essay on beauty of jammu

Essay on Jammu and Kashmir- 10 Lines, 100, 500, 1000 Words

Essay on Jammu and Kashmir in English: Embark on a comprehensive journey through the captivating landscape and intricate cultural tapestry of Jammu and Kashmir in this enlightening Essay on Jammu and Kashmir.

Explore the region’s rich history, diverse traditions, and the complex socio-political landscape that defines one of India’s most picturesque yet contested territories. Unveil the beauty of its landscapes, delve into the uniqueness of its arts and crafts, and gain insights into the challenges and aspirations that shape the identity of Jammu and Kashmir.

Short Essay on Jammu and Kashmir in 100 Words

Table of Contents

Essay on Jammu and Kashmir in English in 10 Lines

“Delve into the diverse tapestry of Jammu and Kashmir in this insightful essay in English , exploring its rich history, cultural heritage, and the complexities that define its unique identity.”

Jammu and Kashmir, often referred to as “Paradise on Earth,” is a union territory in northern India.
Renowned for its breathtaking landscapes, it encompasses the snowy peaks of the Himalayas and the scenic Dal Lake.
The region has a diverse cultural heritage, influenced by Hindu, Muslim, and Buddhist traditions.
Jammu, known for its temples, serves as a hub for pilgrimage tourism.
Srinagar, the summer capital, is famous for its houseboats, gardens, and traditional handicrafts.
The state’s history is complex, marked by geopolitical disputes and conflicts.
Article 370, granting autonomy, was revoked in 2019, transforming Jammu and Kashmir into a union territory.
The decision sparked debates over regional autonomy, security concerns, and the future of the region.
Despite challenges, efforts continue to restore peace and promote economic development.
Jammu and Kashmir remain a captivating blend of natural beauty, cultural richness, and ongoing socio-political dynamics.

Essay on Jammu and Kashmir in 100 Words – Short Essay

“Explore the multifaceted identity of Jammu and Kashmir in this concise essay, delving into its captivating landscapes, diverse cultural heritage, and the complexities that shape its unique socio-political landscape.”

Jammu and Kashmir, a union territory in northern India, is renowned for its breathtaking landscapes and diverse cultural heritage. The region, often called “Paradise on Earth,” boasts snow-capped Himalayan peaks and the picturesque Dal Lake.

Jammu, a hub of temples, contrasts with Srinagar, the summer capital known for houseboats and traditional crafts. The area’s history is complex, marked by geopolitical disputes and conflicts.

The revocation of Article 370 in 2019 transformed it into a union territory, sparking debates on autonomy and security. Despite challenges, efforts persist to restore peace and foster economic development in this captivating blend of natural beauty and cultural richness.

Essay on Jammu and Kashmir in 500 Words in English

“Embark on a comprehensive exploration of Jammu and Kashmir’s rich history, diverse culture, scenic beauty, and complex geopolitical landscape in this illuminating 500-word Essay on Jammu and Kashmir.”

Jammu and Kashmir, a union territory located in the northern part of India, is a region of immense geographical diversity and cultural richness. Nestled amidst the towering peaks of the Himalayas, this land is often referred to as “Paradise on Earth” for its breathtaking landscapes. The state, before its reorganization in 2019, comprised three distinct regions: Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh.

Jammu, known for its temples and vibrant festivals, reflects a predominantly Hindu cultural influence. The Vaishno Devi shrine, a sacred Hindu pilgrimage site, attracts millions of devotees annually. The region’s topography transitions from the Shivalik foothills to the plains, offering a varied and picturesque landscape.

Kashmir, with its picturesque valleys, lakes, and gardens, is an epitome of natural beauty. Srinagar, the summer capital, is renowned for its houseboats on Dal Lake and Mughal gardens like Shalimar Bagh and Nishat Bagh. The cultural tapestry of Kashmir is a blend of Hindu and Muslim traditions, evident in its handicrafts, traditional attire, and festivals.

Ladakh, the eastern part of the region, is a high-altitude desert known for its stark beauty and Buddhist monasteries. The monastic festivals, such as Hemis Festival, offer a glimpse into Ladakh’s rich cultural heritage. The region’s strategic importance is highlighted by its proximity to the borders of China and Pakistan.

The history of Jammu and Kashmir is marked by complexity, geopolitical significance, and territorial disputes. During the partition of British India in 1947, the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir acceded to India, leading to conflicts with Pakistan. The Line of Control, established after several wars between India and Pakistan, divides the region into areas administered by both nations.

In 2019, the Indian government undertook a historic decision by abrogating Article 370, which granted special autonomy to Jammu and Kashmir. This move transformed the state into two separate union territories: Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh. The decision was met with varied reactions, sparking discussions on regional autonomy, security concerns, and the political future of the region.

Challenges faced by Jammu and Kashmir include security concerns, economic development, and political stability. Insurgency and conflict have impacted the lives of the residents, necessitating efforts for lasting peace and reconciliation. The tourism potential of the region, with its natural beauty and cultural heritage, remains immense. Sustainable tourism initiatives aim to showcase the region’s splendor while preserving its ecological and cultural integrity.

The cultural heritage of Jammu and Kashmir is reflected in its traditional arts and crafts. Pashmina shawls, Kashmiri carpets, and intricate handicrafts are not only economic contributors but also symbols of the region’s artistic prowess. Efforts to promote these crafts globally contribute to the local economy.

Ongoing reconciliation efforts include dialogue, economic development, and outreach programs to address grievances and foster inclusivity among the diverse communities. Despite the challenges, the people of Jammu and Kashmir aspire to see their homeland thrive in peace, prosperity, and cultural harmony, embodying the true essence of the “Paradise on Earth.” The region remains an integral part of India’s narrative, blending a complex history with an enduring spirit for a brighter future.

1000 Words Essay on Jammu and Kashmir

“Embark on an extensive exploration of Jammu and Kashmir’s multifaceted identity, encompassing its rich history, cultural diversity, geographical splendor, and the socio-political dynamics that have shaped this captivating region, in this enlightening 1000-word essay.”

Introduction: A Land of Enchanting Diversity

Jammu and Kashmir, often referred to as the “Crown of India,” is a region of unparalleled beauty and complexity. Nestled in the northernmost part of the country, this union territory is characterized by breathtaking landscapes, rich cultural diversity, and a history marked by geopolitical intricacies.

Geography and Landscape – Nature’s Masterpiece

The geographical diversity of Jammu and Kashmir is a testament to nature’s grandeur. From the snow-capped peaks of the Himalayas to the serene valleys and pristine lakes, the region is a visual spectacle. The iconic Dal Lake in Srinagar, surrounded by houseboats and Mughal gardens, epitomizes the region’s picturesque charm.

Cultural Tapestry – A Melting Pot of Traditions

Jammu and Kashmir’s cultural fabric is woven with threads from Hindu, Muslim, and Buddhist traditions. The coexistence of diverse communities contributes to a rich and harmonious cultural mosaic. The vibrant Hindu influence in Jammu, the Kashmiri Muslim traditions in Srinagar, and the Buddhist heritage in Ladakh collectively create a cultural tapestry unique to the region.

Historical Significance – Complex Narratives

The history of Jammu and Kashmir is a complex narrative shaped by a confluence of events. The princely state’s accession to India post-independence sparked territorial disputes with Pakistan, leading to wars and conflicts. The Line of Control, established after Indo-Pak wars, delineates areas administered by the two nations, adding another layer of complexity to the historical context.

Article 370 and Change in Status – A Historic Transformation

In 2019, a historic decision reverberated through the region when the Indian government abrogated Article 370, thereby revoking Jammu and Kashmir’s special autonomy. The move was accompanied by the bifurcation of the state into two union territories: Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh. This decision stirred debates on regional autonomy, security concerns, and the political trajectory of the region.

Challenges and Aspirations – Navigating Complex Realities

Jammu and Kashmir faces an array of challenges encompassing security concerns, economic development, and political stability. The region has witnessed conflicts and insurgency, impacting the lives of its residents. Ongoing efforts seek to address these challenges, with a focus on restoring peace, promoting tourism, and fostering economic growth.

Cultural Heritage and Handicrafts – Artistry Beyond Boundaries

The region’s cultural heritage finds expression in its traditional arts and crafts. Pashmina shawls, Kashmiri carpets, and intricate handicrafts not only reflect the artistic prowess of the region but also contribute significantly to the local economy. These crafts serve as cultural ambassadors, attracting admirers from around the world.

Tourism Potential – Beyond the Obvious

Jammu and Kashmir’s tourism potential is immense, drawing visitors with its natural beauty, historical sites, and cultural richness. Sustainable tourism initiatives aim to showcase the region’s splendor while preserving its ecological and cultural integrity. Despite the challenges, the allure of the region remains undiminished.

Ongoing Reconciliation Efforts – Nurturing Peaceful Coexistence

Reconciliation efforts play a pivotal role in the region’s journey toward lasting peace. Dialogue, economic development, and outreach programs seek to address grievances and foster a sense of inclusivity and belonging among the diverse communities that call Jammu and Kashmir home.

Conclusion: Jammu and Kashmir – Balancing Beauty and Complexity

In conclusion, Essay on Jammu and Kashmir emerges as a region that seamlessly balances its enchanting natural beauty with the complexities of its historical, cultural, and political landscape. From the towering peaks of the Himalayas to the shores of Dal Lake, every facet of the region tells a story of resilience, diversity, and an enduring spirit that navigates through challenges to carve a path toward a brighter future. The region, with its multifaceted identity, remains an integral part of India’s narrative, inviting exploration, understanding, and an appreciation for the delicate dance between beauty and complexity.

The Essay on Jammu and Kashmir delves into Jammu and Kashmir’s captivating blend of natural splendor, cultural richness, and geopolitical intricacies. From the Himalayan peaks to the serene Dal Lake, the region’s beauty intertwines with a complex history and diverse traditions.

As Jammu and Kashmir navigates challenges and aspirations, it stands as a testament to resilience. The multifaceted tapestry of this union territory invites exploration, fostering an appreciation for its unique identity in the vast landscape of India.

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Essay on Kashmir: History and Beauty in 600+ Words

Updated on
Jan 20, 2024

Essay on Kashmir for Students: Kashmir is a region situated between India and Pakistan in South Asia. It is believed that the name Kashmir originated from the word ‘Ka’ which means water, and ‘shimera’ to desiccate.

The story of Kashmir is complex and has historical, cultural, and political dimensions. Over the years, many rulers and empires, like the Mauryas , Kushans , and Mughals have influenced the paradise of the Earth. The region especially had the special influence of Mauryan ruler Ashoka who contributed to the cultural as well as the architectural heritage of the region.

Cultural Diversity of Kashmir

Kashmir is a region that has a rich history and ancient roots. The place has witnessed the rise and fall of many dynasties, such as the Mauryas , Kushnas , and Guptas . On top of that, these dynasties contributed to the cultural and geographic location of Kashmir, which includes the influence of the Silk Road and the blend of Hindu, Buddhist, and later Islamic influences.

Kashmir Issue

The dispute related to the sharing of borders didn’t stop after Independence. Whether it was India, Pakistan, or China, tensions related to the disputes of the region always created a heat of fire between the countries that led to wars. The list of some important wars are as follows:

1. First Indo-Pak War (1947-1948) : Fought for Jammu Kashmir shortly after India’s independence.

2. Sino-Indian War (1962): A conflict between India and China for the territorial region Aksai Chin.

3. The War of (1965): Fought mainly over Kashmir.

4. Kargil War (1999): A conflict between India and Pakistan in the Kargil district of Jammu and Kashmir.

Article 370 Scrapped

Geographically, Kashmir lies in the northwestern region of the Indian continent. Its total area is around 225,000 square kilometers, which is comparatively larger than the member countries of the United States.

Out of the total area, 85,800 square kilometers have been subject to dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947. It is important to note that the areas with conflict consist of major portions called the Northern, Southern, and Southeastern portions. The 30 percent of the northern part comprises Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan and is administered by Pakistan.

India controls the portion which is more than 55 percent of the area of the land. The area consists of Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Kashmir Valley, and Siachen Glacier which is located in the southern and southeastern portions of India. The area is divided by a line of control and has been under conflict since 1972.

Deepika Joshi

Deepika Joshi is an experienced content writer with expertise in creating educational and informative content. She has a year of experience writing content for speeches, essays, NCERT, study abroad and EdTech SaaS. Her strengths lie in conducting thorough research and ananlysis to provide accurate and up-to-date information to readers. She enjoys staying updated on new skills and knowledge, particulary in education domain. In her free time, she loves to read articles, and blogs with related to her field to further expand her expertise. In personal life, she loves creative writing and aspire to connect with innovative people who have fresh ideas to offer.

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Tourism in Jammu and Kashmir Essay

Tourism today has become one of the largest and fastest growing industries of the world: India is one of the world’s most exciting and attractive tourist resorts. There are several reasons for it. First, she is famous for her scenic beauty. Nature has been kind to her. Secondly, India’s architecture, sculpture and great monuments are the finest creation known to the civilised man.

This day, India’s varied religions and cultures, her colourful fairs and festivals, and her traditional hospitality attract tourists. From all over the world. India earns a lot of foreign exchange. Lastly, India can provide all variety of food suitable for different tastes.

Kashmir is the paradise of tourists: Its scenic beauty and salubrious climate have given it the aptitude of “ Tourists Paradise. ” With its lakes and mountains, its luxurious chinars and tall slender poplars, delicious fruits ancient monuments, its placid rivers and murmuring streams swarming with Himalayan trout, and a host of innumerable natural attractions Kashmir, as G.T. Vigne prophesied in 1885, has become the sine qua non of the traveller to the East.

Kashmir is one of the most attractive tourist resorts in the world: It is a veritable paradise on earth. Beautiful as her mountains are during the day time they appear all the more beautiful and glorious at sunrise and sunset.

Tell me what land can boast of such treasures Is aught so fair is aught so sweet? Hail I Paradise of endless pleasure!” Hail! Beautiful and beloved Kashmir.

The valley of Kashmir has different attractions for different people: It is a pleasure garden for lovers, a playground for sportsmen, an ideal health resort for the sick and a haven of rest and repose for the worried and weary souls. To a poet, its enchanting sights and sounds are a source of joy and inspiration.

To a scholar, its rich folklore and ancient manuscripts promise a world of delight. To a gay, young couple it is an ideal holiday. resort where they can enjoy themselves in luxuriously decorated houseboats or sit under chinar trees. eat cherries and talk of love.

To an artist, it is a land of enchanting colourful scenes which never were on sea or land. To a student of geology, there is a vast field of exploration of rocks and minerals while to students of culture it is the meeting ground of various races and civilizations.

Kashmir has another charm as a holiday resort: In addition to its variety of fruits and flowers, scenes and sights, the choice of varied climate that its hills and meadows offer, there are several opportunities for games and sports.

There are many beauty spots of Kashmir that attract tourists from far-flung places : Pahalgam and Gulmarg are among the finest of them all. The latter is the valley of roses and the tourism department has built up two golf courses of a high standard for the recreation of game lovers. The place is ideal for skiing and trekking.

The Jammu and Kashmir Government Tourist Department extends all kinds of facilities to tourists: It has opened its branches at various important stations to supply information and give help to those who intend planning a holiday in Kashmir. Besides those branches, there are innumerable Tourist Agencies in Kashmir which cater to the needs of visitors.

Ameni ties to tourists have been considerably extended now. A net work of well equipped dak bungalows and tourist huts has been laid out throughout the Valley. A Tourist Reception Centre has been set up for looking after the over all needs of the tourists.

The Unimaginable Beauty of Kashmir

by Mir Saeid | Sep 24, 2020 | Kashmir Diaries , Places & Travel | 2 comments

“If there is a heaven on earth, it is here, it is here, it is here!”- beautifully quoted by Emperor Jahangir on Kashmir back in the 17th century, this quote still holds true almost 4 centuries later.

Right from its picturesque mountains, dense forests, green meadows, gushing rivers, and lakes to its warm and hospitable people- everything about Kashmir is supremely beautiful.

From being the royal retreat of the Mughals to being high-up on every traveller’s list, the beauty of Kashmir has stood in its magnificent glory even in the most uncertain times.

But, what makes Kashmir so unarguably beautiful that innumerable poets, authors, filmmakers, and artists around the world have dedicated their pieces of work to this land of paradise? Let’s find out!

The Unimaginable Beauty of Kashmir: 8 Reasons to prove it

1. picture perfect landscapes:.

Ever been someplace so beautiful that it was hard for you to decide which of its sights was the prettiest? Well, that’s Kashmir for you. With each of its landscapes so breathtaking, it’s hard to not fall in love with the beauty of Kashmir valley. The mighty mountains, tall chinars, pristine lakes and rivers, and nicely manicured gardens are a few of the many things that adorn the Kashmir valley.

2. A nature lover’s paradise:

Who doesn’t love reveling in nature’s many wonders? The natural beauty of Kashmir is sure to leave you awestruck. Kashmir is abound with rich flora. You will find the magnificently large Chinar tree throughout the valley, a tree not very commonly found everywhere. This stunning color-changing tree is at the peak of its utmost beauty at the onset of autumn, making the already gorgeous Kashmir look like something straight out of a storybook.

Go a little further into the mountains and you’ll find dense forests lined with deodar, fir, pine, and cedar trees. Come spring and the tulips here are in full bloom. The many fields here in Kashmir lined with colorful tulips are sure to make your stop and stare. The lush green and flowery meadows are sure to take your heart away too!

We could go on and on about the resplendent nature of Kashmir, but to experience it for yourself, you must come here at least once.

3. A land of many pristine lakes and rivers:

The land of Kashmir is home to numerous water bodies. There is nothing quite as calming as sitting by a lake or river and just getting lost in nature’s bounty. No matter where you go in Kashmir, you are sure to come across many pristine lakes, glaciers and rivers.

A shikara ride on the Dal lake in Srinagar is a complete experience in itself. Watching the floating gardens and markets will mesmerize you. The Wular lake is yet another famous lake near Srinagar. The Mansar and Surinsar lakes are the perfect places to spend some time relaxing and rejuvenating. Gadsar lake in Sonmarg is a hidden gem that can only be reached through a trek. Similarly, the Mansalbal lake in the Ganderbal district is a bird lover’s paradise.

Rivers like the Sindh or Indus, Lidder river, Zanskar river, and many others beautify the landscape of Kashmir multi-folds.

Every lake and river offers an altogether different view and each one is sure to take your breath away.

4. The Lush Valleys:

The untamed and unspoiled valleys of Kashmir have their own charm. Aru Valley and Betaab Valley in Pahalgam, Nubra Valley in Ladakh, Zanskar in Leh, Baltal in Sonmarg, and the Yusmarg valley near Srinagar are some of the top ones here. These verdant valleys are surrounded by mountains and abound with lakes, waterfalls, and numerous trees and meadows. The natural beauty of Kashmir is at its peak here and will astound you in every way.

5. A land with rich culture and history:

The beauty of Kashmir isn’t just limited to its surroundings but is also deeply rooted in its rich culture and history. Over the years, Kashmir has been ruled and loved by various rulers. So, its culture is a diverse blend influenced by various other cultures.

And it is prevalent in the day-to-day life of the Kashmiris. Kashmir’s rich history is prevalent in its various historic monuments like the Pari Mahal, Shalimar Bagh, Avantipur temples, and Leh Palace. These monuments tell a story of an era gone long by and are pretty interesting places, especially for history enthusiasts.

Another thing that is deeply rooted in Kashmiri culture is the art of handicraft making. Kashmir is quite popular for its handicrafts right from the Pashmina shawl, carpets to paper mache and wood carving. When talking about Kashmir’s beauty, we just simply cannot ignore its rich culture and heritage.

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6. Soothing Weather:

Even on the harshest of summer days, Kashmir has pretty soothing weather. So, where temperature rises over 40 degrees celsius in the rest of the country, Kashmir is the perfect place to visit. The early winter is also a great time to visit Kashmir for an incredible snowy experience.

Kashmir basically turns into a wonderland as the winter season sets in. The snow-capped mountains and white surroundings are quite a sight to behold. The autumn season here is quite charming too. As the trees change their colors and the weather turns pleasant, Kashmir in autumn looks as pretty as a picture.

7. There is something for everyone here:

Right from the adventurous soul, the trekking enthusiast, the nature lover, leisure seeker, and every kind of person in-between, the beauty of Kashmir has something to offer to everyone. The adventurous soul can feel the adrenaline rush by taking part in various adventurous activities.

Kashmir is basically a hub for those who love adventure. Whereas, the leisure seeker can just bask in the beauty of the Kashmir valley. Nobody ever leaves the Kashmir valley disappointed.

8. The warm and friendly people:

The beauty of a place cannot be complete without its warm and friendly locals. And the same goes for Kashmir too. As soon as you set foot on this paradisiacal land, the warm people here will welcome you with open arms.

We tried to summarize the beauty of Kashmir in 8 points. But you can only experience it for yourself when you visit this magical place.

The whole of Kashmir is undoubtedly, very beautiful. Here are a few places whose beauty you absolutely must not miss.

Beauty of Kashmir valley in 6 places:

1. srinagar:.

The summer capital of Jammu & Kashmir, Srinagar is a city that you absolutely must visit. This is also the largest city in Kashmir. Dal lake is one of the major reasons why tourists are attracted to this city. Staying on the stationary houseboats, a ride on the Shikara are some of the things that you must do here. This is also a paradise for all photography enthusiasts.

2. Gulmarg:

Also known as the ‘Meadow of flowers’, Gulmarg is a beautiful place to visit. This place is also known to be one of the best skiing destinations in the world. A ride in the Gondola or the cable car is one of the top things to do here, offering a complete view of this gorgeous hill station.

Gulmarg is a true paradise for all snow lovers and adventure seekers. Nature is also quite splendid here. Gulmarg is generously blessed with a huge variety of flowers, lakes, and lush green surroundings.

3. Sonmarg:

Sonmarg is yet another splendid place to visit in Kashmir. Like the rest of the Kashmir valley, Sonmarg too, is abound with natural beauty. Participate in some adventure sports or just take some time off and marvel at nature’s bounty when in Sonmarg.

4. Pahalgam :

This is THE place to be for all enthusiastic trekkers. From some easy to the most challenging treks, Pahalgam has everything. Pahalgam is also a place that you go to when you are looking for some serenity away from the grind of daily life. With its enchanting beauty that truly looks out of this world, Pahalgam is sure to give you an experience of a lifetime.

Wish to Travel to Kashmir?

5. Yusmarg:

This is one of the offbeat places in Kashmir that you must visit. Head to Yusmarg for some peace and quiet and unwind yourself amidst nature. Come here once and we are sure that you wouldn’t want to leave this extremely serene place.

6. Patnitop:

Picturesque scenery is what defines Patnitop the best. With a plethora of activities to do and numerous sights to behold, Patnitop is one of the best places in Kashmir.

Over to You

Of course, these 6 places are just some of the many amazing places in Kashmir. The mountains, the rivers, the lakes, the trees, the saffron and tulip fields, the valleys- everything about Kashmir is unfathomably beautiful. It is said that the beauty of Kashmir can turn anyone into a poet. And rightly so. With a trip to Kashmir, you are in for a wonderful surprise. It is an experience of a lifetime, a memory to cherish forever.

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Jammu & Kashmir
Brief Introduction

Jammu and Kashmir Information

Brief Introduction of Jammu & Kashmir

Jammu & Kashmir is a newly created Union Territory in India consisting of two divisions: Jammu Division & Kashmir Division, both of which are administered by the Central Government of India. It is located to the north of Himachal Pradesh & Punjab and to the west of Ladakh. Jammu is known as the City of Temples & offers plentiful sightseeing opportunities with its gardens, palaces, forts & religious attractions, the most famous of which is Mata Vaishno Devi in Katra. Kashmir Valley is famous for its meadows, lakes, high altitude passes, hill stations, Mughal Gardens, Dal Lake, Shikara Ride & ancient religious sites.

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Delight of Kashmir

History of jammu & kashmir.

Among the many interesting facts about Jammu and Kashmir, one is that it was a princely state during the rule of the British East India Company & the British Raj from 1846 to 1947. The princely state was formed after the 1st Anglo Sikh War. During the Partition of India & its political integration, Hari Singh, the Maharaja of Jammu & Kashmir, delayed his decision regarding integration with India.

However, on 26th October, 1947, the Maharaja acceded to India in return for military aid during the Indo-Pakistan War of 1947-48 by signing the Instrument of Accession. That was how Jammu and Kashmir came to be a part of India. Article 370, which gave special status to Jammu & Kashmir, a separate constitution, state flag & autonomy over its internal administration, was incorporated into the Constitution.

A new chapter in the history of Jammu & Kashmir was added on 6th August, 2019, when the Government of India removed Article 370 and consequently, the special status of Jammu & Kashmir. It also passed the Jammu & Kashmir Reorganisation Act, which created 2 Union Territories - Jammu & Kashmir in the west & Ladakh in the East. There are now 3 administrative divisions: Jammu Division, Kashmir Division & Ladakh.

Population of Jammu & Kashmir

According to the latest census conducted in 2011, the population in Jammu is 5.04 lakhs, while the population in Kashmir Valley is 69.1 lakhs.

Climate of Jammu & Kashmir

The climate of Jammu Region is different from Kashmir Valley, even though they receive three seasons: summer, monsoon & winter.

Summer Season: Summer in Jammu starts from March & continues till May, with the temperature ranging between 35°C going as high as 45°C. Summer in Kashmir Valley starts from May and lasts till August, with the temperature ranging between 14°C to 30°C.
Monsoon Season: Monsoon in Jammu starts from June & lasts till September, with the temperature ranging between 32°C to 35°C. The rainfall causes a sharp increase in the humidity levels. In Kashmir Valley, monsoon starts from July & lasts till August, with the temperature ranging from 13°C to 17°C.
Winter Season: Winter in Jammu & Kashmir starts from October & lasts till February. While it gets quite cold in both Jammu Region & Kashmir Valley during winters, it gets much more colder in Kashmir Valley, with the temperature dropping as low as -2°C.

The temperature in Kashmir Valley ranges between -2°C to 10°C. In Jammu, the temperature in winter ranges between 4°C to 12°C, and is known as the “Winter Capital of Jammu & Kashmir”, since it offers an escape from the freezing temperatures of Kashmir Valley.

Religion of Jammu & Kashmir

The major religion of Jammu Region is Hinduism, and it is home to important Hindu pilgrimage sites, including the famous Mata Vaishno Devi Temple in Katra.

In Kashmir Valley, Islam is practised by the majority of people. Amarnath Cave, a major Hindu Pilgrimage Site, is located about 141 kilometers from Srinagar.

District of Jammu & Kashmir

Districts in Jammu Region: There are 10 districts in Jammu Region. These are Kathua, Jammu, Samba, Udhampur, Reasi, Rajouri, Poonch, Doda, Ramban & Kishtwar.
Districts in Kashmir Region: Kashmir Valley Region consists of 10 districts, which are Anantnag, Kulgam, Pulwama, Shopian, Budgam, Srinagar, Ganderbal, Bandipora, Baramulla & Kupwara.

Literacy Rate in Jammu and Kashmir

As per the Census 2011 (the last census conducted in India), Jammu & Kashmir has a literacy rate of 67.16%. Male literacy is 76.75%, while female literacy rate is 56.43%.

Lifestyle of Jammu & Kashmir People

The lifestyle of the Jammu people is not very different from the rest of the people of India. They are deeply religious, and value their culture heritage a lot. Religion plays a central role in their lives, and regularly visit the numerous temples scattered around the city.

Both men & women can be seen in modern as well as traditional attire. The majority of the Jammu people speak Dogri, Gojri, Pahadi, Kashmiri, Hindi, Punjabi & Urdu.

In the Kashmir Valley, people follow a traditional lifestyle, while accommodating the modern influences to a certain extent. Historically, Central Asian & Persian influences on Kashmir have been quite strong.

The traditional dress of the people here is Pheran & Poots, which is worn by both men and women. Along with this, Mughal style turbans, headgear, taranga belt of pashmina & coloured scarf are also worn by the people. The principal languages spoken are Kashmiri & Urdu.

Source of Economy

One of the sources of economy in Jammu are a number of small industries in Jammu that produce a variety of items like electronic goods and carpets. Tourism also contributes in a big way to the economy of Jammu, since it is dotted with cultural, historical & spiritual sites.

Some of the most famous are Bahu Fort, Raghunath Temple, Mubarak Mandi Palace, Bagh-e-Bahu Garden & one of the most visited Hindu pilgrimage places in India, the Mata Vaishno Devi Temple in Katra.

The primary source of revenue for the people of Kashmir Valley is agriculture & related activities along with tourism. Sericulture and cold water fisheries are other industries that provide livelihood to people in Kashmir Valley. High quality bats known as Kashmir Willow is made from the wood found in this region.

A variety of agricultural exports are also made in Kashmir including those of barley, cherries, corn, millet, orange, rice, peaches, pears, saffron & vegetables. Apples grown in Kashmir are exported throughout India and the world.

Tourism also contributes a large part to the economy of Kashmir Valley, and attracts tourists both from India and around the world, not just for its spectacular landscape but its rich culture & heritage.

Music & Dance of Jammu & Kashmir

The music of Jammu & Kashmir has been influenced by a variety of musical influences, including that of Central, Eastern & Southern Asia. Some of the most famous musical forms practiced in Kashmir are Chakri, Henzae, Ladishah, Rouf, Hindustani Classical & Sufiana Kalam.

The rich culture of Jammu & Kashmir also includes several dances that are performed during birthdays, festivals & other special occasions. Some of the traditional dance forms are Dumhal, Kud, Bhand Pather, Rouf, Hafiza & Bacha Nagma.

Cuisine of Jammu & Kashmir

Both the Jammu Region & the Kashmir Valley boast a rich cuisines, with a variety of vegetarian & non vegetarian dishes.

The cuisine of Jammu incorporates the use of several items like pulses, lentils, rice and potatoes. The Dogri dishes are a major part of its cuisine and includes a variety of dishes like Ambal, Kulthi ki Dal, Khatta Meat, Dal Patt, Maa da Madra, and Auraiya.

Pickles are also an important part of the Jammu cuisine, and greatly enjoyed by the people. Kasrod, Jimikand, Girgle, Tyaoo & Seyoo are some of the pickles served along with the main dish. Desserts like chocolate barfi, patista & sund panjeeri are the major sweet dishes in Jammu.

The cuisine of Kashmir Valley reflects Central Asian, Persian & Afghan influences. Spices like cardamom, cinnamon, fennel & cloves are widely used. One of the most famous dishes in Kashmir is Wazwan, a collection of 32 vegetarian & non vegetarian dishes.

The most popular dishes greatly enjoyed by the people are Tabakhmaaz, Shab Deg, Dum Olav/Dum Aloo, Aab Gosh, Lyader Tschaman, Runwagan Tschaman, Riste, Nader ti Gaad, Herath, Novroze, Yakhni, and the widely acclaimed Rogan Josh.

Bread is also greatly relished by the local people, with various kinds of breads like Tsot & Tsochvor, Sheermal, Lavas & Kulcha. Kehwa, a type of tea mixed with Kashmiri green tea leaves, nuts, saffron & whole spices, is served to guests and greatly enjoyed by the people too.

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Jammu & kashmir travel information at a glance, about j & k.

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Jammu City Travel Guide
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Jammu Kashmir – Culture and Tradition

The state of Jammu & Kashmir has always been a disputed land since the Independence of India. J&K is the reason for the conflict between India , Pakistan , and China . Jammu and Kashmir also called the Venice of East . Since its formation, J&K is a center of Extremist and Separatists powers.

The region has been violently disputed by India and Pakistan since its 1947 partition. China, too, which borders the region to the north and east, has been involved in these conflicts. The Indian portion of Kashmir is called Jammu and Kashmir and it’s capital in Srinagar. The Pakistani-controlled part of the region is called Azad Kashmir and its capital is Muzaffarabad.

Though, some of the time this state is closed down due to curfew, tourists still flock to the place to enjoy the natural beauty and the pleasant climate. This is why it is called the Switzerland of India.

The capital of Jammu & Kashmir in summer is Srinagar ( March – October ) and in winter the capital is Jammu (October – March).

The history of Kashmir started just before the great Mahabharat war. The first ruler of Kashmir was Gonanda, Gonanda was killed in a battle along with his son and at the time of the commencement of the Mahabharat war, Gonanda II was ruling over Kashmir. Ashoka founded the old city of Srinagar known now as “Pandrethan”. After the death of Ashoka, his son Jaluka ascended the throne of Kashmir, and the latter was succeeded by his son King Damodar II.

The valley for over two hundred years was ruled by Indo-Greek Kings before the start of the “ Turushka ” (Kushan) rule in the state. The contact with the Greeks is responsible for the beautiful architectural and sculptural style of old Kashmir temples. Khemgupta ascended the throne of Kashmir in 950. The last Hindu ruler of Kashmir was Udayan Dev. Before his death, he embraced Islam. His death in 1339 paved the way for the establishment of Muslim rule in Kashmir.

Then Kashmir was ruled by Muslims and Mughal respectively. The Mughal rulers never came alone but were always accompanied by hundreds of Nobles, Amirs and Umrah, Princes, and Army Generals. Then came the Afghan Rule and the Dogra Period, The greatest service of the first Dogra ruler is the foundation that he laid for the modern Jammu and Kashmir State.

When India got freedom in 1947 Hari Singh the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, wanted his state to remain independent, and have two options either to include their state in India or in Pakistan, Hari Singh took a long time to make this decision. At the same time, Kashmiri (Muslim majority population) on the Pakistan side opened a front against Hari Singh. To deal with the rebellion, Hari Singh sought the help of the Indian Army and agreed to merge his kingdom in India.

The land was divided into two parts- India and Pakistan. The Indian side of Kashmir is called Jammu and Kashmir and the Pakistani-controlled part of the region is called Azad Kashmir.

Culture and Tradition of Jammu Kashmir

Jammu Kashmir is a diverse blend of various cultures People from different religious and social practices of Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, and Buddhist have created a composite culture of the state which is called Kashmiriyat. Kashmiri comprises of Kashmiri Pundits, Kashmiri Muslims, Gurjars, and Rajasthani Rajputs.

Kashmiri Weddings traditions are full of joyful and traditional ceremonies. Emphasis is also laid into matching the background, status, and reputation of the family of the prospective match.

Costumes of Jammu Kashmir

Costumes of Jammu and Kashmir are well known for their embroidery and intricate designs, which reflect the richness of the culture and landscape of the region. The form of clothing is designed to counter the cold climate of the region. Most of the garments are made of wool, silk designed with intricate embroideries and cotton.

The Pheran is a prominent attire for Kashmiri women. The Pheran is worn by women usually has Zari, embroidery on the hemline, around pockets, and mostly on the collar area. Ladies prefer a suit and Burgha in summer and Pheran are preferred in autumn.

The typical dress of a Kashmiris man both Hindu and Muslim is Pheran, a long loose gown hanging down below the knees. The men wear a skullcap, a close-fitting shalwar (Muslims), or churidar pyjama (Pandits).

Suggested Read: Carpets of Jammu and Kashmir

Cuisines in Jammu Kashmir

Kashmiri food is a blend of Kashmiri Pandits, Muslims, and Mughals styles. The Dogras are Hindu, so they are mainly vegetarian, eating a staple of rice, wheat, and beans. They take plenty of vegetables but the favorite dish is the hak or karam sag. In the cities, mutton is consumed in large quantities but in the villages, it is still a luxury reserved only for festive occasions. Beef is forbidden to Hindus.

Kashmiri food is meat-based, slowly cooked for a long time with many exotic spices. Although they are the inhabitants of a cold country, Kashmiris abhor the use of intoxicating drinks. The traditional green tea with spices and almonds known as Kahva is consumed during the winters of Kashmir. A Kashmiri meal ends with a cup of ‘kahva’.

Kashmiri Pulao is a common dish for Kashmiri vegetarians other dishes are Dum Olav/Dun Aloo, Karam sag, and Nadier Palak. Also, spices, curd, and condiments are common ingredients of Kashmiri cuisine. Phirni is a sweet delicacy of Jammu and Kashmir.

Music and Dances of Jammu Kashmir

Due to Kashmir’s close proximity to Central Asia, Eastern Asia, and Southern Asia, a unique blend of music has evolved encompassing the music of the three regions.

But, overall, Kashmiri Valley music is closer to Central Asian music, using traditional Central Asian instruments and musical scales, while music from Jammu is similar to that of North India.

The Dumhal is a famous dance in the Kashmir valley, performed by men of the Wattal region. The women perform the Rouff, another traditional folk dance.

Famous tourist attraction

In Jammu and Kashmir, the most important tourist places are the Kashmir Valley, Srinagar, the Mughal Gardens, Gulmarg, Pahalgam, Jammu. Some areas require a special permit for non-Indians to visit.

The tourism economy in the Kashmir valley was the worst hit due to militancy in the state. However, the holy shrines of Jammu continue to remain popular pilgrimage and tourism destinations.

Every year, thousands of Hindu pilgrims visit the holy shrines of Vaishno Devi and Amarnath which has had a significant impact on the state’s economy.

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| Kashmir 2019 Siege |

V eteran civil rights activist and journalist Gautam Navlakha, who surrendered before National Intelligence Agency (NIA) in New Delhi on April 14 following a Supreme Court order on the Bhima-Koregaon case , has had a long and deep engagement with Kashmir.

As an activist and journalist, Navlakha has visited and worked in Kashmir for decades. Anyone who knows him in Kashmir knows how he’s always spoken out, and written about, their political and human rights. He’s also produced a body of work documenting the changing political situation and rights violations in Kashmir over the years. He’s also written extensively on the impact of heavy militarization on the economy and on the lives of people in Kashmir. Navlakha has equally been a part of many ground-breaking, fact-finding delegations and reports on Jammu and Kashmir, some of which are not available online.

While his writings on Kashmir largely focus on state violence and militarization in the region, his writings on the Maoist insurgency focus on both the sociology and organization of insurgency itself.

About a decade ago, I remember Navlakha speaking in a civil society seminar in Srinagar. The pain in his voice showed a rare concern and deep empathy for the struggles of people in Kashmir.

He also spoke about how it’s probably the only movement where so many people have suffered so much and over many decades without achieving anything substantial in return.

“I can’t understand why Kashmir doesn’t get anything concrete despite all the sacrifices people have made here over decades,” he said, wanting the people to also think about protecting their lives while also resisting abusive power. “You ask any sacrifice and people have made it here. You deserve a better future now.”

I’m reminded of what Belarusian writer Svetlana Alexievich, who was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Literature, said in her moving Nobel Lecture which also sums up the sense of loss and pain in Kashmir.

“Suffering is our capital, our natural resource,” she said. “Not oil or gas – but suffering. It is the only thing we are able to produce consistently. I’m always looking for the answer: why doesn’t our suffering convert into freedom?”

Here’s a list of 10 essays by Gautam Navlakha on Kashmir, with short excerpts and online links to full essays, which were published in different publications, many of them in the reputed Economic and Political Weekly, dating back to the early 1990s.

10 Must-Read Essays on Kashmir by Gautam Navlakha

“Bharat’s Kashmir War” by Gautam Navlakha (EPW, December 21, 1991)

This paper attempts to clarify the Kashmir imbroglio by investigating its genesis in the context of the Indian state’s responses.

“In most Indian writings, however, the characterisation of the movement in Kashmir as communal and fundamentalist proceeds from the argument that the Kashmiri Pandits are being hounded out of Kashmir and since they do not share the desire for referendum the demand cannot be ‘nationalist’ since nationalism is a secular identity. The contrary is however true. Nationalism is not the opposite of religious identity. The point of commonality is not just the religious zeal.”

Bharat’s Kashmir War In the last two years a lot has been written on Kashmir. But arguments on all sides have been more in the nature of assertions rather than informed reasoning. J…

“Kashmir: At the Edge of the Possible” by Gautam Navlakha (Economic and Political Weekly, September 17, 1994)

“…since the Indian army cannot defeat militancy and because the government is not trying hard enough for a political solution, not even when political openings come its way, and with involvement of international agencies being increasingly perceived as the only way in which the Indian government can be dissuaded from persisting with its militaristic response to what has been and remains a political problem, the prospect of peace without the association of Hurriyet to work out the framework and modality of a referendum remains remote.”

Kashmir At the Edge of the Possible Kashmir: At the Edge of the Possible Gautam Navlakha The emergence of the militant organisation Harkatul Ansar holds the prospect of mindless violence of a kind one sees in Afghanistan, but the blame for this must rest squarely on the government, on its total lack of foresight.

“India Turns Clock Back” Back by Gautam Navlakha (EPW, May 22, 1993)

“It needs reiteration that chauvinism and anti-Muslim prejudice all over India found sustenance in lies about destruction of temples in Kashmir or in ignorance of the facts of Kashmiri Pandit migration from the valley which actually accelerated after Jagmohan took over in January 1990. This should act as a reminder that if the policy of attrition is not controlled back, the consequences point in the direction of a xenophobic build-up which will pave the way eventually for ‘demo-graphic Indianisation’.”

KASHMIR- India Turns Clock Back The decision to impose army rule in Kashmir, in effect if not formally, represents a tragic turn of policy, as much for India as for the people of Kashmir. Step by step the government has been moving in precisely the direction which the BJP and the Hindu chauvinists have been urging it to take.

“Chrar-e-Sharief: Victory for Hardliners on Both Sides” by Gautam Navlakha (EPW, May 20, 1995)

“On May 9, the day before the destruction of Chrar-e-Sharief, the right and left in parliament unitedly condemned the government for ‘kneeling’ before the militants. Not a word was said about the Kashmiri people’s alienation and the violence perpetrated against them. Indeed there was not even the usual vacuous talk of the political process.”

Chrar-e-Sharief-Victory for Hardliners on Both Sides The government’s version of the hunting of Chrar-e-Sharief and the events leading up to it are full of holes, but more important is it that the destruction of the shrine has dealt a blow to the efforts of Kashmiri leaders such as Shabir Shah and Yasin Malik who Have been working courageously to bring the gun under control in Kashmir.

“It’s Never Too Late to Do the Right Thing” by Gautam Navlakha (EPW, July 29, 2000)

“History teaches that people are not mere spectators who cannot influence the course of events. When successive governments failed the citizens by dividing the people, then it would be a mistake to leave every-thing to the discretion of the government. It is for us to fight for a just and honourable peace. Irrespective of what the government or militant leadership do in J&K, actions of solidarity can also stem the tide of communal polarisation. But before everything else we must welcome and lend unqualified support to the Kashmiris because it is the inalienable right of all of us to revolt against oppression to defend our dignity and freedom. It is only then our concerns will acquire meaning, and be taken seriously. To the extent people make their own histories the choice is ours.”

Kashmir : It’s Never Too Late to Do the Right Thing An obsession with territorial integrity has undermined the singular importance of the politics of solidarity, preventing an appreciation of the ground realities in Kashmir. The government’s current offer to hold unconditional talks with the militant leadership, while commendable, cannot succeed unless there is a recognition of the urgent need to begin the long process of gaining the confidence of the Kashmiris.

State of Jammu and Kashmir’s Economy” by Gautam Navlakha (EPW, October 6, 2007)

“The Economic Survey for J&K does show how despite the disruptions and privations caused by war, economic performance has improved. Quite apart from sweeping statements about employment in horticulture and the importance of tourism, it does, however, skirt the fact that without addressing the issue of occupation of land by troops and restrictions placed on the use of water resources, both intricately linked to a political solution, problems will remain in the path of realising the full economic potential of the state.”

State of Jammu and Kashmir’s Economy The 2006-07 Economic Survey for Jammu and Kashmir reveals that despite the privations of conflict, the performance of the economy has improved in recent years. However, unless the two political issues of occupation of land and restrictions on the use of the state’s water resources are removed, the full economic potential of the state will not be realised.

“Doctrine for Sub-conventional Operations: A Critique” (Economic and Political Weekly, April 13, 2007)

In late 2006, the Indian army released its first ever doctrine on sub-conventional operations, i e, internal operations. This article critiques the document. “It is worth nothing what the Army Chief told the students of Sainik School in Thiruvananthapuram on February 17, 2007. According to him, the army’s fight is against the “divisive forces” and “our cause is just” and “we fight to win”. Win in this context means to suppress people.”

Doctrine for Sub-Conventional Operations: A Critique on JSTOR In late 2006, the Indian army released its first ever doctrine on sub-conventional operations, i e, internal operations. This article critiques the document.

“Kashmir: State Cultivation of the Amarnath Yatra” by Gautam Navlakha (Monthly Review, Aug 08, 2008)

“Arguably, when the yatra was halted between 1991 and 1996 due to the threat by a section of the militants it played into the hands of the extreme right wing elements in Indian society who have since then played an integral role in mobilising large numbers of pilgrims. However, it is equally important to note that earlier, schoolchildren and college youth used to act as volunteers and provide assistance to the yatris. Even when this was discontinued after 1996, the main indigenous militant organisation the Hizbul Mujahideen and Muslim Janbaz Force always supported the yatra and consistently demonstrated its opposition towards those who tried to disrupt it. And even today there is no section of people who opposes the yatra. What they resent is the horrendously jingoistic turn that it has taken under the SASB.”

MR Online | Kashmir: State Cultivation of the Amarnath Yatra The origins of the conflagration in June in Kashmir on forest land allocation for construction of facilities for the Amarnath yatra lie in open state promotion of the pilgrimage. The yatra has caused considerable damage to the economy and ecology of the area. The high-handed actions of the Shri Amarnath Shrine Board only aggravated the situation.

“From the Killing Fields of Kashmir to the Finishing Line” by Gautam Navlakha (Sanhati, October 10, 2010)

“Truth and demand for justice are on the side of the Kashmiri people. It would be a sad day were these battles won after so much of sacrifice, is allowed to be squandered for illusory gains at the behest of mealy-mouthed Indian ruling classes. There can be no replacement for right of self-determination. It is in Indian people’s interest, for our own democratic struggle, that we stand by this demand of the Kashmiri people. Defeat of oppressors in Kashmir, unlike the doomsayers, will strengthen our struggle.”

From the Killing Fields of Kashmir to the Finishing Line By Gautam Navlakha Where armed conflicts have gone on for a long period (decades) and where negotiations have been used by the State to win time or tire out opponents, or talks are deadlocked or cannot ensure compliance with whatever solution is reached, then making a reference to the people is the most sensible way […]

“The Kashmir Question: Nation-state, War, and Religion” by Gautam Navlakha (Indian Cultural Forum, Feb 2018)

“India’s working people cannot emancipate selves if they do not come out strongly against the persecution of the Kashmiri people at the hand of the same bourgeoisie nation-state which exploits and oppresses Indian people in general. While the Indian public may not influence external developments vis a vis Pakistan or China, they certainly can affect domestic perceptions and transform the terms of debate. Therefore, it matters how India’s progressives steer their political course and whether they can provide an alternate perspective on Kashmir to counter the myopic official discourse. It needs no reiteration that it is “never too late to do the right thing.”

The Kashmir Question: Nation-State, War and Religion – Gautam Navlakha Gautam Navlakha

Relevant Links

‘My Hope Rests on a Speedy and Fair Trial’: Gautam Navlakha Before His Surrender The Supreme Court recently rejected the bail applications of scholar and activist Gautam Navlakha, who was booked under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, or UAPA for allegedly fomenting violence during during the Bhima Koregaon event. The top court gave him and scholar Anand Teltumbde one week to surrender.

India Covid-19: SC Decision To Send HRDs Gautam Navlakha And Anand Teltumbde To Jail Is Cruel And Disappointing – Amnesty International India Amnesty International India Bangalore / New Delhi: 10 April 2020 12:39 pm Amid the spread of COVID-19, the Supreme Court of India’s order directing the arrest and imprisonment of two human rights defenders, Anand Teltumbde and Gautam Navlakha within a week, is disappointing.

Why is India targeting writers during the coronavirus pandemic? | Priyamvada Gopal and Salil Tripathi As a lethal virus scorches its way across continents, the leftwing Indian rights campaigner Gautam Navlakha has been reminding us of the words of Leonard Cohen, urging people to speak up for the right things: “There is a crack/a crack in everything, that’s how light gets in.”

‘New Low in India’s Political History’: PUDR Condemns Anand Teltumbde, Gautam Navlakha’s Arrests New Delhi: Condemning the arrest of social activists and intellectuals Anand Teltumbde and Gautam Navlakha on Tuesday, the People’s Union for Democratic Rights (PUDR) said that this “attempt to browbeat rights activists” marked a “deep and scathing new low in the political history of contemporary India”.

India: Activists Detained for Peaceful Dissent (New York) – Indian authorities on April 14, 2020 detained two rights activists who have been critics of government policies, Human Rights Watch said today. The government should immediately drop all charges under a counterterrorism law against Anand Teltumbde and Gautam Navlakha for allegedly inciting caste-based violence along with other activists during a demonstration in Maharashtra state in 2017.

Mounting international concern over detention of civil rights activists in India in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic Over 5,000 Individuals and 15 Organizations Sign Global Statement of Support for Dr. Anand Teltumbde and Mr. Gautam Navlakha On 16 March 2020, a Supreme Court bench comprising the judges Arun Mishra and Mukeshkumar Rasikbhai Shah rejected the anticipatory bail pleas of the civil-rights activist Gautam Navlakha and the writer Anand Teltumbde, in relation to the violence at Bhima Koregaon in January 2018.

Stand in Solidarity with Anand Teltumbde and Gautam Navlakha Stand in Solidarity with Anand Teltumbde and Gautam Navlakha Statement by Activists, Academics and Concerned Citizens In August 2018, the Pune Police implicated Prof. Anand Teltumbde and Gautam Navlakha with other human right activists and lawyers in the now-infamous fabricated Elgar Parishad case.

Journalist Gautam Navlakha tells CPJ he fears imprisonment amid COVID-19 pandemic New Delhi, April 9, 2020 — Indian authorities should stop pursuing the arrest of journalist Gautam Navlakha, and should cease holding journalists in jail during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Committee to Protect Journalists said today.

Clampdown On Dissent Continues During The Covid-19 Pandemic In India The clampdown on dissent in India continues. Even during a pandemic, the Government of India is seeing to that targeting those critical of the government are being targeted. When hard-won rights to expression and peaceful protest are weakened, everyone stands to lose.

Human Rights Defender Gautam Navlakha’s Letter Before His Arrest As I prepare to Ieave to surrender before the NIA headquarters in Delhi I am glad that Justice Arun Mishra and Justice Indira Banerjee gave me another week of freedom when they passed the order on April 8, 2020. A week of freedom means a lot in my condition, even in the age of lockdown.

Global Solidarity Staement for Dr. Anand Teltumbde and Gautam Navlakha – Jamhoor This is a time sensitive petition for the immediate release of Anand Teltumbde and Gautam Navlakha, two of India’s foremost civil rights activists and public intellectuals. Please read and sign this petition here: Global Solidarity Statement for Dr. Anand Teltumbde and Gautam Navlakha .

Human rights groups denounce Indian activists’ arrest as crackdown on dissent – La Prensa Latina Media New Delhi, Apr 15 (efe-epa).- Human rights nonprofits on Wednesday came down hard against the Indian government a day after the arrest of scholar Anand Teltumbde and rights activist Gautam Navlakha under an anti-terrorism law for allegedly inciting violence during a protest in 2018, calling it a clampdown on dissent.

96c03acb00 – United States Department of State India is a multiparty, federal, parliamentary democracy with a bicameral legislature. The president, elected by an electoral college composed of the state assemblies and parliament, is the head of state, and the prime minister is the head of government.

Under UAPA, Process Itself Becomes Punishment, Writes Activist Gautam Navlakha Before Surrendering | NewsClick As the country remembers Dr Bhimrao Ambedkar on the occasion of his birth anniversary, civil rights activists Gautam Navlakha and Anand Teltumbde, who were booked under the draconian UAPA in relation to the Bhima Koregaon violence in 2018, are set to surrender to the police.

Indian columnist arrested on trumped-up “Maoism” charge | Reporters without borders Reporters Without Borders (RSF) calls for the immediate and unconditional release of Gautam Navlakha, a well-known columnist and human rights defender who, despite serious humanitarian concerns, has been jailed on a flimsy charge brought by India’s counter-terrorism police, the National Investigation Agency (NIA).

Persecution of rights activists and voices of dissent in India Recently, in a series of synchronized raids carried throughout India, various human rights activists and vocal critics of the ruling government were arrested under the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA), an anti-terror law. These arrests have been widely criticized for being politically motivated as they are aimed at curbing the right of free speech and dissent or criticism towards the government.

Dalit leaders condemn Anand Teltumbde’s arrest on 14 April-Ambedkar Jayanti On 16 March 2020, a Supreme Court bench comprising the judges Arun Mishra and Mukeshkumar Rasikbhai Shah rejected the anticipatory bail pleas of the civil-rights activist Gautam Navlakha and the writer Teltumbde, in relation to the violence at Bhima Koregaon in January 2018.

UK Rights Organisations condemn arrest of Anand Teltumbde and Gautam Navlakha UK Rights Organisations condemn the imminent arrest of Prof Dr Anand Teltumbde and Gautam Navlakha Demand prompt release of all political and democratic rights activists in Indian jails 08 April 2020 The police in the State of Maharashtra, India, acting at the behest of the central BJP Hindutva government, is forcing the arrest of Professor […]

Statement by Hindus for Human Rights and Global Indian Progressive Alliance Protesting the Arrest of Dr. Anand Teltumbde and Gautam Navlakha – Hindus For Human Rights Dr. Anand Teltumbde is a highly respected and revered scholar and human rights defender. Along with his comrade in justice work, Gautam Navlakha, Dr. Teltumbde will be arrested today on demonstrably fabricated charges related to the Bhima Koregaon case.

Dalit Leaders, Political Representatives Condemn Dr Teltumbde’s Imminent Arrest on Ambedkar Jayanti | NewsClick Ahead of the Anand Teltumbde’s surrender on April 14 [also the ocaasion of B R Ambedkar’s birth anniversary] in accordance with the Supreme Court order, Dalit, Adivasi, OBC and minority leaders have demanded that he be allowed “to live and write, to be a free spirit that enlivens our democratic selves”.

MASS condemn arrest of Gautam Navalakha and Anand Teltumbe Guwahati: The Manab Adhikar Sangram Samiti (MASS) is disturbed and dismayed by the Supreme Court of India’s decision to allow for the detention of civil rights activist Gautam Navalakha and Anand Teltumbe after August 14,2020. Both had been implicated in Bhima Korgoan case of 2018, where many Dalit activists were hurt in rioting by mobs supported by powerful local politicians.

‘A tragedy for India’: Author Arundhati Roy on arrests of activists Anand Teltumbde, Gautam Navlakha ‘They have both been accused of outlandish crimes.’

In Solidarity with and Appeal to Acquit Prof. Anand Teltumbde In Solidarity with and Appeal to Acquit Prof. Anand Teltumbde Statement by IIMA faculty, students and alumni Over 280 students, faculty members and alumni of Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad (IIMA), have signed a statement in solidarity with their illustrious alumnus, Anand Teltumbde who apart from being a corporate leader and teacher has done so much to the society.

About the Contributor

Majid Maqbool

Essay on Trip to Kashmir

Students are often asked to write an essay on Trip to Kashmir in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Trip to Kashmir

Introduction.

Kashmir, often referred to as ‘Paradise on Earth’, is a place of breathtaking beauty. My trip to Kashmir was an unforgettable experience.

The Journey

In Srinagar, we stayed in a houseboat on Dal Lake. The floating markets were a unique sight.

Next, we visited Gulmarg. The cable car ride to the snow-covered peaks was thrilling.

250 Words Essay on Trip to Kashmir

The enthralling journey.

The trip to Kashmir, often referred to as ‘Paradise on Earth’, was an unforgettable experience. The pristine beauty of the place is not just a visual treat but a soulful retreat. As the plane descended, the panorama of snow-capped mountains, lush green valleys, and sparkling rivers was a sight to behold.

The Exquisite Srinagar

Srinagar, the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir, was our first stop. The city is a perfect blend of tradition and modernity. The iconic Dal Lake, with its vibrant Shikaras and floating markets, offered a unique cultural experience. The Mughal Gardens, with their terraced lawns, cascading fountains, and bright flower beds, spoke volumes about the Mughal love for aesthetics and nature.

Gulmarg – The Meadow of Flowers

Next, we visited Gulmarg, a hill station famed for its breathtaking landscapes and adventure sports. The Gondola ride, one of the highest operating cable cars in the world, provided a bird’s eye view of the valley. The adrenaline rush of skiing down the snow-covered slopes was exhilarating.

Pahalgam – The Shepherd’s Village

Our last stop was Pahalgam, a quaint village offering picturesque views and serene trails. A horseback ride to the Betaab Valley was a thrilling experience, while the peaceful environment of the Lidder River was calming.

Reflections

The trip to Kashmir was more than just a visual delight. It was a journey into the heart of nature, a symphony of experiences that resonated with the essence of life and beauty. The memories of this trip are not just imprinted on our minds, but have found a permanent place in our hearts.

500 Words Essay on Trip to Kashmir

The journey to Kashmir is an experience in itself. Whether you choose the aerial route, offering a bird’s eye view of the snow-capped mountains, or the road, winding through the verdant landscapes, each provides a unique perspective. The welcoming cool breeze and the sight of lush green fields and orchards set the tone for the trip ahead.

Srinagar: The Summer Capital

Srinagar, the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir, is an epitome of tranquility. The city’s charm lies in the serene Dal Lake, where the vibrant Shikaras (boats) and floating markets offer a unique experience. The sight of beautifully carved wooden houseboats reflecting in the calm waters of the lake is truly captivating. The historic Mughal Gardens, with their terraced lawns, cascading fountains, and bright flower beds, add to the city’s allure.

Gulmarg: The Meadow of Flowers

Next on the itinerary is Gulmarg, a hill station that turns into a snowy wonderland during winter. Famous for its ski slopes and the world’s highest gondola ride, Gulmarg offers breathtaking views of the Himalayan peaks. The lush green meadows, dotted with vibrant flowers, transform into a blanket of white during winters, offering a different kind of beauty.

Pahalgam: The Valley of Shepherds

Local cuisine and culture.

No trip to Kashmir is complete without indulging in the local cuisine. Wazwan, the traditional multi-course meal, is a gastronomic delight. The use of local spices and flavors in dishes like Rogan Josh, Yakhni, and the famed Kahwa (Kashmiri tea) offers a unique culinary experience. The rich culture of Kashmir is reflected in its traditional music, dance, and handicrafts. The exquisite Pashmina shawls, hand-knotted carpets, and intricate Papier-mâché items make for perfect souvenirs.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

“Exploring the Beauty and Culture of Jammu and Kashmir: A Solo Traveler’s Guide”

The Backpacker's Chronicles

Jammu and Kashmir, located in the northernmost part of India, is a place of unparalleled natural beauty and rich cultural heritage. Whether you’re a thrill-seeker looking for adventure or a traveler seeking peace and solitude, Jammu and Kashmir has something for everyone. If you’re considering a solo trip to this beautiful region, here are some suggestions to help you plan your journey.

Explore the natural beauty of Gulmarg: Known as the “heartland of winter sports in India,” Gulmarg is a must-visit destination for any nature lover. With its picturesque meadows, snow-capped peaks, and lush pine forests, Gulmarg is the perfect place to hike, ski, or simply take in the stunning views.
Visit the ancient city of Srinagar: Srinagar, the capital of Jammu and Kashmir, is a city steeped in history and culture. Take a stroll along the Dal Lake and visit the many houseboats and shikaras that dot the lake’s shores. Also, visit the Mughal Gardens like Nishat Bagh and Shalimar Bagh, these gardens are a perfect place to relax and enjoy the natural beauty of the region.
Take a trek to the Amarnath Cave: The Amarnath Cave, located in the mountains of the western Himalayas, is one of the most important pilgrimage sites for Hindus. The cave contains an ice stalagmite that is considered to be a symbol of the Hindu god Shiva. The trek to the cave is challenging but the views along the way and the sense of accomplishment you’ll feel upon reaching the cave make it well worth the effort.
Visit the Patnitop Hill Station: Patnitop is a charming hill station located in the Shivalik range of the Himalayas. The place offers a perfect blend of tranquility and adventure, with activities like paragliding, skiing, and trekking.
Visit the Raghunath Temple: Raghunath Temple is one of the most prominent temples in Jammu and Kashmir. The temple is dedicated to Lord Rama, one of the most important deities in Hinduism. The temple is adorned with intricate carvings and beautiful paintings, making it a must-see destination for any history or culture buff.

When planning a solo trip to Jammu and Kashmir, it’s important to keep in mind that the region is prone to political unrest, so be sure to check the latest travel advisories before you go. With a little bit of planning and a sense of adventure, you’re sure to have an unforgettable journey to this truly unique and beautiful region.

Written by The Backpacker's Chronicles

Welcome to The Backpacker's Chronicles, your go-to source for travel inspiration and tips. Follow us as we explore the world and share our experiences.

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Culture of Kashmir : Exploring the Vibrant Tradition, Art, Music, Food and Festivals

Culture of Indian States
Indian Culture

Kashmiri people and origin, traditional dresses of jammu & kashmir, dance and music of kashmir, kashmiri cuisine, festivals of kashmir, arts and crafts of kashmir, architecture of kashmir, tourism of kashmir, languages of kashmir, occupations of kashmir, religions in kashmir.

The rich and fascinating culture of Kashmir is famous throughout the globe. The people, arts, crafts, theatre, literature, dances, music and so much more greatly contribute to the height of the Kashmiri Culture. Furthermore, known for its diversity due to the blend of various cultures and religions there. Its rich history is the cherry on top that only adds to the aura of the place.

The inhabitants of Kashmir are commonly referred to as Kashmiris who are ethnically linguistic faction. The indigenous populace of Kashmir usually lives in crowds in the areas of Pakistan, Northern Punjab, and Potohar. The influences of the Sanskrit dialect can be noticed in their local speech as you travel to different parts of Kashmir. The culture also seems to be heavily impacted by Central Asian and Persian beliefs. The various aspects of the culture of Kashmir as discussed below form an important part of the Kashmiri ethos. Kashmiri culture is predominantly practiced by the populace who live in the Kashmir and Dodab valleys. Furthermore, the valley is renowned for its fine arts, consisting of customarily indigenous boats/houseboats, handicrafts, and literature.

A specialty of Kashmir has to be the vibrant costumes of the region. The women of Kashmir look gorgeous dressed in traditional clothing paired off with exquisite jewelry such as necklaces, armlets, earrings as well as nose rings. Furthermore, they also wear loose salwar kameez to escape the summer heat. On the other hand, men wear kurta pajamas, shalwars, and skullcaps. During the winter, the people look elegant in Pheran which is a long overcoat that is beautifully ornamented with patches and embroidery work. The fabric they wear largely depends on the weather and they ordinarily wear loose gowns. Additionally, men and women also wear skullcaps and headgear respectively. Women generally cover both their shoulders and head out of respect for elders. These traditional dresses of Kashmir truly represent the breathtaking culture of the region.

When talking about the dance and harmonies of Kashmir , the words that come to mind are elegant and magnificent. The joyous festivals there are marked by, of course, music and dance which even attracts the tourists to join in on the excitement. Throughout the region of Kashmir, a wide range of dance forms can be witnessed that are executed based upon the occasion that they mark, for instance, a prominent dance form here is the infamous Mask dance that is executed on the occasion of the Hemis Festival , a popular festival of Kashmir. Another allure of these dances is the bright and vibrant attire paired off with truly exquisite jewelry. Some other prominent dances of the place are Chakri, Rouf, Bhand Pather, Hafiza, Kud, and Bacha Nagma. The folk music of Kashmir will force anyone to start tapping their feet, especially to the lively Rabab Music. Apart from that, instrumental music is quite prevalent in Kashmir and therefore common melodies that can be heard are the Sitar, Dumru, and Nagara. Apart from that, the music that accompanies festive occasions such as celebrations, parties, and weddings is mainly Wanwun, Ghazals, Choral as well as Sufi.

Kashmir offers truly delicious cuisine that includes both vegetarian and non-vegetarian delicacies for this is a place that caters to all and these delicious dishes will leave you wanting more. Some infamous non-vegetarian dishes are the Kashmiri Kebab, Pasanda, Syun Alu, Yakhni, and Methi Keema and therefore it’s every meat-lover’s delight. But vegetarians need not worry because there are myriad dishes available for them, such as Rajmah, Shree Pulao, Ladyar Tsaman, and Nadir Yakhaen. These flavorful dishes are prepared by utilizing fresh vegetables and paneer, to make it all the more delicious. Kashmir is an amazing destination for anyone like me who loves desserts. You absolutely must try out delicacies such as sevaiyaan, phirni, barfi, Kashmiri Aloo Dum and many more that will truly make your day. Kashmiris are known for their hospitality and they greet their guests with some refreshing hot tea and Kahwa. Another dish that is a staple to the household of Kashmir is its very own pulao. Additionally, Hak or Karam is a dish that is a favorite in the region and is specially prepared during cold winter evenings to provide warmth.

Suggested Read – Traditional Kashmiri Food – Soulful Delicacies from Mesmerising Mountains

The culturally rich Kashmir is a land of festivals where everyone comes together and celebrates with zeal and enthusiasm. It’s well-known that Jammu and Kashmir possess an exemplary heritage and culture which is beautifully brought out by the festivals of the region. Eid-ul-Fitr, Lohri, Tulip Festival, Holi, Shikara Festival, Hemis festival, Gurez Festival, and Sindu Darshan are few festivals here that are celebrated with the utmost fervor. These festivals customarily mark an auspicious occasion and have their origins in mythology. These festivals are a must to attend because of their joyous nature, everywhere around you, you can observe the native inhabitants dancing, singing, eating delicious cuisine with their family dressed in traditional clothing, and tourists shopping for handicrafts. Furthermore, Bahu Mela, Jhiri Mela, and Craft, and many more are great to encompass the beauty of the local culture.

Kashmir is a prominent center for mesmerizing arts and crafts with its handicrafts industry particularly blossoming. Kashmir is practically synonymous with pashmina shawls that are well-known for their texture and amazing quality. They are particularly renowned for their softness and the warmth they provide. These shawls are furthermore a symbol of royalty. Another prominent craft of Kashmir is the hand-knotted rugs as well as wool rugs that possess floral patterns. Additionally, some lovely handicrafts of Kashmir include paper mache, wicker, carved walnut furniture, and silverware. The government of Kashmir has also invested in the arts and crafts of the place for they serve as a major tourist attraction. If one ever visits Kashmir, one simply must buy the intricate handicrafts as a souvenir.

Suggested Read – Kashmiri Handicrafts – Finest Crafts from the People of Paradise on Earth

The Jhelum River was the only means of transport initially which resulted in the creation of ghats as a transport landing point and a range of residences with wooden balconies and complex gridwork evolved along the canals and riverfronts.

Because the economy of Kashmir is largely dependent on agriculture and the combined activities, the cities, especially Srinagar, never had the wealth to undertake a significant urban reconstruction. Therefore, the image of the towns of Kashmir remains the same as they were 300 years ago, and the wood constructions with roofing are reminiscent of the medieval European towns that live in culture and customs while maintaining the essence of ancient Kashmir for generations.

The traditional buildings are of two sorts, based on the plan- square plan and linear plan with windows on both sides, as the symmetry is the main principle for earthquake-resistance structures and the arrangement of the function within. Each residence has a Zoon Dub or a roof-top balcony to view the moon (zoon). The balconies and wing panels are designed like jhumkas and have magnificent Pinjera Kari works. The roofs of interiors have khatamband woodwork, faux ceilings with intertwined geometric shapes of Persian arts and consist of walnuts or deodars with apparent carpentry.

Traditional dwellings in Kashmir are separated into two categories: Taq building and Dhajji Dewari. Dhajji Dewari is made of wooden frames and trusses filled with flat stones and bricks and is carefully packed into gaps of mud or lime mortar with stone flowers in the remaining gaps. Taq is another method of building which in Srinagar is widespread. A Taq building can stand an earthquake and is high on numerous floors. The walls consist of a combination of scrap metal and brick or sun-dried bricks placed in thick mud mortars at regular intervals with load-bearing piers.

As technology has progressed, Kashmir’s lifestyle has also evolved, architecture has also changed. Their dwellings are currently created using advanced technology and cement substitutes for mud and iron for wood. The traditional construction skills are decreasing and non-indigenous cement constructions are being replaced. The traditional shrines, such as the Naqschband Saheb, Dastgir Sahib, etc., are unique examples of vernacular architecture in Kashmir. Most heritage buildings were turned into government offices and other structures were demolished totally, such as the 150 years old Maharaj Gunj dispensary which was classified as a heritage building by the Department of Archives, Archeology and Museum.

In Jammu and Kashmir, one can never run out of locations to explore. The region is full of scenic views, wonderful flora, magnificent architecture. There are picturesque homestays and eco-friendly resorts to select from. Those with a thrilling mind will find a multiplicity of activities that await them. Finally, the countless religious sanctuaries show tourists the road to calm and tranquillity, if they are spiritually inclined.

The Himalayas are famous for their natural beauty and their gentleness, with their Pir Panjal and Karakoram mountains. The most stunning mountain peaks, glaciers, wonderful monasteries, blue lakes, rivers, woods, green wilderness, and high pine trees are all around Jammu and Kashmir. Amarnath and Vaishno Devi draw a significant number of pilgrims each year since sports like skiing, golfing, trekking, river rafting, paragliding and camping are all about the journey to Jammu and Kashmir. Some of the state’s notable attractions are Dal Lake, Kashmir Valley, Khardung La Pass, Gulmarg, Shalimar Bagh. In their memories, one will always remember the incomparable beauty and attractiveness of the state and the amicability of its people.

Suggested Read – 7 Best Places in Kashmir – Paradise on Earth You Can’t Miss to Visit

Kashmiri, Dogri, Hindi, English, and Urdu are the official languages of Jammu and Kashmir.

Kashmiri, with about 9 million speakers is the most widely spoken language in all of J&K. The Dardic language is also one of 22 scheduled languages according to the Indian Constitution and is the only Dardic language that has the status of an official language. In the valley of Chenab, it is the most common language. Kashmiri also has a major influence of Persian especially in vocabulary while being among the most conservative Indo-Aryan languages.

Gilgiti, Kohistani Shina, Guresi, Drassi and Broksat belong to the dialects of Shina. In much of Gilgit-Baltistan Khowar is spoken.

The most diverse groups of languages are the Pahari languages spoken throughout the entire J&K region. Pahari is a collective name given by outsiders because speakers of these languages are generally located in largely hilly parts of the country. These languages are locally known by a variety of dialects. Bhaderwahi, Padri, Ponchi, Mirpuri, Parmi or Pahari (Karnah) are several different Pahari languages.

Tibetan languages are languages that belong to the Sino-Tibetan family. J&K speaks many Tibetan languages and falls within the Balti-Ladakhi category or the ancient western Tibetan. Ladakhi or Bhoti or Bodhi, Balti, Purgi and Zangskari are among these.

Dogri has about three million speakers. It is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the plains of Jammu or in Duggerdesh, in the J&K region. Jammu city has a Dogra majority, the second biggest city in the whole of J&K. Unfortunately, the language has declined considerably despite its official position.

Two languages of the Iranian language family, Pashto and Wakhi (Gilgit-Baltistan), are spoken in J&K.

In scattered areas, Gojri is spoken across J&K. It’s mainly spoken by Bakerwals and Gujjar. Many Gujjars, however, do not all speak Gojri as local languages but identify and embrace the Gojri culture.

The Kashmir valley and Pakistan governed Kashmir speak and understand Urdu. Urdu was acknowledged in 1889 as J&K’s state and official language. For around three centuries, before Urdu, Persian was Kashmir’s official language. The land, revenue, courts and even FIRs in Urdu are recorded on all official records in Kashmir.

Most of the Jammu and Kashmir people are mostly occupied by agriculture. Jammu and Kashmir also are the country’s largest fruit producers, because its soil is highly fertile and compatible with fruit growing, such as apples, apricots, cherries and nuts, almonds and walnuts. The Kashmir valley is the sole saffron-producing location in the country. Most farmers participate both in sericulture and in supplementary revenues. Many people participate in the tourism sector since there are a lot of stunning tourist locations.

In various sections of Jammu and Kashmir, three main faiths are visibly prevalent. Islam obviously dominates the Kashmir Valley in terms of the entire population and thus the valley is full of Muslim inhabitants. Besides that, Hinduism and Buddhism also form major parts of Kashmir’s religions. Buddhist adherents live in Jammu and Kashmir’s Ladakh district.

The culture of Kashmir deserves true admiration and the traditions of the region as well its various specialties reflect the beautiful culture of Kashmir and we must do our best to preserve it. Don’t forget to comment below about your favorite part of Kashmir!

Image credits: The copyright for the images used in this article belong to their respective owners. Best known credits are given under the image. For changing the image credit or to get the image removed from Caleidoscope, please contact us.

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10 Lines on Jammu and Kashmir

The state of Jammu and Kashmir is situated on the highest latitude on the map of India, like a jewel in the crown. The scenic topography and pleasant weather of the state have attracted tourist from all over the world. Tourism from travel enthusiasts and pilgrims vastly contribute to the state’s economy. The tension in the region due to the border dispute between India, Pakistan and China has negatively affected life in the state. India has fought five wars with neighbouring countries over the state of Jammu and Kashmir since its Independence.

Ten Lines on Jammu and Kashmir

1) Jammu and Kashmir are a Union Territory in India.

2) It has two capitals; Jammu and Sri Nagar.

3) For its natural beauty, it is called heaven on earth.

4) Kashmiri, Dogri and Urdu are the main languages of Jammu and Kashmir.

5) Jammu and Kashmir are mainly divided into three parts; Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh.

6) The “Pashmina Shawl” of Kashmir is famous in the whole World.

7) Jammu and Kashmir have the majority of the Muslim population.

8) The Ladakh part of Jammu and Kashmir has the majority of Buddhists.

9) The people of Jammu and Kashmir mainly depend on farming and agriculture.

10) It is a tourism spot for people from all around the world.

We are providing another set of ten lines on Jammu and Kashmir in English for class 6, class 7, class 8, class 9 and class 10. After reading these you will know; summer and winter capital of the state, the official language of the state, the flag of Jammu and Kashmir, major rivers flowing through the state and various regions of the state.

Add these few lines in your essays and paragraph writing as well as in your examination and school competitions. It will support your essay on Jammu and Kashmir and current affairs; will serve as background information while writing an essay on the current ongoing situation in Jammu and Kashmir.

1) Jammu and Kashmir is the northernmost state of India.

2) The state is named after its two most popular regions in the state: Jammu region and Kashmir region.

3) The other distinct region of the state includes Gilgit, Baltistan and Skardu.

4) Jammu is the winter capital of the state, whereas Srinagar is summer capital.

5) Urdu written in Persian script is the official language of Jammu and Kashmir.

6) Jammu and Kashmir was the only state in India with its own official state flag and constitution.

7) The flag of Jammu and Kashmir featured a white plough and three white vertical stripes on a red background.

8) The red colour represents labour, the plough symbolizes farmers and each stripe represents three distinct administrative divisions of the state.

9) The Jhelum, Indus, Tawi, Ravi and Chenab are the major rivers flowing through the state.

10) The Jhelum is the only major Himalayan river flowing through the valley of Kashmir.

1) Maharaja Hari Singh was the last reigning monarch of the Princely state of Jammu and Kashmir.

2) The state is subjected to border dispute since the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947.

3) India’s neighbour, Pakistan and China forcibly grabbed many regions of Jammu and Kashmir.

4) The largest portion of the original state of Jammu and Kashmir still remains as a state within India.

5) Currently, India controls 45% of the area of former Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir.

6) Pakistan and China have occupied 35 and 20 per cent area of Jammu and Kashmir respectively.

7) The Kashmir valley is known for its sericulture and cold water fisheries.

8) Saffron from Kashmir contributes a huge amount of foreign exchange for the state.

9) Kashmiri willow is very popular wood from Kashmir, used for making high-quality cricket bat.

10) The Kashmir valley is topographically well positioned between the great Himalayan range and the Pir Panjal range.

1) Jammu and Kashmir is the only state in India with the majority of Muslim population apart from Union territory Lakshadweep.

2) As per 2011 Census of India, The State of Jammu and Kashmir consists of 68.3% Islamic, 28.4% Hindu, 1.9% Sikhs, 0.9% Buddhists and 0.3% Christian population.

3) The state of Jammu and Kashmir has a very distinctive Physiographic feature.

4) The plains, the Himalayas, the plateau of Ladakh, the Shivaliks and the Kashmir valleys are some major physiographic features of the state.

5) The state of Jammu and Kashmir enjoyed special status for seven decades, due to autonomy granted to the state under Article 370 of the Constitution of India.

6) On 5 th August 2019, the Government of India repealed the special status awarded to Jammu and Kashmir.

7) The Parliament of India also passed the Jammu and Kashmir reorganisation act.

8) This reorganizes the state of Jammu and Kashmir into two Union Territories.

9) First one is Jammu and Kashmir with its own legislature and second is Ladakh without legislature.

10) The Reorganization Act will come into effect on 31 st October 2019.

We know Jammu and Kashmir has been in a state of turmoil since independence, all wars and militant activities have only negatively impacted the life in the state. Tourism has taken a huge hit due to instability in the region, the British government still advises their citizen to not travel to Jammu and Kashmir except for the cities of Jammu and Srinagar and Ladakh; whereas Canada excludes entire state except Leh. The state of Jammu and Kashmir has had a rich history; recent development in law may put an end to the instability in the region.

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Essay on Srinagar | Srinagar Essay for Students and Children in English

February 13, 2024 by Prasanna

Essay on Srinagar: The most beautiful and charming place in India, the natural surroundings of tall trees, the green Mughal gardens, and the lovely lakes, beautiful houseboats make this place more attractive. The largest city in the state, Srinagar is universally known with the name of “Heaven on earth”.

The handicraft work of Srinagar as Kashmiri pashmina shawls well-known globally. A great and perfect place to spend quality time with family and close to nature. The maximum visited traveller spot in India.

You can also find more Essay Writing articles on events, persons, sports, technology and many more.

Long and Short Essays on Srinagar for Students and Kids in English

We are providing students with essay samples on a long essay of 500 words and a short essay of 150 words on the topic Srinagar for reference.

Long Essay on Srinagar 500 Words in English

Long Essay on Srinagar is usually given to classes 7, 8, 9, and 10.

Srinagar is considered the summer capital of the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir and in Kashmir valley. The valley is placed at the banks of the Jhelum River, a river of the Indus, and Dal and Anchar lakes. The weather is slightly warm during summers from April to June and a bit cold from November to February. The heavy snowfalls can be enjoyed during December and January month. The natural beauty of Srinagar, the ice-covered hills, valleys, green gardens made this place ranked as the world’s second most romantic destination, Switzerland reserves first place.

The culture of Srinagar is different from any other tourist spot. The people are amicable and humble for welcoming the guests. The population of more than 15 lacs 86 thousand people, this city is home of Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs too, the Kashmiri Pandits and Kashmiri Muslims are the more significant in numbers and the earliest inhabitants of Srinagar’s religious culture. The exciting history of Srinagar is quite impressive; the beautiful dressing style of local people despite cold days is outstanding. The Kashmiri handicrafts work attracts worldwide tourism, beautiful pashmina shawls, colourful prints attires, painting, and other house-hold creative handicraft stuff are the most excellent examples of their divine culture.

A Few years back, the terrorist activities in Srinagar made this place bit unsafe to visit. However, the situation is better now from the last few years with the support of local people and with the strict laws and regulations of government.

The grand Shankracharya Mandir is a part of this beautiful city. This Shiva temple on the hilltop with a height of 1000 feet above the city. The lovely Dal Lake is the most beautiful place in the city. The beautifully designed houseboats, ready to welcome the tourist to spend quality time in the Lake and admire the beauty in a day and at night too. The Srikaras, attractively decorated boats too with luxury looks are designed for your comfort while visiting the Lake, are one more reason to make you feel delighted. Chasma Shashi, 108 meters long Mughal garden with a natural waterfall, showcase Mughal architecture. Nishant Bagh known with the name “The Garden of Delight”, the very old garden is situated alongside the eastern bank of the Dal Lake on the bottom of the Zabarwan mountain range. Another very old Mughal Garden is Shalimar Bagh, connected through a waterway to the northeast of Dal Lake.

Hokersar is fenland located at14 kms close to Srinagar. Thousands of migratory birds come to Hokersar from Siberia and different areas with inside the wintry weather season. Gulmarg is a small town hill area in Srinagar, famous for skiing and enjoyment in the snowfall season.

Sonmarg is another hill station in Srinagar, surrounded with hills and green tall trees, and most visited in the winter season because of beauty while snowfall.

Short Essay on Srinagar 150 Words in English

Short Essay on Srinagar is usually given to classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.

Srinagar is situated at the international border of India and Pakistan. Srinagar is a well-known city across the world for its natural beauty, eye-catching serene and breath-taking waterfalls, and amazing views of hills areas. The famous gardens showcase the wonderful Mughal architecture that attracts people to visit the place for long-time experience. The valleys, ice-covered hills, tall green tree roofed with snow gives you immense pleasure.

The culture of various religions shows unity and trust with each other. The friendly and pleasant people are welcoming the tourist from all over the world. Handicrafts and music are fantastic for newer experiences. The unique Kashmiri food is full of rich spices. Seekh Kababs, Tabak Maz, Gushtaba, Hakh, Kashmiri Macchi, Dum-Aloo, Kashmiri Pulao, Sheermal, Shahi-Tukda, Yakhni, and many more are the best Kashmiri tempting food items.

10 Lines on Srinagar Essay in English

1. Srinagar is called the summer capital of India. 2. Srinagar is known with the name of Heaven on earth because of its natural beauty. 3. The Pashmina shawls are unique traditional and famous world-wide. 4. The primary source of living of people is farming, agriculture and tourism. 5. The significant population is Muslims in Srinagar. 6. The houseboats in Dal Lake are the most visited places in Srinagar. 7. The natural water floats make the food tastier. 8. Srinagar is safe to visit and spend time with family in the natural atmosphere. 9. The Ladakh part of Jammu and Kashmir has the majority of Buddhists. 10. Kashmiri and Urdu are the languages used in Srinagar.

FAQ’s on Srinagar Essay

Question 1. How safe is visiting Srinagar?

Answer: It is very safe to visit Srinagar. You can find the domestic as well as the international tourist visiting Kashmir and enjoying the beauty.

Question 2. How can we find Shikara and houseboat?

Answer: Houseboats are available on Dal lakes, Shikaras are always available to drop you from Shor to houseboat for your comfortable stay.

Question 3. Can we book a Hotel in Srinagar?

Answer: Yes, of course. There are numerous luxury hotels available in Srinagar with unique and affordable offers.

Question 4. which mobile network is available in Srinagar?

Answer: Only the post-paid connection is allowed in Srinagar. BSNL, AIRTEL, IDEA, RELIANCE are available in Srinagar.

Question 5. what kind of shopping options are there in Srinagar?

Answer: There are ample options available for shopping from handicraft house-hold items to decorative stuff, clothing, and winter wears of all varieties for every age group. Blankets, sweaters are famous for the warmth. And don’t forget to buy Pashmina shawls for your loved ones.

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10 beautiful must-visit places in scenic Jammu and Kashmir

Scenic jammu and kashmir is a well-known tourist destination that is called the paradise of india., with its serene beauty and breathtaking views, it has been drawing tourists from all over the world for centuries..

Many traditional boats are in the Dal lake of Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Scenic Kashmir

Jammu and Kashmir is a region bursting with attractions, history, and culture. From snow-capped mountains to stunning lakes, Kashmir is home to some of the most beautiful tourist spots in India.

There are several prominent spots in Jammu and Kashmir, ranging from alpine lakes to frozen ones, from snow-covered hills to the divine charm of the valleys. There is plenty to do for everyone during your tour. Kashmir isn’t only about breathtaking landscapes.

It features several places to dine, experience water activities, connect with nature, take photos, shop, and much more. Here is a complete list of places in Jammu and Kashmir, making your vacation even more pleasurable.

Gulmarg is tucked in the Pir Panjal Valley and is known for its snow-covered mountains, lush vegetation, serene lakes, pine woods, and a diversity of flora. Where its name translates as “bloom meadows.” Check it out for yourself.

Located in the Baramulla district of Kashmir, Gulmarg is a popular ski resort in the winter months. Take some time to explore the charming village, with its vibrant shops and restaurants, or relax in the picturesque Kashmiri gardens.

Apart from that, it is Asia’s top snow paradise, a skiing attraction, and is home to the world’s highest green golf course and the world’s tallest cable car project. The biggest tourist sites in Gulmarg tourism are St. Mary’s Church, Baba Reshi Shrine, and Maharani Temple/Shiva Temple.

Gulmarg has a divine side as well as a well-developed tourism side, featuring the highest golf sport in the world, the ideal location for all hikers! You may also take a gondola cable car trip from the top of the mountains to enjoy a birds-eye perspective of Gulmarg’s top skiing slopes.

Take a 3-hour trip from Gulmarg to Pahalgam, another renowned tourist destination nearby, also called Jannat or heaven.

This gorgeous valley is situated at an altitude of 2740 meters, surrounded by snow-capped mountains and meandering rivers and streams. The perfect place for a peaceful picnic, difficult trekking routes or simply to enjoy the breathtaking views, Sonamarg is an unmissable Kashmiri destination.

Do you even think about where the name Sonmarg originates from? Sonmarg, which means “golden meadow,” is a must-see on every Kashmir travel itinerary. With scenery defined by a glacier, woods, and snow-capped mountains, this is one of the greatest spots to visit in Kashmir.

Take into account the three Great Lakes of Kashmir: Kishansar, Vishansar, and Gadsar, which are popular tourist destinations in Jammu and Kashmir. Camping and trout fishing are two other adventurous activities that can keep you entertained. It also provides the beginning base for the renowned Amarnath Trek, a major Hindu pilgrimage site.

A few special mentions on the list of major tourist spots in Sonmarg are Thajiwas Glacier, Baltal Valley (near Sonmarg), Amarnath Cave, Naranag, and Kishnasar Lake, Vishansar Lake, and Gadsar Lake.

Pahalgam, often renowned as the “Village of Shepherds,” is one of Kashmir’s 10 leading travel sites to experience clear water rivers. Pahalgam in Kashmir is a delightful picnic destination on the banks of the Lidder River, offering travelers to experience trout fishing and pony rides.

With its fields, trees, and clean surroundings, Pahalgam in the Anantnag area is a scenic marvel. Due to areas like Aru Valley, Betab Valley, and Baisaran, Pahalgam is the ideal spot in Kashmir for a guided tour. Also, the location is near to Srinagar, with a 2-hour trip from Pahalgam to Srinagar to experience exhilarating deep valleys, lush woods, gorgeous lakes, and floral fields. Pahalgam is also regarded as Peace and Serenity. This little town is notorious for sucking away all of the pressure of every tourist and is hence regarded as one of the greatest locations to visit in Kashmir.

Kashmir Valley is a paradise for nature lovers and photographers alike. Everywhere you look, the landscape is covered with green meadows, snow-capped mountains, lakes, and rivers. Kashmir Valley should be at the top of your list if you want to experience Kashmir’s beauty.

The capital city in the valley is one of the most popular tourist locations in Jammu & Kashmir, along with a popular honeymoon destination. Srinagar has received the nickname “Land of Gardens and Lakes” due to the presence of various Mughal Gardens, religious and historical landmarks, as well as Dal and Nageen Lakes. There are several sites to see in Srinagar.

Kashmiri houseboats, or shikaras, are a popular way of exploring the Dal and Nagin lakes. These traditional wooden boats offer a unique stay to absorb Kashmir’s beauty and culture at a leisurely pace.

You’ll definitely fall in love with a shikhara ride, picture the moving vegetable market on Dal Lake, and explore Asia’s largest Tulip meadows when arranging your Kashmir trip.

Patnitop Hill Station is famous for its meadows, stunning vistas, and incredible views of the Great Himalayan ranges, as well as, its closeness to the holy Chenab River. Skiing and paragliding are two of the many winter activities available at Patnitop Hills. Madhatop, 5 kilometers from Patnitop, is also a great Jammu winter hideaway.

Kud Park, on the other hand, is an excellent spot for a picnic. Visit the city’s most prominent tourist attractions on a city sightseeing trip to Patni top Jammu. Some of the attractions you might explore are Bilo ki Powri, Kud Park, and Shiva Ghar (about 11 kilometers from Patnitop). Don’t miss out on the traditional dish, Patisa.

Offer your respect to the sacred shrine of Vaishno Devi where you will experience this tranquility and serenity.

Sanasar is derived from two nearby serene lakes, Sana and Sar, that are 20 kilometers (12 miles) west of Patnitop. What is it precisely? The natural splendor of Sanasar is nestled in a cup-shaped meadow with panoramic scenery of the Great Himalayan Ranges all over. Therefore, it has become a major tourist attraction in Jammu and Kashmir.

With an abundance of adventure sports and tourist locations across the city, it’s a fantastic place for backpackers as well as typical visitors. It is indeed filled with fun and adventure to experience with your loved ones. So, don’t put it off anymore, and plan your vacation here in all the directions possible!

Yusmarg is a town located in Kashmir’s western valley, a very peaceful tourist place with historical significance. The Ahmadiyya Muslim group thinks Jesus once lived there. The view is beyond anything you’ve ever seen in your lifetime that best describes this beautiful city. Some of Yusmarg’s most prominent tourist sites are Pakherpora Shrine, Charar-e-Sharif, Doodhganga, Nilnag Lake, and Sang-e-Safed.

There are several options for exploring and trying out sports like horseback riding, trout fishing, and hiking. 4 kilometers downhill from here, you’ll find the stunning NilNag Lake, which will delight your eyes. The actual tranquility and breathtaking views of Kashmir may be found here. October to December is the best time to visit this serene city.

If you desire a holiday with tranquil hills, secluded nature, and amazing scenic views, Doda is the right choice. The district, located in eastern Jammu, has several options for sightseeing and even adventure. Doda’s must-do activities on your bucket list should include snow skiing, mountain biking, trekking, paragliding, and other high-altitude outdoor adventures.

A number of tourists with a spiritual inclination visit Doda. It is less well-known among travelers and is famous for two Hindu holy sites: Athra Devi Temple and Chandi Mata Temple. You must go to the recognized Vasuki Naag Temple to Jamia Masjid Bhaderwah. There are other various temples and gorgeous mosques in the region as well adding to its rich scenery.

Gurez Valley

The Gurez Valley, which is only accessible six months of the year, is rich in scenic valley vistas encircled by snow-covered mountains, meadows covered with linden, walnut, and willow greenery, and the roaring river Kishan Ganga. One of Kashmir’s oldest tribes, the Dard Shin Tribe, is isolated from the rest of the globe and speaks Shina as its native language.

For travelers, hiking, trout fishing, and mountain climbing are among the top activities to do in Gurez. While paying devotion at Peer Baba Shrine, marvel at the magnificent Habba Khatoon Peak. The valley is magnificent, and you can’t help but capture thousands of images of it and its surroundings including the Kishanganga river (Neelum). The fresh air creates an upswing that provides consolation, hope, and healing to the heart. A tourist will have a once-in-a-lifetime experience.

Pulwama should be on every wishlist for a variety of reasons. It is well-known for its extensive saffron fields, greatest milk output, and pristine settings. It truly is the Delight of Kashmir, with its serene ambiance unparalleled among Kashmir’s major delights. It is a popular tourist destination with notable religious sites and historical landmarks.

Visit Aharbal Waterfalls, Tarsar Lake, Shikargarh, and Avantishwar Temple while you are here. Travelers can enjoy summer activities such as mountaineering and trekking, while winter activities include skiing and snowboarding. Experience a 7-day Tarsar Marsar Trek if you have the opportunity; you won’t feel disappointed!

Kashmir is a region that leaves visitors with unforgettable memories. Whether you’re looking for a peaceful getaway or an action-packed adventure, Kashmir has something for everyone. Don’t miss out on these must-visit places if you ever find yourself in Kashmir.

Kashmiri cuisine

The popularity of Kashmiri cuisine can be attributed to its delicious flavor and variety of regional specialties. The use of freshly ground spices and aromatic herbs gives each dish its own distinct taste.

Kashmiri food is characterized by the use of traditional spices like cardamom, cloves, cinnamon, nutmeg, and saffron to give it a unique flavor. The dish also includes yogurt-based sauces, tomato-based gravies, nuts and dried fruits.

Popular dishes include Rogan Josh (spicy lamb curry), Yakhni (a flavored mutton broth), Tabak Maaz (fried lamb ribs simmered in a rich yogurt-based sauce), and Nadru Yakhni (lotus stem cooked with yogurt). Vegetarian dishes such as Dum Aloo (potato curry), Kashmiri Phirni (rice pudding) and Modur Pulav (sweetened rice dish with nuts and dried fruits) are also popular.

A highlight of Kashmiri cuisine is the Wazwan, a multi-course meal featuring sumptuous delicacies like Daniwal Korma (lamb curry), Gushtaba (meatballs in yogurt sauce), and Tschaman (cottage cheese curry).

Kashmiri cuisine is incomplete without its aromatic teas and refreshing drinks. Kashmiri Chai, a special type of salty tea prepared with milk and baking soda, is a popular beverage in the region.

Noon Chai, also known as Pink Tea, is another traditional favorite that has been enjoyed by generations of locals. Other popular drinks include Sheer Chai (salted buttermilk), Kahwa (green tea flavored with saffron and spices), and Sharbat (a cold drink made from rose petals, almonds, and sugar). A variety of Kashmiri breads like Kulcha, Sheermal, Tsochvoru, and Baqarkhani are also served in the region.

Kashmiri food has been influenced by both Mughlai and Afghan cuisines. The region’s proximity to Central Asia has also resulted in the incorporation of some Persian culinary traditions into the Kashmiri culinary landscape.

This reflects in dishes like Yakhni Palav, a rice dish cooked with yogurt, spices and dried fruits. It is also evident in the region’s traditional desserts like Phirni and Halwa, which are both made with rice flour. The use of traditional spices such as saffron, cardamom, and cinnamon has been a hallmark of Kashmiri cuisine since ancient times. With its unique flavors and aromas, this flavorful cuisine celebrates the rich culture of the Kashmiri people.

Whether enjoyed in its traditional form or adapted for contemporary palates, there is no denying that Kashmiri dishes are a delight for the senses. With its unique ingredients and flavors, Kashmiri cuisine is truly an experience to be savored.

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Discover the Unique Kashmiri Culture and Traditions

The culture of Kashmir is a blend of multiple customs and came from Northern India, Northern Pakistan and the Chinese territory of Aksai Chin. The state enjoys the presence of mix religions and that’s why Kashmir is famous for its cultural heritage. It amalgamates Hindu, Sikh, Muslim and Buddhist people who make Kashmir more beautiful by adopting their own culture that has brought many changes in their living style.

Origin, Background & People

The Kashmiri population in an ethno-linguistic group that can be compared with an Indo-Greek with their racial structure of the Kashmiris. The native of Kashmiri people lives in Pakistan, Upper Punjab and Potohar where they organize a group and live together. Although, Kashmiri people live in different parts of India they are mainly gathered in the Valley of Kashmir, Doda, Kishtwar and Ramban thasils of Jammu Division. Their language is highly influenced by the Sanskrit language and mostly spoken by Kashmiri Muslims and Kashmiri Hindus. However, you can find variation in language when you will travel to different parts of Kashmir. Their writing script consists of Arabic style.

According to the sources, Wazwan and their culture is highly influenced by Central Asian and Persian culture. Their dance, music, cuisine, carpet weaving and Koshur Sufiana forms a significant part of Kashmiri identity. Kashmiri culture is mainly followed by people living in Kashmir valley and Dodab of the Chenab region. The valley is known for the fine arts including traditional boats and houseboats, handicrafts and poetry.

Kashmir has some mouth-watering cuisine in both vegetarian and non-vegetarian dishes. The popular dishes of meat are Kashmiri Kebag, Rogan Josh, Yakhni, Pasanda, Syun Alu and Methi Keema. All the non-vegetarian lovers will have a lot to choose from. Some of the famous vegetarian dishes include Hak, Rajmah, Zarda, Tursh, Shree Pulao, Nadeir Yakhaen, and Ladyar Tsaman. These dishes are prepared with fresh vegetables with paneer to give an interesting taste to the cuisine.

If you are dessert lover then you must try sevaiyaan, phirni and barfi among others which would make you fall in love with these sweets. Guest in Kashmir is welcomed with hot sheer tea and Kahwah which you have never tasted before. Kashmiri Pulao is also a famous dish worldwide which is prepared in almost every home at regular intervals. A large number of Kashmiri people also love hak or karam sag which is mostly made during winter to keep themselves protected from chilled weather.

The costume of Kashmiri people is very colorful and attractive. The majority of people wear traditional costume and women attire themselves with gorgeous jewelry like nose ring, bangles, earrings, necklaces and lose salwar kamiz which make them comfortable during the hot season. Whereas, men dress themselves in kurta pajama, shalwars, gurabi and skullcaps. Pheran is kind of overcoat wore by Kashmiri people during winter which is decorated with colorful patches and embroidery work.

Most of the costumes of Kashmiri people are loose gown and it just varies in quality of fabric according to the weather. Most of the men wear headgear and women wear a skullcap. Most of the women cover their head and shoulders from strangers and elders as a matter of respect. The Kashmiri costume truly indicates their culture and lifestyle. It also shows that India is still following their cultural values.

Festivals and Observances

A large number of festivals are celebrated by Kashmiri people with full joy and enthusiasm. Besides a panoramic view of the landscape, J & K is a home to rich cultural heritage and it is easily reflected by the festival celebration by the Kashmiri people. Some of the popular festivals are Baishakhi, Lohri, Eid-ul-Fitr, Hemis festival, Tulip Festival, Shikara Festival, Gurez Festival, Sindu Darshan and Domoche. A large number of people gather during the festive season and enjoy these auspicious days with lots of enthusiasm.

Traditional dance, participation in painting, multi-cuisine and shops of handicrafts are an integral part of these festivals. Numerous fairs like Bahu Mela, Jhiri Mela and Craft Mela are also organized on some auspicious days where Kashmiri Culture is highlighted by those people. Kashmir is one of the best places where you can see rich heritage and culture along with its beauty.

Handicrafts

Kashmir is a popular place for their beautiful and unique Handicraft. The Pashmina Shawl is famous worldwide for its quality and fabric. Almost every woman love and desire Pashmina Shawl as it symbolizes royalty. The design and embroidery work on the shawl is breathtaking also, the warmth and softness that it offers is completely matchless. Kashmir is also famous for their hand-knotted carpets and woolen rugs having floral design.

On the other hand, basketry, paper mache, wooden carving furniture made of walnut wood and silverware are one of the best handicrafts offered by Kashmiri people. As Kashmir is one of the best attractions for tourist, the handicraft industry is getting expanded by the government.

Dance and Music

Kashmir has its own style of dance performance and music that is simple and fabulous. Almost every festival and fair consists of dance and music that is a big attraction for tourist also. There is a wide variety of dance and music that is performed according to the occasion. One of the popular dance forms is Mask dance that is performed during the Hemis Festival. The dancers wear colorful costume, wear face mask and brocade robes and do ceremonial dances. Other major dance forms are Chakri, Ladishah, Ruf dance and Dandaras dance. Roul, Dogri and Wuegi-Nachun are some of the forms of folk dance.

Kashmiri people love folk music and tap their feet on the most famous Rabab music. The common instruments played in this music are Sitar, Dukra and Nagara. Wanawun, Ghazals, Sufi and Choral are some major music forms in Kashmir that are sung during wedding ceremonies and festivals.

Kashmir occupation is majorly involved in agriculture and popular cultivated items include Rice, Maize, Mustard, Cottom seed, Radish, Onions, Gourd, Lotus-stalk, Linseed, Carrots, etc. The climatic condition of Kashmir also helps in cultivation of fruits like mulberry, grapes, plums, apples, cherries, apricots, walnuts, almond, etc. Agricultural exports and exports of handicrafts, shawls, and rugs bring the state a handsome amount of foreign exchange.

Jammu and Kashmir have a mix culture that has majorly come from Northern India. Go ahead and explore the rich culture of Kashmir with your next trip to this destination. Plan your tour to Kashmir with EaseMyTrip Flights and experience a new phase of life at Paradise on Earth.

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The Beauty and the Blood of Kashmir

Kashmir: Beauty And The Blood There are many beautiful places on the earth and every place is unique and has its own specialty. Some places are famous for their natural beauty and some for their architectural beauty. In addition, each person differs in choices, likings and tastes. Many people enjoy natural beauty and some are pulled towards historical and architectural beauty. There are few people who notice a different type of beauty which is cultural and traditional beauty. Kashmir is known for its natural beauty. It is said to be the heaven on earth. People call it “The Switzerland of Asia”. They are fascinated with the ravishing scenic beauty of Kashmir. With snow on the mountains, tall trees of Chinar, green land and valleys, Kashmir seem to be one of the most magical places on earth. Even though there is a lot of violence and brutality in Kashmir, different people who live there with diverse culture and tradition share love, affection, tolerance and are still hanging in together. This is the true beauty of Kashmir. Kashmir is located in the Himalayas and is also known for many-sided culture. There are namely three different regions in Kashmir. Jammu, Kashmir itself and Ladakh and they have different people with their diverse culture and traditions. Jammu has majority of Hindu population, Kashmir has Muslims and Ladakh has majority of Buddhism. The one thing that all these regions share in common is that they love and support each other. Even tourists are considered as family. People there are very simple are far away from artificial feelings. The official language of Kashmir, or Jammu Kashmir is Urdu, It is spoken throughout the state but mostly spoken in Kashmir than Jammu and Ladakh. There are few other languages spoken... ... middle of paper ... ...f 1947 first Indo-Pak war, United Nations has monitored the issue and the situation is still being monitored. The issue has not yet been completely resolved. Ultimately, the true beauty of Kashmir is its distinct and diverse culture. It co-exists with “ Kashmir Conflict ” and all the violence happening. That is the only thing that kept people of Kashmir survive. Works Cited Oberoi, Surinder. "Fear And Loathing In Kashmir." Washington Quarterly 24.2 (2001): 195-199. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Mar. 2014. Jeelani Menboob. "Blood And Tourism In Kashmir." Dissent (00123846) 60.4 (2013): 66. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 20 Mar. 2014. Behera, Navnita Chadha. Demystifying Kashmir. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2006. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 20 Mar. 2014.

The Ideological Framework of Lashkar-E-Taiba

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Operation Blue Star: An Attack On Sikhs Essay

... blurred for Manny. Now as a grown man, he sees that Prime Minister Indira Gandhi had the resources and to carry out the attack in another way, but chose not to. Above all, there was no justification for demolishing the Golden Temple. Ultimately, in Manny’s opinion, a Sikh with both religious and military insight, Operation Blue Star was not worth it. Reflecting upon history, I realize that the rift between Indian government and Sikhs continues to grow today. Sikhs feel like outsiders within their own country due to the lingering resentment toward them because of their ambitious stride toward separatism in 1984. Tensions between the two groups are still present because the issue of equality has not been properly resolved; however the power of memory can help lift the fog of ignorance that has clouded generations of Indian minds and pave the way for progress.

Malala Yousafzai and Zahra Arabzada

Edin, Peter. "1947 the Birth of India & Pakistan." New York Times Up Front. 30 Jan 2012: 16-

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Maya Rani's History Of The Partition Of India

The Partition of India led to millions of people displaced and marked as one of the largest mass migration ever over the world. August 15, 1947 was a very significant day for Muslims, Hindus, Sikhs and many others. It marked the day of the British partition of India, and India won its freedom from colonial rule, ending nearly 200 years of British rule. This successful attainment of independence from colonial rule defined a narrative of religious nationalism, but also has led to displacement and violence between the two nation states of India and Pakistan. Once a peaceful union of Muslims and Hindus had become separated, whereas Muslims got Pakistan and Hindus got an independent India (Best et al, 2008). “The Other Side of Silence” (Butalia, 2000, pp.264-300) the oral testimony of a Punjabi woman Maya Rani, who was a child living in Pakistan during the Partition. Her testimony was crucial to understand the historiography of the event, because she was a witness of the impact of the Partition, but she was not directly involved in the violence that the emergence and independence of India that has brought.

Postmodern Multicultural Society

I would like to conclude by stating that this paper is an attempt to understand in depth the basic values, social norms,traditions and history of my culture; the culture of India. Research on this paper enlightened me on India's war laden past, evolving traditions, regional diversity, but , national unity and reconfirmed my own identity. Respect for one's own culture leads to acceptance and regard for other cultures'.

Conflict between Hindus and Muslims

The most threatening conflict between Hindus and Muslims is the province of Kashmir. This is where the decision to divide India into India and Pakistan seems to have been a terrible mistake. Kashmir, which is the only Muslim majority city in India, lies between the divided India and Pakistan. After India’s independence in the 1940’s, Kashmir had to choose to either unite with India or Pakistan. The Prince of Kashmir chose India but Pakistan invaded the province soon after and have occupied part of Kashmir since then. Controversy still surrounds the province today because naturally, Muslims want to control it. While many Muslims relocated to Pakistan and the Hindus to India, half of the Muslim population was left in India and their relations did not improve after being partially separated.

The Cold War and Decolonization

During the Cold War, many regional conflicts occurred and were noted as the significant battles which later led to decolonization. One of the regional conflicts were India and Pakistan fighting for their independence. In 1947, India was released under Great Britain’s control and gained its independence. However, the country was divided between Muslims and Hindus, which share different religions. Muslims wanted church and state to become unified while Hindus wanted a separation of these two establishments. Since these two ethnic groups disagreed, it was difficult to create a new government. Therefore, India was divided into two nations: India for the Hindus and Pakistan for the Muslims. Hindus and Muslims were racing to the border in order to get to their nation state which led to killing 500,000 people due to rioting. Although, Mohandas Gandhi, an Indian National Congressman, wanted to obtain peace between these two religions. Pakistan refused the H...

SWOT Analysis of the Hospitality Industry in India

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Indian Culture Analysis

When people look at a culture on an average day, people only tend to see broad generalities, usually elements that are stereotyped and seemingly always mentioned in connection with that one culture. A similar habit applied to anthropological studies sometimes. It’s easy to forget how complex one apparently cohesive culture can be approached from. This class as a whole approached India and culture from many sides, and it helped me see the benefits of studying a culture from as many different perspectives as possible to get a thorough analysis.

A Passage to India and Orientalism

When in 1978 Edward W. Said published his book Orientalism, it presented a turning point in post-colonial criticism. He introduced the term Orientalism, and talked about 2 of its aspects: the way the West sees the Orient and the way the West controls the Orient. Said gave three definitions of Orientalism, and it is through these definitions that I will try to demonstrate how A Passage to India by E. M. Forster is an Orientalist text. First, Said defined Orientalism as an academic discipline, which flourished in 18th and 19th century.

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Kashmir , region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent. It is bounded by the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang to the northeast and the Tibet Autonomous Region to the east (both parts of China ), by the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab to the south, by Pakistan to the west, and by Afghanistan to the northwest. The region, with a total area of some 85,800 square miles (222,200 square km), has been the subject of dispute between India and Pakistan since the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947. The northern and western portions are administered by Pakistan and comprise three areas: Azad Kashmir , Gilgit , and Baltistan , the last two being part of a single administrative unit called Gilgit-Baltistan (formerly Northern Areas). Administered by India are the southern and southeastern portions, Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh . The Indian- and Pakistani-administered portions are divided by a “line of control” agreed to in 1972, although neither country recognizes it as an international boundary. In addition, China became active in the eastern area of Kashmir in the 1950s and has controlled the northeastern part of Ladakh (the easternmost portion of the region) since 1962.

The Kashmir region is predominantly mountainous, with deep, narrow valleys and high, barren plateaus. The relatively low-lying Jammu and Punch (Poonch) plains in the southwest are separated by the thickly forested Himalayan foothills and the Pir Panjal Range of the Lesser Himalayas from the larger, more fertile, and more heavily populated Vale of Kashmir to the north. The vale, situated at an elevation of about 5,300 feet (1,600 metres), constitutes the basin of the upper Jhelum River and contains the city of Srinagar . Jammu and the vale lie in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir, while the Punch lowlands are largely in Azad Kashmir.

Rising northeast of the vale is the western part of the Great Himalayas , the peaks of which reach elevations of 20,000 feet (6,100 metres) or higher. Farther to the northeast is the high, mountainous plateau region of Ladakh , which is cut by the rugged valley of the northwestward-flowing Indus River . Extending roughly northwestward from the Himalayas are the lofty peaks of the Karakoram Range , including K2 (Mount Godwin Austen), which at 28,251 feet (8,611 metres) is the second highest peak in the world, after Mount Everest .

The region is located along the northernmost extremity of the Indian-Australian tectonic plate. The subduction of that plate beneath the Eurasian Plate —the process that for roughly 50 million years has been creating the Himalayas—has produced heavy seismic activity in Kashmir. One especially powerful earthquake in 2005 devastated Muzaffarabad, which is the administrative center of Azad Kashmir, and adjacent areas including parts of India’s Jammu and Kashmir state (now Jammu and Kashmir union territory) and Pakistan’s North-West Frontier Province (now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ).

The climate of the region ranges from subtropical in the southwestern lowlands to alpine throughout the high mountain areas. Precipitation is variable; it is heavier in areas that can be reached by the monsoonal winds west and south of the great ranges and sparse to the north and east where continental conditions prevail.

The people in the Jammu area are Muslim in the west and Hindu in the east and speak Hindi , Punjabi , and Dogri . The inhabitants of the Vale of Kashmir and the Pakistani areas are mostly Muslim and speak Urdu and Kashmiri . The sparsely inhabited Ladakh region and beyond is home to Tibetan peoples who practice Buddhism and speak Balti and Ladakhi.

According to legend , an ascetic named Kashyapa reclaimed the land now comprising Kashmir from a vast lake. That land came to be known as Kashyapamar and, later, Kashmir. Buddhism was introduced by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century bce , and from the 9th to the 12th century ce the region appears to have achieved considerable prominence as a center of Hindu culture . A succession of Hindu dynasties ruled Kashmir until 1346, when it came under Muslim rule. The Muslim period lasted nearly five centuries, ending when Kashmir was annexed to the Sikh kingdom of the Punjab in 1819 and then to the Dogra kingdom of Jammu in 1846.

Thus, the Kashmir region in its contemporary form dates from 1846, when, by the treaties of Lahore and Amritsar at the conclusion of the First Sikh War , Raja Gulab Singh , the Dogra ruler of Jammu, was created maharaja (ruling prince) of an extensive but somewhat ill-defined Himalayan kingdom “to the eastward of the River Indus and westward of the River Ravi.” The creation of this princely state helped the British safeguard their northern flank in their advance to the Indus and beyond during the latter part of the 19th century. The state thus formed part of a complex political buffer zone interposed by the British between their Indian empire and the empires of Russia and China to the north. For Gulab Singh, confirmation of title to these mountain territories marked the culmination of almost a quarter century of campaigning and diplomatic negotiation among the petty hill kingdoms along the northern borderlands of the Sikh empire of the Punjab.

Some attempts were made in the 19th century to define the boundaries of the territory, but precise definition was in many cases defeated by the nature of the country and by the existence of huge tracts lacking permanent human settlement. In the far north, for example, the maharaja’s authority certainly extended to the Karakoram Range, but beyond that lay a debatable zone on the borders of the Turkistan and Xinjiang regions of Central Asia , and the boundary was never demarcated. There were similar doubts about the alignment of the frontier where this northern zone skirted the region known as Aksai Chin , to the east, and joined the better-known and more precisely delineated boundary with Tibet, which had served for centuries as the eastern border of the Ladakh region. The pattern of boundaries in the northwest became clearer in the last decade of the 19th century, when Britain, in negotiations with Afghanistan and Russia, delimited boundaries in the Pamirs region. At that time Gilgit, always understood to be part of Kashmir, was for strategic reasons constituted as a special agency in 1889 under a British agent.

Beauty In Kashmir Essay

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Show More Register to read the introduction… There are few other languages spoken here, Kashmiri, ladakhi and Dogri languages. Especially the Dogri language is spoken by Dogra people. Jammu and Kashmir is a state known for its different religions and beliefs. Accordingly, they have so many customs and festivals which they celebrate. However, the heartening thing is that all the customs and festivals there, are celebrated by the people of all beliefs and religions together with same passion. The main festivals here are Baisakhi, Lohri and Hemis …show more content… The popular dish there is the Hak or Karam Sag. People who live in cities consume mutton (lamb) in greater quantity but for people in villages it’s still a luxury saved for the days of festival only. Even though the place is cold most of the time in year, people here are hateful of intoxicating drinks. Instead they love consuming Kawa, a green tea made with spices and almond. Apart from cultural beauty, another thing to notice that Kashmir is a home of deities and bounties. It has historical monuments, beautiful spots for photography, bewitch landscapes and plentiful green forests. Many rare species of plants and animals are found on mountains. Mostly saints and sages lived here for a long time. It has snake shaped rivers, tons of huge calm lakes, big waterfalls and long lines of cypress trees that attracts …show more content… Huge varieties of flowers and wild strawberries are grown all over this place. Its exquisite and superb green fields make it feel like god gifted paradise. But, part from its natural beauty, The Shalimar and Nishaat Bagh have great historic importance and they were built by Mughal King Jehangir. Also the Chashme Shahi (a palce) is known for its all natural medicines. There lakes like Tattapani or the Sulphur Lake whose water is believed to cure many different types of skin diseases. Some of the most famous Lakes are Chandanwari, Verinag, Anantnag, Nagin and Dal Lake. One can ride in houseboats and notice their reflections in still waters of the lake which is again a popular thing to do. For religious tourists, There is a cave of Amarnath where the temple of Lord Shiva is located. It is built at a height of 15,000 ft. from ground and is mostly crowded during the month of September and October. Each year hundreds and thousands of people from all over the world visit this historical and religious place. Kashmir is surrounded with some of the best hill stations in India. Apart from having amazing natural attraction, these places are known to be some good health resorts. All of its natural, cultural and traditional beauty, make it a heavenly place on earth. No wonder the beauty of Kashmir is truly

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Essay on Jammu and Kashmir- 10 Lines, 100, 500, 1000 Words
Essay on Jammu and Kashmir in English in 10 Lines "Delve into the diverse tapestry of Jammu and Kashmir in this insightful essay in English, exploring its rich history, cultural heritage, and the complexities that define its unique identity.". Jammu and Kashmir, often referred to as "Paradise on Earth," is a union territory in northern India.
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The list of some important wars are as follows: 1. First Indo-Pak War (1947-1948): Fought for Jammu Kashmir shortly after India's independence. Loaded 0%. 2. Sino-Indian War (1962): A conflict between India and China for the territorial region Aksai Chin. 3. The War of (1965): Fought mainly over Kashmir.
Tourism in Jammu and Kashmir Essay
The tourist trade is an important factor in the economy of Jammu and Kashmir: As many as four lakh tourists pay a visit to the valley every year. The tourist season commences in April-May and continues up to October. Some Europeans come in winter to enjoy the beauty of snowfall and such winter sports like skating and skiing at Gulmarg which is ...
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The whole of Kashmir is undoubtedly, very beautiful. Here are a few places whose beauty you absolutely must not miss. Beauty of Kashmir valley in 6 places: 1. Srinagar: The summer capital of Jammu & Kashmir, Srinagar is a city that you absolutely must visit. This is also the largest city in Kashmir.
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Subhash Kak. Kashmir's geographical location partly explains is cultural history. It may be that its natural beauty and temperate climate are the reasons that Kashmiris have a strong tradition in the arts, literature, painting, drama, and dance. Its relative isolation, the security provided by the ring of mountains around it, and its distance ...
Essay on Tourism in Kashmir
Tourism in Kashmir is a blend of natural beauty, cultural richness, and thrilling adventure. Despite challenges, its potential is immense. With the right strategies, it can be a beacon of economic growth and cultural exchange, while preserving its natural splendors for future generations. 500 Words Essay on Tourism in Kashmir Introduction
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The climate of Jammu Region is different from Kashmir Valley, even though they receive three seasons: summer, monsoon & winter. Summer Season: Summer in Jammu starts from March & continues till May, with the temperature ranging between 35°C going as high as 45°C. Summer in Kashmir Valley starts from May and lasts till August, with the temperature ranging between 14°C to 30°C.
Jammu Kashmir
The Indian portion of Kashmir is called Jammu and Kashmir and it's capital in Srinagar. The Pakistani-controlled part of the region is called Azad Kashmir and its capital is Muzaffarabad. Though, some of the time this state is closed down due to curfew, tourists still flock to the place to enjoy the natural beauty and the pleasant climate.
Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir is a union territory of India (until October 31, 2019, a state), located in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent centered on the plains around Jammu to the south and the Vale of Kashmir to the north. It is part of the larger Kashmir region, which has been the subject of dispute between India, Pakistan, and China since the 1947 partition of the subcontinent.
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The yatra has caused considerable damage to the economy and ecology of the area. The high-handed actions of the Shri Amarnath Shrine Board only aggravated the situation. "From the Killing Fields of Kashmir to the Finishing Line" by Gautam Navlakha (Sanhati, October 10, 2010) "Truth and demand for justice are on the side of the Kashmiri ...
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500 Words Essay on Trip to Kashmir Introduction. Kashmir, often referred to as "Paradise on Earth," is a mesmerizing blend of picturesque landscapes, invigorating climate, and rich culture. This essay will take you on a virtual journey through this enchanting valley, highlighting its captivating beauty and unique experiences. The Journey
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Jammu and Kashmir, located in the northernmost part of India, is a place of unparalleled natural beauty and rich cultural heritage. Whether you're a thrill-seeker looking for adventure or a traveler…
Culture of Kashmir : Exploring the Vibrant Tradition, Art, Music, Food
The rich and fascinating culture of Kashmir is famous throughout the globe. The people, arts, crafts, theatre, literature, dances, music and so much more greatly contribute to the height of the Kashmiri Culture. Furthermore, known for its diversity due to the blend of various cultures and religions there. Its rich history is the cherry on top ...
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Srinagar Essay for Students and Children in English
10 Lines on Srinagar Essay in English. 1. Srinagar is called the summer capital of India. 2. Srinagar is known with the name of Heaven on earth because of its natural beauty. 3. The Pashmina shawls are unique traditional and famous world-wide. 4.
10 beautiful must-visit places in scenic Jammu and Kashmir
Everywhere you look, the landscape is covered with green meadows, snow-capped mountains, lakes, and rivers. Kashmir Valley should be at the top of your list if you want to experience Kashmir's beauty. The capital city in the valley is one of the most popular tourist locations in Jammu & Kashmir, along with a popular honeymoon destination.
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According to the sources, Wazwan and their culture is highly influenced by Central Asian and Persian culture. Their dance, music, cuisine, carpet weaving and Koshur Sufiana forms a significant part of Kashmiri identity. Kashmiri culture is mainly followed by people living in Kashmir valley and Dodab of the Chenab region.
Special Issue: Writing about Kashmir
The articles that this special issue comprises foreground the plight of those craving a world in which social justice, political enfranchisement, cultural pride, and self-realization are the order of the day. The authors of these articles acknowledge, either explicitly or implicitly, the yearning of the people of Jammu and Kashmir for a world ...
The Beauty and the Blood of Kashmir
1058 Words3 Pages. Kashmir: Beauty And The Blood. There are many beautiful places on the earth and every place is unique and has its own specialty. Some places are famous for their natural beauty and some for their architectural beauty. In addition, each person differs in choices, likings and tastes. Many people enjoy natural beauty and some ...
Kashmir
The Kashmir region is predominantly mountainous, with deep, narrow valleys and high, barren plateaus. The relatively low-lying Jammu and Punch (Poonch) plains in the southwest are separated by the thickly forested Himalayan foothills and the Pir Panjal Range of the Lesser Himalayas from the larger, more fertile, and more heavily populated Vale of Kashmir to the north.
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Join us on an enchanting journey through the snowy wonderland of Bhaderwah, nestled in the serene valleys of Jammu and Kashmir. Captured in February 2024, th...
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1 of 14. ON THE WATERFRONT Photography by Jamie Hawkesworth for WSJ. Magazine. "THIS ISN'T INDIA. This is Kashmir," a fellow passenger told me as we landed at the Srinagar airport. Now, as ...
Beauty In Kashmir Essay
Beauty In Kashmir Essay. Register to read the introduction…. There are few other languages spoken here, Kashmiri, ladakhi and Dogri languages. Especially the Dogri language is spoken by Dogra people. Jammu and Kashmir is a state known for its different religions and beliefs. Accordingly, they have so many customs and festivals which they ...