading

  • Chemistry Extended Essay Topics
  • History Extended Essay Topics

Final Thoughts

We hope that this long list of topic ideas helps you to find the right topic from which you can formulate a research question to explore.

About the author 

Antony W is a professional writer and coach at Help for Assessment. He spends countless hours every day researching and writing great content filled with expert advice on how to write engaging essays, research papers, and assignments.

IBDP Geography

Website by Paul Christmas

Updated 17 May 2024

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  • Extended Essay - Requirements and Full Guide
  • Extended Essay - Requirements and Guide

This page sets out the main requirement of the Extended Essay since 2018. It includes links the IB assessment page and student speak interpretations of the generic extended essay guide set out alongside the geography-specific guide.The following page links you to the IB Extended essay page where you can find the latest documentation that will guide you through the Extended Essay process.Assessment Criteria:

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    This page sets out the main requirement of the Extended Essay since 2018. It includes links the IB assessment page and student speak interpretations of the generic extended essay guide set out alongside the geography-specific guide.The following page links you to the IB Extended essay page where you can find the latest documentation that will guide you through the Extended Essay process ...

  22. Extended Essay in Geography

    The extended essay is a piece of independent research on a topic chosen by the student in consultation with a supervisor in the school. It is presented as a formal piece of sustained academic writing containing no more than 4,000 words accompanied by a reflection form of no more than 500 words. It is the result of approximately 40 hours of work ...

  23. IB Geography Notes: Option A Freshwater Exemplar Essays (all 7s

    Download. Notes. Geography - SL. 7. Exemplar essays for Geography Option A Freshwater / All received a grade of 7 (8/10+) / Based on past topics.