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How to Create a Dissertation Timeline (With Examples + Tempate)

When it’s time to start thinking about writing your dissertation, it is vital to put together a dissertation timeline. This will help you map out the months you will be spending on your dissertation, and ensure that you’re staying on track. A specific and detailed dissertation timeline will serve as an outline to guide you, step by step, through what can be a long and challenging process. 

While we often refer to a dissertation in a way that makes it sound like a monolith, in reality, a dissertation consists of many moving parts. A dissertation timeline includes a series of milestones that leads up to the dissertation defense , revisions, and final submission of your dissertation. Constructing an outline of every step in the dissertation process , including rough estimates of how long each will take, will give you a realistic picture of where you are in the process at any given time. 

Before embarking on your dissertation, it is a good idea to meet with your dissertation advisor and sketch out a dissertation timeline that is realistic for the size and scope of your project and includes deadlines. This will provide you with much-needed structure and a sense of what will happen next. To get an idea of what a completed dissertation looks like and the components your program requires, ask to see samples from recent graduates in your department. 

These are a few frequently asked questions about crafting a dissertation timeline: 

• What does a dissertation timeline look like?
• What goes in a dissertation timeline? 
• How structured should a dissertation timeline be?
• What do you do with a dissertation timeline? 

What Does a Dissertation Timeline Look Like? 

One way to think about a dissertation timeline is as a kind of outline. While the outlining process is unique to each writer, there are commonalities shared by all of them. Likewise, when writing a dissertation timeline, you’ll want to include all of the basic elements of your dissertation as well as the amount of time you think you’ll need to execute them. 

The best dissertation timeline format is the one that works for you. Though I’ve reformed somewhat over the years, for a long time I wasn’t a fan of intensely detailed outlines. Many people don’t like outlines. And that’s okay! However, writing a dissertation is not the time to be flying by the seat of your pants. To get started, a simple, linear timeline that projects the amount of time you think you’ll need to write your dissertation will suffice. 

Example Dissertation Timeline

Below, you’ll find an example of a dissertation timeline, which you can view as an image in your browser or download as a spreadsheet. Feel free to use the spreadsheet as a template as you build your own dissertation timeline.

Or download the spreadsheet below:

Inclusion in a Dissertation Timeline

When constructing your dissertation timeline, include every element of the dissertation from the abstract to the conclusion. Keep in mind that you may not be writing your chapters in chronological order. For instance, after completing their first round of research and writing their research question, most graduate students will tackle their literature review next, even though it comes after the abstract and introduction in the final document. 

Depending on the field being studied, most dissertations will also include sections for methodology, results, and discussion. Many programs also require a detailed conclusion that alludes to future research possibilities. Every dissertation also has an extensive list of references (pro tip: write this as you’re writing your dissertation), as well as appendices for charts, graphs, and other ephemera. And don’t forget your acknowledgments! 

Dissertation Timeline Structure

The structure of your dissertation timeline will take shape once you’re engaged in the research process. While a road map may seem like an apt metaphor for a dissertation, once you get started you may notice a lot of starts and stops and circling back. After you’ve begun researching, you may realize that you need to allot more time for digging through the databases, or you may discover that you need to reformulate your research question entirely. 

I’ve seen many of my own graduate students use calendars to great effect, giving themselves hard and fast deadlines to meet. Many students also build out their dissertation timelines as they progress, attaching working drafts of their abstract, introduction, and literature review to their timeline within a giant spreadsheet that links to multiple documents and sources. All of these methods are valid. Devise one that works for you. 

Using a Dissertation Timeline

So once you have a thoughtful, soundly-constructed dissertation timeline, what do you do with it? First, and most importantly, try your best to adhere to it. Check in with your dissertation timeline regularly, and use it to keep yourself on track. Also, make adjustments to it as needed. If you find yourself breezing through your preliminary research but needing a bit more time for your literature review, consult your timeline and adjust accordingly. 

While meeting your deadlines is important, also construct your dissertation timeline with an understanding that many graduate students face delays once they start working on their dissertation. These can include hold-ups at the department or university level in the form of late IRB approval or limited lab space or grant funding that gets cut. Anything can happen, but having a dissertation timeline will help you get back on track as soon as the storm passes. 

In my own experience, I also found my dissertation timeline to be a great document to share and discuss with my dissertation chair and committee. Once I finished my comprehensive exams, I met with members of my dissertation committee and got feedback on my rough dissertation timeline to make sure my goals for submitting my dissertation and graduating were realistic. This also ensured that we were all on the same page. 

When writing a dissertation, timing is everything. Creating a dissertation timeline gives you definitive time limits for research and writing, and it also influences several other major decisions that you’ll need to make. These include preparation to go on the job market, which often coincides with writing your dissertation. There is no doubt that this will be a hectic time in your graduate school career, but having a well-organized dissertation timeline is a good way to keep everything in perspective. 

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Courtney Watson, Ph.D.

Courtney Watson, Ph.D. is an Associate Professor of English at Radford University Carilion, in Roanoke, Virginia. Her areas of expertise include undergraduate and graduate curriculum development for writing courses in the health sciences and American literature with a focus on literary travel, tourism, and heritage economies. Her writing and academic scholarship has been widely published in places that include  Studies in American Culture ,  Dialogue , and  The Virginia Quarterly Review . Her research on the integration of humanities into STEM education will be published by Routledge in an upcoming collection. Dr. Watson has also been nominated by the State Council for Higher Education of Virginia’s Outstanding Faculty Rising Star Award, and she is a past winner of the National Society of Arts & Letters Regional Short Story Prize, as well as institutional awards for scholarly research and excellence in teaching. Throughout her career in higher education, Dr. Watson has served in faculty governance and administration as a frequent committee chair and program chair. As a higher education consultant, she has served as a subject matter expert, an evaluator, and a contributor to white papers exploring program development, enrollment research, and educational mergers and acquisitions.

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Dissertation Checklist and Timeline

Completing all of the crucial steps to the dissertation process can be complicated. Time and task management will be key to your success. Review the suggested tasks and print out this checklist to assist you in your dissertation journey.

Every Thing You Need to Know About the Dissertation Timeline

• By Ethan Tremblay
• Academic Writing

Pursuing a PhD is an immense undertaking, and the dissertation timeline is a critical component that guides scholars through this academic endeavor. A dissertation timeline outlines the major milestones and deadlines from the proposal to the final defense. It serves as a roadmap, helping students manage their time effectively and navigate the complex process with clarity and focus. Understanding the significance of a well-structured timeline is paramount, as it can influence the quality of the research, the writing process, and ultimately, the success of the dissertation.

Understanding the Dissertation Process: Key Stages to Shape Your Timeline

Embarking on a dissertation journey is a significant undertaking that involves several key stages. Each phase is crucial and requires careful planning and execution to ensure a successful completion. Understanding these stages is essential for creating an effective dissertation timeline .

• Proposal Development: This initial stage involves identifying a research topic, formulating research questions, and developing a proposal that outlines the study’s objectives, methodology, and significance.
• Literature Review: A comprehensive review of existing literature to frame the research within the context of what is already known and to identify gaps that the dissertation will address.
• Research Design and Data Collection: Establishing a robust methodology and collecting data through various means such as experiments, surveys, or archival research.
• Data Analysis: After data collection, the next step is to analyze the data to draw meaningful insights and patterns that support the research questions.
• Writing the Dissertation: This involves drafting the chapters, which include the introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion.
• Revision and Editing: Refining the draft, addressing feedback from advisors and committee members, and ensuring the dissertation meets the required academic standards.
• Defense Preparation: Preparing for the final defense involves summarizing the research findings and defending the work before a committee.

Each of these stages plays a pivotal role in shaping the dissertation timeline and ultimately determines the trajectory of the research journey from inception to defense.

Creating Your Personalized Dissertation Timeline

Creating a personalized dissertation timeline is a pivotal step in managing your doctoral journey effectively. To begin, break down the dissertation process into manageable stages. Start by estimating the time needed for each phase, such as proposal development, research, writing, editing, and preparation for defense. Set realistic goals for each stage, considering your personal and professional commitments.

• Initial Research: Allocate time to immerse yourself in your topic, understand the scope, and formulate your research questions.
• Proposal Writing: Dedicate a period for drafting, revising, and obtaining approval for your proposal.
• Data Collection: Schedule ample time for gathering and analyzing your data, which can be unpredictable.
• Drafting Chapters: Plan periods for writing individual chapters, allowing for feedback and revisions.
• Final Review: Before the defense, set aside time for a thorough review and refinement of your dissertation.

Remember to incorporate buffers for unexpected delays, such as personal emergencies or academic setbacks. By anticipating these potential hurdles, you can adjust your timeline accordingly. Tailor your timeline to your individual needs, working style, and life circumstances. Regularly review and adjust your timeline to reflect your progress and any changes in your situation.

Utilizing tools like Gantt charts or project management software can help visualize and track your progress against your dissertation timeline . This visual representation can be particularly helpful in staying organized and motivated.

Key Factors Influencing Your Dissertation Timeline

When planning your dissertation timeline , it’s crucial to consider the various elements that can influence its length. These factors are often interconnected, and their impact can vary widely among different students and disciplines.

• Research Complexity: The scope and depth of your research can significantly affect your timeline. Projects requiring extensive experimentation, fieldwork, or longitudinal studies may take longer to complete.
• Funding: Access to financial resources can accelerate or delay your progress. Sufficient funding allows for dedicated research time, while a lack of it might necessitate part-time work, extending the timeline.
• Academic Obligations: Teaching responsibilities, coursework, and departmental duties can impact the amount of time available for dissertation work.
• Personal Life: Life events such as family commitments, health issues, or other personal circumstances can also play a significant role in the duration of your dissertation journey.

Understanding these factors can help you set realistic goals and adjust your timeline accordingly, ensuring a smoother path to your dissertation defense.

Typical Duration from Start to Defense in Your Dissertation Timeline

When planning for a PhD, understanding the dissertation timeline is crucial. The journey from the initial proposal to the final defense can vary significantly. Generally, this period spans anywhere from three to eight years, with most candidates averaging around four to six years. This timeframe is influenced by numerous factors, including the complexity of the research, the field of study, and the institution’s requirements.

• Year 1-2: Coursework and defining research topic
• Year 2-3: Comprehensive exams and proposal development
• Year 3-5: Research, data collection, and writing
• Year 5-6: Revisions and preparation for defense

It’s important to note that these stages can overlap, and some students may progress faster or slower. In fields like the sciences, where experiments can be unpredictable, the timeline might extend. Conversely, disciplines with a strong theoretical basis might see shorter durations. Each academic journey is unique, and while these are typical stages, they are not set in stone.

Completion Rates and the Dissertation Timeline: Understanding the Challenges

Understanding the completion rates and the hurdles that PhD students face during their dissertation journey is crucial. A significant number of doctoral candidates face the daunting reality of not crossing the finish line. Statistics reveal that nearly 50% of PhD students do not complete their dissertations . This stark number is indicative of the myriad of challenges that can derail even the most dedicated scholars.

• Protracted research phases and difficulty in data collection often contribute to delays.
• Financial constraints may arise, leading to stress and a lack of resources.
• Academic burnout and personal issues can also impede progress.
• Moreover, the complexity of the subject matter and unexpected academic hurdles can cause significant setbacks.

These factors, among others, underscore the importance of a well-planned dissertation timeline to navigate the PhD journey effectively. It is not just about setting deadlines, but also about anticipating potential obstacles and building in contingencies for when things do not go as planned.

Conclusion: Key Takeaways on Your Dissertation Timeline

In wrapping up, the journey through your dissertation timeline is unique, yet it shares common milestones with peers. From proposal to defense, each phase is pivotal. Remember, meticulous planning and realistic timeframes are the cornerstones of success. The challenges faced, such as research complexities and personal commitments, can stretch this timeline, but they also forge resilience. A significant portion of doctoral candidates may not reach the finish line, underscoring the need for determination and support networks. Ultimately, this timeline is not just a schedule; it’s a testament to your scholarly dedication and perseverance.

Ethan Tremblay

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Defending Your Dissertation: A Guide

Written by Luke Wink-Moran | Photo by insta_photos

Dissertation defenses are daunting, and no wonder; it’s not a “dissertation discussion,” or a “dissertation dialogue.” The name alone implies that the dissertation you’ve spent the last x number of years working on is subject to attack. And if you don’t feel trepidation for semantic reasons, you might be nervous because you don’t know what to expect. Our imaginations are great at making The Unknown scarier than reality. The good news is that you’ll find in this newsletter article experts who can shed light on what dissertations defenses are really like, and what you can do to prepare for them.

The first thing you should know is that your defense has already begun. It started the minute you began working on your dissertation— maybe even in some of the classes you took beforehand that helped you formulate your ideas. This, according to Dr. Celeste Atkins, is why it’s so important to identify a good mentor early in graduate school.

“To me,” noted Dr. Atkins, who wrote her dissertation on how sociology faculty from traditionally marginalized backgrounds teach about privilege and inequality, “the most important part of the doctoral journey was finding an advisor who understood and supported what I wanted from my education and who was willing to challenge me and push me, while not delaying me.  I would encourage future PhDs to really take the time to get to know the faculty before choosing an advisor and to make sure that the members of their committee work well together.”

Your advisor will be the one who helps you refine arguments and strengthen your work so that by the time it reaches your dissertation committee, it’s ready. Next comes the writing process, which many students have said was the hardest part of their PhD. I’ve included this section on the writing process because this is where you’ll create all the material you’ll present during your defense, so it’s important to navigate it successfully. The writing process is intellectually grueling, it eats time and energy, and it’s where many students find themselves paddling frantically to avoid languishing in the “All-But-Dissertation” doldrums. The writing process is also likely to encroach on other parts of your life. For instance, Dr. Cynthia Trejo wrote her dissertation on college preparation for Latin American students while caring for a twelve-year-old, two adult children, and her aging parents—in the middle of a pandemic. When I asked Dr. Trejo how she did this, she replied:

“I don’t take the privilege of education for granted. My son knew I got up at 4:00 a.m. every morning, even on weekends, even on holidays; and it’s a blessing that he’s seen that work ethic and that dedication and the end result.”

Importantly, Dr. Trejo also exercised regularly and joined several online writing groups at UArizona. She mobilized her support network— her partner, parents, and even friends from high school to help care for her son.

The challenges you face during the writing process can vary by discipline. Jessika Iwanski is an MD/PhD student who in 2022 defended her dissertation on genetic mutations in sarcomeric proteins that lead to severe, neonatal dilated cardiomyopathy. She described her writing experience as “an intricate process of balancing many things at once with a deadline (defense day) that seems to be creeping up faster and faster— finishing up experiments, drafting the dissertation, preparing your presentation, filling out all the necessary documents for your defense and also, for MD/PhD students, beginning to reintegrate into the clinical world (reviewing your clinical knowledge and skill sets)!”

But no matter what your unique challenges are, writing a dissertation can take a toll on your mental health. Almost every student I spoke with said they saw a therapist and found their sessions enormously helpful. They also looked to the people in their lives for support. Dr. Betsy Labiner, who wrote her dissertation on Interiority, Truth, and Violence in Early Modern Drama, recommended, “Keep your loved ones close! This is so hard – the dissertation lends itself to isolation, especially in the final stages. Plus, a huge number of your family and friends simply won’t understand what you’re going through. But they love you and want to help and are great for getting you out of your head and into a space where you can enjoy life even when you feel like your dissertation is a flaming heap of trash.”

While you might sometimes feel like your dissertation is a flaming heap of trash, remember: a) no it’s not, you brilliant scholar, and b) the best dissertations aren’t necessarily perfect dissertations. According to Dr. Trejo, “The best dissertation is a done dissertation.” So don’t get hung up on perfecting every detail of your work. Think of your dissertation as a long-form assignment that you need to finish in order to move onto the next stage of your career. Many students continue revising after graduation and submit their work for publication or other professional objectives.

When you do finish writing your dissertation, it’s time to schedule your defense and invite friends and family to the part of the exam that’s open to the public. When that moment comes, how do you prepare to present your work and field questions about it?

“I reread my dissertation in full in one sitting,” said Dr. Labiner. “During all my time writing it, I’d never read more than one complete chapter at a time! It was a huge confidence boost to read my work in full and realize that I had produced a compelling, engaging, original argument.”

There are many other ways to prepare: create presentation slides and practice presenting them to friends or alone; think of questions you might be asked and answer them; think about what you want to wear or where you might want to sit (if you’re presenting on Zoom) that might give you a confidence boost. Iwanksi practiced presenting with her mentor and reviewed current papers to anticipate what questions her committee might ask.  If you want to really get in the zone, you can emulate Dr. Labiner and do a full dress rehearsal on Zoom the day before your defense.

But no matter what you do, you’ll still be nervous:

“I had a sense of the logistics, the timing, and so on, but I didn’t really have clear expectations outside of the structure. It was a sort of nebulous three hours in which I expected to be nauseatingly terrified,” recalled Dr. Labiner.

“I expected it to be terrifying, with lots of difficult questions and constructive criticism/comments given,” agreed Iwanski.

“I expected it to be very scary,” said Dr. Trejo.

“I expected it to be like I was on trial, and I’d have to defend myself and prove I deserved a PhD,” said Dr Atkins.

And, eventually, inexorably, it will be time to present.  

“It was actually very enjoyable” said Iwanski. “It was more of a celebration of years of work put into this project—not only by me but by my mentor, colleagues, lab members and collaborators! I felt very supported by all my committee members and, rather than it being a rapid fire of questions, it was more of a scientific discussion amongst colleagues who are passionate about heart disease and muscle biology.”

“I was anxious right when I logged on to the Zoom call for it,” said Dr. Labiner, “but I was blown away by the number of family and friends that showed up to support me. I had invited a lot of people who I didn’t at all think would come, but every single person I invited was there! Having about 40 guests – many of them joining from different states and several from different countries! – made me feel so loved and celebrated that my nerves were steadied very quickly. It also helped me go into ‘teaching mode’ about my work, so it felt like getting to lead a seminar on my most favorite literature.”

“In reality, my dissertation defense was similar to presenting at an academic conference,” said Dr. Atkins. “I went over my research in a practiced and organized way, and I fielded questions from the audience.

“It was a celebration and an important benchmark for me,” said Dr. Trejo. “It was a pretty happy day. Like the punctuation at the end of your sentence: this sentence is done; this journey is done. You can start the next sentence.”

If you want to learn more about dissertations in your own discipline, don’t hesitate to reach out to graduates from your program and ask them about their experiences. If you’d like to avail yourself of some of the resources that helped students in this article while they wrote and defended their dissertations, check out these links:

The Graduate Writing Lab

https://thinktank.arizona.edu/writing-center/graduate-writing-lab

The Writing Skills Improvement Program

https://wsip.arizona.edu

Campus Health Counseling and Psych Services

https://caps.arizona.edu

https://www.scribbr.com/

Navigating the Dissertation Timeline: From Proposal to Defense

The journey of earning a doctoral degree is often marked by a significant academic endeavor – the completion of a dissertation. This comprehensive research project represents the culmination of years of study and is a testament to your expertise in your chosen field. Navigating the dissertation timeline, from the initial proposal to the rigorous defense, is a demanding but ultimately rewarding process. In this article, we'll guide you through the key stages and offer valuable insights to help you succeed in this monumental task.

The Dissertation Proposal

The dissertation proposal marks the inception of your doctoral journey—a crucial step that sets the stage for your extensive research project. At its core, the proposal is a blueprint outlining your intended research, addressing what, why, and how you plan to investigate a specific research problem or question.

Clarity of Purpose: The proposal should clearly articulate the purpose of your research. What issue or gap in knowledge are you addressing? Why is this research significant to your field? Your proposal should not only identify your research problem but also justify its relevance and importance.

Research Questions/Hypotheses: Central to your proposal are your research questions or hypotheses. These should be specific, focused, and aligned with your research problem. They guide your investigation and provide a clear direction for your study.

Reviewing Existing Literature: A thorough literature review is an essential component of the proposal. It demonstrates your understanding of the existing scholarship in your field, showcasing how your research fits into the broader academic conversation. Identify gaps or areas of contention in the literature that your research aims to address.

Methodology: This section outlines your research methodology, detailing how you plan to gather and analyze data. It should justify why your chosen methods are suitable for your research questions. Clear methodology ensures the rigor and validity of your study.

Timeline: A realistic timeline is critical for the successful completion of your dissertation. Your proposal should include a timeline with key milestones, from literature review completion to data collection and analysis phases. Effective time management is vital for the overall progress of your research.

Bibliography: Include a comprehensive bibliography or reference list, demonstrating your familiarity with existing research in your field. This not only substantiates your research but also provides a foundation for your literature review.

Advisor Involvement: Throughout the proposal-writing process, consult with your advisor or mentor. Their guidance is invaluable in refining your research questions, methodology, and overall proposal. They can offer insights, suggest relevant literature, and ensure your proposal aligns with academic standards.

Revisions and Refinement: The proposal is not a one-time endeavor; it often undergoes multiple revisions. Seek feedback from peers, professors, or writing center experts. Each revision hones your proposal, making it more persuasive and robust.

Institutional Guidelines: Different institutions may have specific formatting and submission guidelines for dissertation proposals. Adhering to these guidelines is essential to ensure your proposal meets institutional requirements.

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Literature review and research.

With the dissertation proposal approved, the next phase of your doctoral journey unfolds: the literature review and research. This stage is characterized by deep exploration and data gathering, setting the groundwork for your original contribution to your field of study.

Comprehensive Literature Review: The cornerstone of this phase is the literature review. It's a meticulous examination of existing scholarship related to your research topic. Your goal is to identify key themes, debates, and gaps in the literature. A well-executed literature review:

Builds a Theoretical Foundation: It lays the theoretical foundation for your research, helping you align your study within the broader academic discourse.

Identifies Gaps: The review should pinpoint areas where the existing research falls short or where there is room for further investigation.

Informs Methodology: Your understanding of the literature informs your choice of research methods, helping you design a study that addresses critical questions in your field.

Data Collection and Analysis: With your literature review complete, you'll transition to data collection and analysis. Depending on your research design, this may involve surveys, experiments, interviews, or extensive data analysis. Key considerations during this phase include:

Research Ethics: Adhere to ethical guidelines in all aspects of data collection. Ensure the protection of participants' rights and the integrity of your research.

Systematic Approach: Approach data collection systematically, maintaining organized records and documenting your methods to ensure reproducibility.

Data Quality: Ensure the accuracy and reliability of your data. Employ robust data analysis techniques appropriate for your research design.

Maintaining Records: Throughout the literature review and research phase, meticulous record-keeping is crucial. Document your sources, data collection methods, and analysis procedures. A well-organized research log streamlines the writing process later.

Flexibility and Adaptation: Research rarely unfolds exactly as planned. Be prepared to adjust your research questions or methods if unexpected challenges arise. Flexibility is key to overcoming obstacles and ensuring the integrity of your study.

Continuous Refinement: The literature review and research phase is an iterative process. As you gather data and immerse yourself deeper in the subject matter, you may identify nuances or modifications to your research questions. Embrace this evolution and refine your approach accordingly.

Advisor Guidance: Maintain regular communication with your advisor or mentor during this phase. They can offer insights, assist in troubleshooting challenges, and ensure your research remains on track.

This phase represents the heart of your dissertation journey. It's where you engage deeply with your research topic, gather evidence, and build the foundation for your dissertation's argument. With a comprehensive literature review guiding your research and a commitment to rigorous data collection and analysis, you are well on your way to crafting a dissertation that contributes significantly to your field.

Writing and Revising

The writing and revising phase of your dissertation journey is where the research and ideas you've meticulously gathered and developed come to life in the form of a cohesive, well-structured document. This phase is both demanding and rewarding, requiring dedication, discipline, and a commitment to producing high-quality academic work.

Establish a Writing Schedule: Consistency is key during this phase. Set up a writing schedule that aligns with your productivity patterns. Whether you're a morning person or a night owl, allocate dedicated time for writing and stick to it. Regular writing sessions help maintain momentum.

Set Milestones: Writing a dissertation can feel overwhelming, but breaking it into manageable milestones makes it more manageable. Create a roadmap with specific objectives, such as completing a chapter, revising a section, or finishing a literature review. Achieving these milestones provides a sense of accomplishment and keeps you on track.

Seek Feedback: Your advisor, peers, or writing center experts can provide invaluable feedback during the writing process. Share drafts of your work with them and welcome constructive criticism. Different perspectives can help identify blind spots, strengthen arguments, and enhance overall clarity.

Revision is Key: Embrace the iterative nature of writing. Drafting is only the beginning. Revision is where your work truly takes shape. Review your writing critically, focusing on clarity, organization, and coherence. Ensure each paragraph contributes to the overall argument, and eliminate any redundant or tangential content.

Maintain Your Voice: While academic writing demands precision and formality, don't lose your unique voice and perspective. Your dissertation should reflect your scholarly identity and offer a fresh perspective on your research topic.

Cite and Reference: Accurate citation and referencing are paramount. Follow the appropriate style guide (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago) meticulously. Keep track of your sources and cite them correctly. Plagiarism is a serious academic offense that can jeopardize your dissertation.

Stay Organized: Maintain an organized filing system for your research materials, drafts, and notes. A well-structured digital or physical filing system ensures that you can easily access relevant information during the writing and revision process.

Proofreading: Once you've revised your work, conduct thorough proofreading. Pay attention to grammar, spelling, punctuation, and formatting errors. Proofreading tools and software can be helpful, but don't rely solely on them. Human proofreaders often catch subtleties that automated tools miss.

Take Breaks: Don't underestimate the value of breaks. Periodically stepping away from your work allows you to return with fresh eyes and a clearer perspective. Short breaks during writing sessions and longer breaks between major revisions can enhance the quality of your writing.

Perseverance: Writing a dissertation is a marathon, not a sprint. There may be moments of frustration or self-doubt, but perseverance is your greatest asset. Keep your end goal in sight and maintain confidence in your abilities.

The writing and revising phase is where your dissertation truly takes shape and transforms from a collection of ideas into a cohesive, well-structured document. Embrace the challenges and rewards of this process, and remember that it's a critical step on your journey toward earning your doctoral degree. Your commitment to producing high-quality academic work will ultimately result in a dissertation that contributes significantly to your field of study.

Preparing for the Defense

As you approach the final stages of your dissertation journey, one significant milestone stands between you and the coveted doctoral degree: the defense. Preparing for this rigorous examination of your research is paramount, as it represents the culmination of your academic journey and a public demonstration of your expertise. Here's how to navigate this pivotal phase:

Know Your Work Inside Out: Before stepping into the defense room, you should be intimately familiar with every aspect of your dissertation. Know your research questions, hypotheses, methodology, findings, and conclusions inside and out. Anticipate potential questions and challenges that your defense committee may pose.

Mock Defenses: Arrange mock defense sessions with peers, advisors, or mentors. These simulated defenses provide an opportunity to practice answering questions and refine your presentation skills. Constructive feedback from these sessions is invaluable in fine-tuning your defense strategy.

Understand the Evaluation Criteria: Different institutions and programs have varying criteria for evaluating dissertation defenses. Familiarize yourself with your institution's specific requirements and expectations. Typically, your defense will be evaluated based on the quality of your research, your ability to articulate and defend your findings, and your overall mastery of the subject matter.

Stay Calm and Confident: On the day of the defense, it's natural to feel a mix of excitement and nervousness. To combat anxiety, practice relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing or visualization. Confidence is key. Remember that you are the expert on your research, and you are well-prepared to address questions and engage in scholarly discourse.

Address Questions Thoughtfully: During the defense, listen carefully to the questions posed by your committee members. Respond thoughtfully and professionally. If you encounter a question you're unsure about, it's perfectly acceptable to request clarification or take a moment to gather your thoughts. Your ability to handle questions with grace and professionalism is a crucial aspect of the defense.

Stay Open to Feedback: The defense committee may offer feedback and suggestions for further improvement of your dissertation. Be receptive to their input. This feedback is an opportunity for growth and refinement. Even if you're met with challenging questions or critiques, approach them with an open mind and a willingness to engage in scholarly dialogue.

Celebrate Your Achievement: Regardless of the outcome of your defense, completing this phase is a monumental achievement. Take time to celebrate your hard work and dedication with family, friends, and mentors. Earning a doctoral degree is a significant milestone in your academic and professional journey.

Post-Defense Steps: After a successful defense, there are typically post-defense steps to follow. These may include addressing any revisions or suggestions from the defense committee and finalizing your dissertation according to institutional guidelines.

Post-Defense Steps

Congratulations! You've successfully defended your dissertation, marking the near-end of your long and challenging journey toward earning your doctoral degree. While the defense itself is a significant milestone, there are several important post-defense steps to navigate as you approach the finish line.

Committee Feedback: Following your defense, your committee members may provide feedback and suggestions for revisions. Be attentive to their comments, as addressing their input is typically part of the post-defense process. Review their feedback carefully and consider how it can strengthen your dissertation.

Revisions and Finalization: Depending on your committee's feedback, you may need to make revisions to your dissertation. These revisions may involve clarifying sections, refining arguments, or addressing any concerns raised during the defense. Take a systematic approach to revisions, ensuring that each aspect of your dissertation aligns with your committee's expectations.

Formatting and Submission: Institutions often have specific formatting requirements for dissertations. Ensure your document adheres to these guidelines meticulously. Pay attention to details such as margins, fonts, citations, and pagination. Once your dissertation meets formatting standards, submit it according to your institution's submission process.

Final Dissertation Review: Before submitting your dissertation, perform a comprehensive final review. Check for any lingering typographical errors, grammatical mistakes, or formatting inconsistencies. A polished and error-free document reflects your commitment to academic excellence.

Copyright and Publishing: Consider your options regarding copyright and publishing. Some students choose to publish their dissertations in academic journals or as books. Consult with your advisor or mentor on the best publishing route for your research. Additionally, determine whether you need to apply for copyright protection for your work.

Graduate School Requirements: Review your graduate school's requirements for degree completion. Ensure you have fulfilled all necessary paperwork, such as submitting necessary forms and transcripts. Stay in communication with your academic department to confirm that you are on track to meet all degree requirements.

Final Submission: Once all revisions are complete, and your document is in its final form, submit your dissertation to your graduate school or department. This submission may involve electronic uploads, printed copies, or both, depending on your institution's procedures.

Binding and Archiving: Some institutions require printed copies of your dissertation to be bound and archived. Follow your institution's guidelines for binding and archiving to ensure that your work is properly preserved and accessible for future scholars.

Celebration: Earning a doctoral degree is a monumental achievement. Take time to celebrate your hard-earned success with family, friends, mentors, and peers. Recognize the dedication and perseverance that brought you to this point in your academic journey.

Planning for the Future: As you complete your doctoral journey, look ahead to the next steps in your academic or professional career. Whether you're pursuing further research, entering academia, or joining the workforce, your doctoral degree opens doors to new opportunities and responsibilities.

The post-defense steps are the final leg of your doctoral journey. They represent the culmination of your years of hard work and dedication. By approaching this phase with attention to detail, a commitment to excellence, and a focus on your future goals, you'll smoothly transition from the defense room to the next exciting chapter of your academic or professional life.

Navigating the dissertation timeline, from the initial proposal to a successful defense, is a remarkable journey that showcases your scholarly prowess. While the path may be challenging, it is also incredibly rewarding. By approaching each stage with diligence, seeking guidance, and maintaining a steady focus, you can navigate this academic odyssey with confidence and emerge with a dissertation that contributes meaningfully to your field of study.

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Dissertation Defense | Strategies & Tips

Introduction

The doctoral program, the dissertation stage, what is a dissertation defense, what is the structure of a dissertation defense, preparation for your dissertation defense, what happens after you defend your dissertation.

The dissertation is the centerpiece of a graduate student's career at the doctoral level. It is a demonstration of a doctoral student's ability to conduct and present research with the skills necessary to contribute to scientific knowledge. As a result, the dissertation defense (sometimes called a thesis defense in non-American contexts) is the main opportunity for doctoral students to demonstrate they can contribute to scholarly discussion.

Many graduate students think of the dissertation defense as a final examination or a job interview. It is often a key final step to complete the doctoral degree.

Graduate studies are the venue in which students build expertise in a particular field and focus area. There are different kinds of graduate degrees, but what separates the doctoral journey from all others at this level is one's ability to generate or discover new knowledge through research. Mastery of trivia or encyclopedic knowledge is far less important to doctoral studies than a systematic organization of that knowledge through established research methodologies .

Requirements for a doctoral degree will vary depending on the institution and the program and may include coursework, comprehensive examinations, research experience, and an established record of research publication . In most cases, however, graduate students complete a doctoral degree when they successfully defend their dissertation.

The culmination of a doctoral program is the graduate student's demonstration of their abilities to conduct and present research in academic work. Not only must students show their understanding of theories, methods, and argumentation necessary for contributing to scientific knowledge, they must also navigate the intricacies inherent to academic institutions in a way that shows that they can cohesively work with and engage scholars.

The dissertation represents this understanding and mastery of skills necessary to work in established academic contexts. The research in a dissertation is deemed credible and worthy of being considered scientific knowledge when a university approves it and adds it to its repository, which is made available to all of its members so they can, in turn, conduct research and generate knowledge. However, this approval comes after a lengthy process that involves assembling members of the academic community together to review and develop research.

To be sure, the main objective of dissertation research is to present new knowledge, but the manner in which students conduct that research should also illustrate their understanding of how to generate insights rigorously, ethically, and in collaboration with others. As a result, doctoral programs, while varying with each other on some level, share a number of core characteristics outlining a long-established process of facilitating dissertation research.

Dissertation committee

A dissertation requires an audience of knowledgeable academic scholars who can comment on and critique the research. A committee made up of faculty members internal or external to the student's university fulfills this role by guiding the research, providing feedback, and asking questions about the resulting dissertation. Is the research that the student has produced "state of the art"? Does it meet reasonable standards of research rigor and transparency? Will the research make a valuable contribution to future academic discussions or practical developments outside of the academy?

It's the job of dissertation committee members to help develop and critique the research. Through this process, graduate students can refine their research design and attain guidance on key theories and methodologies . In turn, committee members gain insight from fresh perspectives on the graduate student's research.

The main committee member is your dissertation chair, which might be your supervisor or a committee member who is most knowledgeable about the research you want to conduct for your dissertation. Beyond that, a good committee member is an established scholar who can provide useful insight about the research context, the issues or theories currently being discussed within the research context, and the methods used to further develop those theories.

Oftentimes, students rely on a faculty member whose classes they have taken to serve as committee members. Students might also identify potential external committee members in academic conferences or by asking for recommendations from their professors.

Dissertation proposal

Designing a robust and rigorous study often requires discussion among colleagues within academia so that research methods can be refined before all the data is collected and analyzed.

The proposal stage gives doctoral students a chance to gather preliminary feedback on their prospective research as well as an opportunity to practice their ability to defend their expertise in their chosen field and focus area. At the dissertation level, this aspect of an academic career is represented by the proposal.

The dissertation committee approves the study design as an indication that the dissertation research has potential. Think of the writing and presentation of the dissertation proposal as a practice run for the eventual defense, while the substance of the proposal, in many cases, becomes part of the final dissertation as it details the underlying theories and methodology for the study.

Dissertation research

While the proposal lays out the research design , the study itself is where you will collect and analyze all the data necessary for the findings and discussion sections of your dissertation. Needless to say, the theoretical developments and actionable insights will come from this part of the dissertation process.

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The oral defense of your dissertation synthesizes every step of the research process you have undertaken for your research project. It's best to look at it like an opportunity to show off your expertise about the research in your field and, more importantly, your methodological process for developing your original research.

What is the role of a defense?

The defense is the main forum in which you share your research with the larger academic community. Some think of it like a job interview or a test where the committee members assess the worthiness of the research and the student who conducted it. Others consider a defense to be more of a coming out party, a critical event where the student is elevated from a novice scholar to an established expert in their chosen research field.

However it is interpreted, the dissertation defense is a critical event in a graduate student's career. In a successful defense, the doctoral candidate is no longer a newcomer but a scholar who understands the intricacies of academic research and can contribute to it in a substantive manner.

Is a dissertation defense just a formality?

If you are well-prepared and your research is robust and rigorous, you should have no problems passing your oral defense. That said, it is by no means "just" a formality. A graduate student who wants to demonstrate expertise should be prepared enough to anticipate and answer questions from the committee that might otherwise stump or confuse a layperson.

While defenses will differ depending by program and institution, there are a couple of common elements.

First, the doctoral candidate presents their research in a short presentation or lecture. While your committee is already familiar with your research, many defenses are open to the entire academic community who may be interested in your field but may not have the necessary context to understand your research. As a result, this presentation is vital to providing the fundamental knowledge necessary for later discussion.

That discussion, mainly moderated by your dissertation chair and involving all committee members, serves as the central portion of the defense. Committee members will direct questions to you to interrogate your research, but they will also discuss the research amongst themselves to build their own understanding of the key theories and insights.

In some programs, the audience will also have an opportunity to pose questions to the candidate toward the end of the defense. The dissertation committee wants to know if you can engage with outsiders who are less familiar with your research field. This part of the defense is a test of your ability to share scientific knowledge with the greater academic community.

When you get to this stage of the process, most of the preparation for your defense is already complete. That said, the defense is its own event as it is the sole opportunity for the dissertation committee to determine if your research is state of the art and advances scientific knowledge.

In many cases, a dissertation defense can last about two hours and typically follows a set order. It's important to know how to prepare for each part of a defense.

Preparing your dissertation

At this point, the dissertation should be as close to polished as you can make it, but keep in mind you may still receive substantive feedback from your committee members. With the exception of your dissertation chair, members of your committee likely will not deeply engage your research until the oral defense itself. Even so, you still need to present as complete a study as possible during your defense. The key to preparation is to be able to demonstrate a working knowledge of every step of the research process, from research design to how you contribute novel and interesting insights to your field. Successfully defending a dissertation means having a thorough understanding of every major aspect of your study and the surrounding scholarship.

Presenting your dissertation

The dissertation defense typically begins with the student presenting themselves and their research. In many cases, this presentation is similar to those found at conferences or workshops, where the presenter needs to demonstrate that they can showcase their research in a succinct and accessible manner. After all, the audience at a defense will often include members of the academic community who may have a general interest in the research but not a deep familiarity with the specifics of the research.

The presentation itself should be detailed enough to lay out the most important points of the research but within a reasonable amount of time. This presentation lays the groundwork for the ensuing discussion with the rest of the academic community. The dissertation committee or program will often prescribe a set time limit for this presentation; it would be a mistake not to consider this time limit when making your presentation. An overly lengthy presentation or a presenter who meanders with no clear direction will be less persuasive and will not garner the interest of the audience. More importantly, successful time management during the presentation leaves more time for your committee to more thoroughly engage with the research through questions and answers.

Fielding questions asked

Dissertation defense questions make up the primary part of the discussion. This is the main opportunity for members of your committee to point out the novel aspects of your research as well as critique any weak points that should be addressed in revisions to your dissertation.

Ultimately, a successful defense will result in lively discussion among dissertation committee members. A dissertation committee will often look highly on research that engages their thinking and expertise, meaning that novel insights will prove incredibly valuable to a defense.

You may get a question from a committee member to which you may not readily have an answer. After all, it's impossible to anticipate every possible question posed within two hours of scholarly discussion. In the case where a question is truly outside of your knowledge, it's important to acknowledge this and at least explain your thinking about how you would address the question to get a meaningful answer. In other words, it's not always about giving the "correct" answer to all questions asked but demonstrating your ability to reflect and engage in scholarly discussion around your research.

Keep in mind that the defense itself is not the end of the doctoral journey. More often than not, the dissertation committee will accept the dissertation on the condition that revisions will be made based on the committee members' feedback. Even the most successful defense will likely require the doctoral student to make revisions to their dissertation.

In many cases, revisions to the dissertation can be more challenging than the dissertation defense itself. Up until this point, your advisor or dissertation chair was likely the main source of feedback on your dissertation research. After your defense, you will have gained a great deal of rich feedback that you can constructively build on to further hone your dissertation as you move forward in publishing and sharing your research.

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Preparing for a Successful Dissertation Defense

Everything you need to know about dissertation defense is right here: ten basic defense techniques to be ready for your academic career.

Defending your thesis is the final stretch, the finish line, and it must be handled seriously. All experiments, results analysis, and heaps of literature research lead to how well you understand your research. 

Rest assured that you are not alone if you are tormented by questions as your defense approaches. Every dissertation defense is unique, but there are strategies to prepare for this critical and significant occasion.

This article will act as a guideline with helpful tips for navigating the crucial dissertation defense phase.

What Is A Dissertation Defense?

A dissertation defense, also known as a thesis defense, is an oral presentation and discussion of a research study. The goal is to present the findings, demonstrating to the committee and the academic community that the researcher completed the work with high enough quality to be awarded a doctorate and that the researcher is capable of speaking about it without hesitation, fully understanding the work, and answering any potential questions.

It’s worth mentioning that the first step is to get the dissertation document accepted, since dissertation chairs won’t let candidates schedule defenses unless the dissertation document’s quality is completely acceptable. The purpose is to see if the researcher is prepared to defend their work.

Timing And Format

• Dissertation defenses typically require two hours of private oral examination. Depending on the institution, they may seek an additional hour for a public seminar.
• The title, as well as the written document, should be provided to the committee early on. Check the institution’s deadlines ahead of time to be prepared.
• The format might also vary depending on the institution, however, you must be prepared for an external audience as an open-to-the-public defense.

Committee Members: How To Choose And What Are The Expectations?

To align expectations, understand that the dissertation committee should support you through the process of planning, writing, and revising your dissertation; they should act as mentors, providing helpful advice and recommending modification ideas. Choose your committee carefully, it is one of the most important steps for a successful dissertation.

Avoid famous and prominent members; instead, choose someone you know well and can reach whenever you need to; and, last, choose someone you know you can learn from. 

Tips for Preparing for a Dissertation Defense

1. prepare and practice.

Before you submit your dissertation document to the committee and in between the delivery and defense event, use every time to practice and prepare yourself to defend your dissertation.

2. Know Your Weakness

Get to know your anxiety tendencies and prepare yourself around them. If you tend to talk at a quicker tempo than usual giving public speeches, you can practice a calmer rhythm. Prepare your speech and time it; this will assist you in understanding how long it should take.

3. Attend Different Presentations

Go see other dissertation defenses to help you take it more smoothly, discover tactics and how other researchers perform their speeches, and grasp the value of a dissertation defense for the community.

4. Give Yourself Enough Time To Prepare Slides

Spend some additional time crafting the perfect dissertation slides. Check that you have the right information on your slides and that your assumptions are correct to create a logical flow for your presentation. Try to start working on it as soon as you send the written document.

5. Breathing Techniques

Breathing is closely tied to oratory skills. Successful public speakers know how to regulate their breath. Try learning some breathing techniques, including long and steady breaths. 

6. Focus On A Good Introduction

It’s critical to make a strong first impression, so make sure your introduction focuses on the most important key points and that it piques your audience’s curiosity to learn more about your work.

7. Avoid Unnecessary Topics

Personal exposition should be avoided. Remember to concentrate on your work, on providing excellent research, and let go of comments implying that you worked too hard for this or that you didn’t sleep for days. Maintain a professional and clear demeanor.

8. Make Your Questions

You’ll recognize the loose ends after refining your defense multiple times. As a result, create a list of questions that come to mind when rehearsing your defense. Tip number three will also come in handy here.

9. Maintain Your Cool

You will be asked questions that you have prepared for as well as unexpected ones; this is absolutely normal, and it is quite acceptable if you don’t know the answers to all of them, since you may have opportunities for future research. While commanding your defense, maintain your cool and be confident. 

When there’s something so important on your agenda, it’s easier said than done, but you’ll be much more prepared if you get enough rest. This will make you look better, but it will also assist you in remaining focused and comfortable during your defense.

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Jessica Abbadia is a lawyer that has been working in Digital Marketing since 2020, improving organic performance for apps and websites in various regions through ASO and SEO. Currently developing scientific and intellectual knowledge for the community's benefit. Jessica is an animal rights activist who enjoys reading and drinking strong coffee.

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Dissertation Defense: Steps To Follow To Succeed

A dissertation defense is arguably one of the most important milestones in every student’s career. While it signals that your tenure as a student is soon about to close, it validates all your efforts towards your thesis.

Being cautious about including all the necessary details is very important to successfully complete your dissertation proposal defense. This article tells you everything that you need to know about writing a defense that can add great credibility to you as a student.

What is A Dissertation Defense?

The first thing that you need to learn is what is a dissertation defense and what is its purpose. In simple terms, it is a presentation made by a student to defend all the ideas and views that are presented in a dissertation.

The presenter must include details like what is the reason for choosing specific research methods, the theory that has been selected for the paper, and other such points. This presentation is made before an audience that comprises of the university committee, professors and even fellow-students. It is met with questions and answers that gives the student an opportunity to provide more clarity on the dissertation in order to convince the committee to approve it.

Stages of a Dissertation Defense

One of the most important dissertation defense tips provided by several professors is to breakdown the process into three steps:

• Preparation : This stage involves collection of all the necessary information that must be included in the defense dissertation and making all the arrangements for the actual meeting.
• The defense meeting : This is where you decide how you will present the defense. The actual meeting is hugely reliant on the performance, body language and the confidence in your oral defense.
• After the defense meeting : This stage, also known as the follow up, requires you to make the necessary revisions suggested by the university committee. You can even provide bound copies of the whole dissertation to distribute among different members of your departments. In the follow up stage, one must also think about expense that are related to publishing the Ph.D. dissertation defense as well as printing additional copies of the manuscript, if required.

How Long is a Dissertation Defense?

The first thing that a student should know is how long does a dissertation defense last? The length has to be carefully calculated to make the impact that you want. One of the most important steps in the dissertation preparation is to understand how much time each department allocates to the closing oral defense. When you plan in the early stages of your dissertation itself, you can write it in a manner that allows you to defend it in the allocated time.

Usually these meetings including the presentation, the oral defense and the question and answer session last for about two hours. In most cases, these two hours also encompass the time needed by members of the committee to deliberate.

How to Prepare for the Dissertation Defense

Now that you know how long is a dissertation defense, the next step is to prepare well enough to make your presentation impressive.

Here are some tips on how to prepare for a dissertation defense:

• Watch other students in action to learn about different presentation styles. You can attend defenses of different colleagues in your department as well as other departments in your university.
• Get all the details about the deadlines and the rules of your college or university about scheduling your defense.
• Scheduling is also a very important part of your preparation. It is important to note that members of the committee and University chairs need to make time for these defences in a very packed schedule. Coordinate the date, venue and time of your defense as early as possible.
• Prepare a manuscript adhering to the necessary formatting rules. Review your manuscript thoroughly before you hand it in. During your PH.D, your faculty will also assist you with the defense. For this, they must have a crisp and polished copy of your manuscript.
• Most colleges have the facility for a pre-defense meeting. This is the best opportunity to sort out any concerns that you may have about the actual meeting. It is a good idea to ask the chairs what types of questions may be put forward and if there are any problems with the defense that need to be resolved. When you prepare for a pre-defense meeting, think of it as the final one and give it your all.
• Put together all the material that you need for the defense. A detailed, yet to-the-point presentation must be prepared.
• The final stage of preparation is practicing your presentation over and over again. It is not just the presentation but also the approach towards the questions that you must practice.

Tips To Nail Your Actual Meeting

With these tips you will be one step closer towards a successful defense that will help your dissertation pass and be approved:

• All meetings should begin by addressing the chair. Make sure you thank all the committee members and the advisors for the efforts that they have put it. This gives you a professional start to the presentation.
• The presentation should cover the following subjects in brief:
• The research topic
• Literature review
• The methods used for analysis
• The primary findings of the research
• Recommendations of additional research on the subject in the focus.
• Do not get rattled by any discussions among the chairs. They will deliberate on any disagreements or topics of interest. This is a part of the process and is not a reflection of the presentation itself.
• There are two questions that are commonly asked that you should be prepared for. This includes the weaknesses of the dissertation and the research plans that you have made post-dissertation.
• Use subtle gestures when you are talking. Do not overuse your hands when doing so. The whole meeting including the question and answer session should have a very formal appeal.
• The tone of your voice must be assertive without making it seem like you are trying to hard. Be clear and enunciate when you speak.

Once the questions have been answered, the committee will leave the room. Then, after the deliberation, you will be informed if your dissertation has passed or not.

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Dissertation timeline, developing a realistic timeline.

Upon confirmation of a Dissertation Chair and successful completion of the Comprehensive Assessment defense, development of a realistic timeline for completing the tasks that culminate in a successful Dissertation should be established between the candidate and the faculty member Chair. Components of this process include (all steps in consultation with the Chair):

• Preparation of the Prospectus  
• Prospectus defense  
• Preparation of the Proposal  
• Proposal defense  
• IRB application  
• Data collection (upon IRB approval)  
• Data analysis  
• Submission of the complete manuscript to the Chair  
• Preparation for the Pre-Defense  
• Pre-Defense  
• Preparation for the final defense  
• Final Defense  
• Completing revisions and preparing the manuscript for formatting review  
• Submission of the manuscript to the Graduate School via the university's digital repository  
• Completing final formatting revisions  
• Preparation for graduation

Anticipated dates will likely need to be revised along the way. The candidate must maintain a realistic schedule that allows sufficient time for each step in the process, including the project Chair’s reading of, and feedback on, drafts of the Prospectus, Proposal, and final manuscript. Sufficient time must be allotted for the committee members’ reading of those documents as well. Candidates and Chairs should recognize that each committee member may need  up to   14 days  to review each draft of the manuscript. During the break between semesters, committee members are responsible for syllabi preparation, course construction, and comprehensive assessment and other defenses, therefore, the customary 14-day time frame for reviewing dissertation drafts does not apply during the intersession. Committee members will return to the standard 14-day review guidelines on the first day of the semester. These factors should be considered when scheduling committee meetings and the final defense.

Minimum Degree Credit Hours 

The Learning and Leadership doctoral degree requires a minimum of  66 total graduate credit hours (Ed.D.) / 75 total graduate credit hours (Ph.D.).   Each candidate is required to successfully complete  a minimum of 12 Dissertation credit hours (Ed.D.) / 15 Dissertation credit hours (Ph.D.)  and defend the Dissertation. Candidates who do not complete the Dissertation hours within the 12 credit hour timeframe (Ed.D.) or 15 credit hour time frame (Ph.D.) must take an additional 2 Dissertation credit hours each semester through graduation. The candidate must be enrolled in a minimum of 2 Dissertation credits (LEAD 7999) during the semester in which the Final Dissertation Defense is held.  

Graduation Deadlines  

It is also the responsibility of the Chair and candidate to consider deadlines for particular graduation dates. University graduation deadlines are published on the Graduate School website (links:  Thesis and Dissertation ). Since deadlines may change from one year to the next, candidates are advised to refer to the current deadlines when approaching the final stages of the Dissertation process. Candidates and Chairs should also consider program minimum review requirements when considering a potential graduation semester.  F or doctoral candidates, the graduation application should not be completed until the Pre-Defense stage of the dissertation process is approved  (link:  Pre-Defense Process ).

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Top things to do while preparing for your dissertation defense

You’ve written the defining work of your academic career – and now it’s time to defend it. The prospect of explaining your research and answering questions about it in front of a committee of experts can certainly be daunting. Fortunately, you know the subject matter deeply, so success is mostly a matter of presentation and preparation.

With that in mind, here are eight of the top things to do when preparing for your dissertation defense – from the beginning of your program to the day of your defense.

Attend other people’s defenses: Within the first year or two of your program, start attending the dissertation defenses of other students. [i] This will help you better understand what to expect.

Read your department’s guidelines: Every department has slightly different guidelines for the timeline and preparation of a thesis defense. Read yours early and often, and discuss them with your advisor.

Start your dissertation: This should take between three and four months to write, and you’ll want to submit a completed draft a month before your defense. This means you should start writing your thesis at least five months ahead of time.

Schedule your defense: You should coordinate the date, time and place of your defense as soon as possible, long before your dissertation is completed. [ii]

Submit dissertation and any required paperwork: About a month before your defense, you should submit the final draft of your dissertation for faculty to read. [iii] Your committee members will need time to fully read it and come up with questions.

Research committee members: Talk to other people whose committees they’ve served on, and ask what types of questions they tend to ask, and what their experiences were like. [iv] Read members’ feedback to get an idea of possible questions.

Attend a pre-defense meeting: At the meeting, raise any issues or concerns you have, and ask what questions and issues might be raised during the defense. [v]

Prepare your presentation: Prepare a 15-30 minute PowerPoint presentation, and make it as polished and professional as possible. [vi] Practice giving the presentation, including to friends and family if possible.

Select comfortable, professional clothes: Select your outfit – including accessories – a couple of weeks in advance. You don’t want to worry about what to wear the day before your presentation.

Organize a small reception: If it’s considered appropriate in your department, organize a small celebration following your defense for committee members, friends and family. [vii]

Take a break for a few days: You’re an expert, and you’re prepared. Psychologists believe taking a short break can enhance memory, creativity and problem solving. [viii]

Review everything one last time: The day before your defense, go through your information one last time, and practice your presentation again.

Defend, and amend: Remember, you are an expert presenting your research findings. You likely know more about your topic at this point than the committee members. Do your requested revisions the next day. [ix]

[i] http://www.proquest.com/researchers/graduate-student/expert-advice-thesisdissertation/Defending-your-Dissertation.html

[ii] http://www.proquest.com/researchers/graduate-student/expert-advice-thesisdissertation/Defending-your-Dissertation.html

[iii] http://asq.org/edu/2010/01/career-development/preparing-for-the-oral-defense-of-a-dissertation.pdf

[iv] https://graduate.asu.edu/sites/default/files/dissertation-defense.pdf

[v] http://www.proquest.com/researchers/graduate-student/expert-advice-thesisdissertation/Defending-your-Dissertation.html

[vi] https://graduate.asu.edu/sites/default/files/dissertation-defense.pdf

[vii] http://www.proquest.com/researchers/graduate-student/expert-advice-thesisdissertation/Defending-your-Dissertation.html

[viii] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3990058/

[ix] https://graduate.asu.edu/sites/default/files/dissertation-defense.pdf

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Dissertation Timeline

Actual time to complete varies by discipline and departmental requirements.

Verify your committee has been approved by reviewing your unofficial transcript through Wolverine Access six months prior to Group Pre-Defense.

Review Rackham Format Guidelines in The Dissertation Handbook and the Dissertation Formatting Checklist . Visit the U-M Library’s Guide to Microsoft Word for Dissertations , for answers to questions about formatting your dissertations and to download templates.

If you have supplemental materials (such as data) that should also be made publicly available and associated with your dissertation, consider reaching out to [email protected] for help determining whether these should be deposited into one of the Deep Blue repositories.

Register for the required pre-defense review with Rackham at least three weeks before the Oral Defense.

Complete pre-defense review with Rackham at least 10 working days prior to the oral defense.

Distribute the dissertation and abstract to committee members at least 10 working days prior to the Oral Defense.

Apply for graduation for your doctoral degree through Wolverine Access .

Complete the required online Survey of Earned Doctorates .

View Wolverine Access three days prior to the oral defense to confirm that Dissertation Evaluations have been received from all committee members. Follow up with committee members as needed.

Print Oral Report form from web after receiving email that it is ready to print, and take to Oral Defense.

Oral Defense of Dissertation

Verify with Chair that they have submitted the Final Oral Examination Report to Rackham OARD.

Complete any changes, corrections, or revisions to your dissertation as required by your committee Chair or Co-Chair.

Verify that Chair or Co-Chair has submitted the Certificate of Dissertation Committee Approval through the Rackham online system.

Arrange for a post-defense submission with Rackham OARD, referencing the Doctoral Degree Deadlines .

Complete online submission of the final dissertation (PDF) and abstract (text). Note that revisions and re-submission may be required. Once Rackham OARD has approved the submission, no changes or corrections may be made to the dissertation. Follow up with any additional outstanding requirements. All requirements must be submitted and approved by Rackham no later than 5:00 p.m. on the deadline day.

Graduate Degree Completed

Graduate Degree Conferred

Contact Academic Records and Dissertations

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How to Prepare for Your Dissertation Defense

December 14, 2021

If you’re in a doctoral program, there’s no doubt you are dreaming of the day where you’ll be announced as “doctor” for the first time. However, it’s a long road to get there with many steps along the way, the biggest of which is the defense of your dissertation.

The dissertation defense is often shrouded in mystery. I equate it to the scene in “The Wizard of Oz” with the mysterious man behind the green curtain. But it doesn’t have to be. I’m pulling back the curtain with tips on how to prepare for your dissertation defense.

Attend a Defense

American College of Education allows you to attend the defenses of your colleagues remotely. This gives you the unique opportunity to see the defense process and understand what to expect. Take it one step further by attending a defense where your dissertation chair is involved so you get a sense of what they’re looking for in the process. I recommend reaching out to your chair ahead of time, as they can even help find a defense that’s a good fit for you to observe.

To find a list of upcoming defenses, go to the Dissertation Calendar in Student Commons. Remember, of course, to be a respectful audience member when attending a defense. While they are open to viewing, it’s still an intimate process solely belonging to the doctoral candidate.

Know the Rituals

The oral defense is similar to a wedding in that there is prescribed way in which events take place. Fortunately, ACE provides doctoral candidates with a detailed dissertation template that you’ll work through with your chair to fine tune your presentation. You’ll likely find yourself with a dissertation of over 100 pages that you’re trying to summarize in a short period of time. Work closely with your course instructor and chair to make sure you’ve addressed everything the dissertation committee is looking for in the presentation. If available, use an oral dissertation rubric as your checklist and guide to ensure you’ve answered the demands of the defense.

Create a Timeline

You have a specific time limit for your dissertation defense. Create a timeline for your presentation. Schedule out every single key point of your dissertation to ensure it’s included. Then, to make sure you adhere to your timeline, practice, practice, practice.

Be the Expert

Remember, you are now the expert on this topic. This is your research and your findings. The committee is not there to dispute your findings. They are there to engage you in scholarly conversation about what you’ve found and celebrate this momentous occasion in your academic career with you.

When you get to your dissertation defense, you’ll have been through a lot with your committee members and chair. It will be the first opportunity for your whole team to celebrate your accomplishment and contribution to your field. Revel in the hard work it took to get to this moment and enjoy it!

American College of Education provides personalized support to doctoral candidates, from the first day of your program to the last minute of your dissertation defense. Explore our fully online doctoral programs .

Amy has a strong passion for educating all learners and has over 12 years of experience in special education. She works on her family's dairy farm and is currently a doctoral candidate.

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• Dissertation Defense & Graduation

Updated February 2024

PhD students are required to present a dissertation defense in the form of a two-hour colloquium that, by order of the Graduate Council, is open to the public. The final recommendation for awarding of the PhD degree is to be decided by the student's Doctoral Committee in a private caucus at the end of the defense, and the final approval is confirmed by GEPA once all fillings and requirements have been met.

For instructions on formatting the dissertation and preparing the signature page, students should refer to the  Preparation and Submission Manual for Doctoral Dissertations and Masters' Theses , available from GEPA: Dissertation & Thesis Manual (ucsd.edu) . GEPA holds workshops intended to help students file their dissertations electronically. Information regarding the workshops will be emailed to students.

For withdrawn students returning to defend or current students wanting to pay a filing fee in lieu of registering in the quarter of their defense, refer to the specific details and requirements in the "Occassional Circumstances" section below.

Process & Timeline

To be completed at least four weeks before the defense: .

• Complete & distribute the dissertation : Students should complete their dissertation and provide copies of the finished dissertation to the members of their Doctoral Committee (at least four weeks before the scheduled dissertation defense).
• Final Document Review : The student will confirm their final document review date, so the staff at GEPA can add them to their calendar. The final document review must be scheduled  at least 2 days after  the scheduled dissertation defense, and it must take place by the Friday of Finals Week of the graduating quarter. The student submits all required paperwork, as outlined at the Preliminary Appointment by the final document review date. The department will aim to send the "Report of the Final Examination and Filing of the Dissertation" to GEPA by this date as well, but this will automatically happen once all committee members  and  the Director of Doctoral Studies or Department Chair signs the form via DocuSign. Final approval and acceptance of the thesis by the Dean of the GEPA (on behalf of the University Archivist and Graduate Council) represents the final step in the completion of all requirements for the PhD degree.  
• The Graduate Coordinator will reserve a room in the department for the defense (if it will be held in person) and post the mandatory announcement flyer on the website ( Dissertation Defenses & Qualifying Exams ).
• NOTE : Changes to the committee may be required because of updates to individual faculty statuses. The Doctoral Committee makeup may have met all the requirements at the time of the initial constitution, but may no longer meet the requirements later in the program. In these instances, the committee must be reconstituted, as the Doctoral Committee must meet all requirements for a valid committee at the time of the dissertation defense.

Reconstitutions are completely routine, and students may reconstitute their committee as many times as needed.

• Attend the preliminary appointment with GEPA : Students should ensure that they get all their questions answered and leave with a complete understanding of the documents that will need to be submitted/filed at or before the final document review scheduled with GEPA.  

To be completed at and immediately following the defense: 

• Dissertation Defense : The student will hold the dissertation defense with their Doctoral Committee. The Doctoral Committee will deliberate and sign the appropriate paperwork, if they approve of the dissertation.
• File the dissertation (electronically) : Students will file the PDF online, and the dissertation will meet all standards and requirements outlined in the “Preparation and Submission Manual for Doctoral Dissertations and Masters’ Theses” (as mentioned above). Details of the electronic doctoral dissertation filing are also included in the “Preparation and Submission Manual for Doctoral Dissertations and Masters’ Theses”.
• Students can access the SED survey at https://sed-ncses.org/.
• Students will be emailed a link to the UCSD survey after their preliminary appointment with GEPA.
• Final Document Review & Filing : Before the end of the quarter, the student will submit all required paperwork to GEPA.

Doctoral Committee Defense Participation/Format

For the Dissertation Defense, all members of the student’s Doctoral Committee must participate in accordance with campus policy. 

The preferred means to conduct the dissertation defense is when the student and all members of the committee are physically present in the same room. The Department of Literature has determined, however, that defenses may be conducted in one of three formats:

• In-person, with all members physically present;
• Hybrid, with no more than two members participating by live video teleconference, the others being in-person; or
• Remote, with all members participating via live video teleconference. It is expected that all committee members participating via video teleconference will do so synchronously. 

NOTE :  Regardless of format, in the event that a committee member is unable to attend the scheduled defense (excepting the chair or co-chairs, who must attend the scheduled defense), it is permissible for the member a), to prepare material in advance, submitting it to the committee chair or co-chairs for inclusion during the defense, or b), to examine the student on a separate date (prior to the sheduled defense). In either case, the committee member will still need to sign the DocuSign Final Report Form on the day of the scheduled defense. The paperwork routing will not move forward until all committee members have signed.

If an emergency arises resulting in more than one committee member being unable to attend the defense, the committee chair or co-chairs may use their discretion regarding how to proceed. There must be sufficient expertise among present members to examine the student.

The format of the defense (in-person, hybrid, or remote) will be determined by the student and committee chair(s) in conference with committee members. It is the student’s responsibility to work with their committee to schedule the defense and meet the above requirements. 

Dissertation Defense Paperwork

There are a number of documents that students will need to submit to GEPA for the final document review process, in order to complete the dissertation filing process and be awarded their PhD. Most of the documents will be entirely the student’s responsibility to create and submit, but one primary form will be created by the department and submitted to GEPA via DocuSign.

Student’s Responsibility:

• Electronically file the final dissertation
• “Dissertation/Thesis Release Form” (or “Embargo Form”), signed by the Committee Chair or Co-Chairs at the defense
• Completion certificate for the “Survey of Earned Doctorates”
• Final confirmation page for the “UCSD Survey of Doctoral Degree Recipients”
• Any other documents that GEPA mentions at the preliminary appointment

Department’s Responsibility:

• “Report of the Final Examination and Filing of the Dissertation”, prepared by the department and signed by all Doctoral Committee members at the defense, attesting that the student has passed the defense and that the student has completed all requirements for the degree. Once the full committee has signed, the form is routed to the Director of Doctoral Studies or Department Chair for endorsement, and then on to GEPA for review and processing. The Final Report Form will be routed via DocuSign, and the student will receive a copy of the form (for reference) once it has been routed to GEPA.

Occasional Circumstances

Withdrawn students returning to defend.

Whether students proactively withdrew or the department automatically withdrew them based on the student going inactive (not enrolling) for a quarter without an approved leave, they may request to return to solely defend and file their dissertation once completed. Students should begin by contacting the Graduate Coordinator ( [email protected] ) to inform them of their intension. The Graduate Coordinator will review the students previous academic record to determine the additional steps that the student will need to complete (in addition to all the standard steps outlined in the "Process & Timeline" section above). For instance,

• If it has been move than five years since the student originally passed their qualifying exams and advanced to candidacy, they will need to re-advance to candidacy. The details of this process will be coordinated by the department and the student’s Doctoral Committee, and the actual tasks the student must complete will vary. Assuming the Doctoral Committee approves of the re-advancement, the department will route a DocuSign "Final Report of the Qualifying Exam and Advancement to Candidacy" to the committee on the date of the defense. It will be signed and processed along with the "Report of the Final Examination and Filing of the Dissertation". Campus may assess an additional advancement fee, which will need to be paid by the student after the defense.
• If the student's Doctoral Committee is no longer valid, due to changes in faculty statuses or titles, the student will need to reconstitute their committee (see the "Process & Timeline" section above). If any new faculty are added to the committee, they may ask for additional time to review the dissertation prior to the defense.
• Even though the student won't be enrolling in courses in the quarter of their defense, they will stil need to have an active student status in order to defend and graduate. For withdrawn students whose dissertation defense is unanimously approved, this is accomplished by re-admitting the student (on paper) and then processing the degree conferral. The department will note this necessity on the standard "Report of the Final Examination and Filing of the Dissertation". Campus will assess an additional re-admission fee, which will need to be paid by the student after the defense.
• The student will automatically also be paying the filing fee in lieu of registration. The department will note this necessity on the standard "Report of the Final Examination and Filing of the Dissertation". Campus will assess the additional fee, which will need to be paid by the student after the defense.
• Note : Students can confirm the current cost of each of these fees with GEPA at their preliminary appointment.

Paying a Filing Fee in Lieu of Registration

If a student was actively enrolled full-time in the preceding quarter, they may opt to pay a filing fee in lieu of registering in the quarter of their defense. This can be beneficial for students who don't have financial support covering their tuition/fee costs for the quarter (as the filing fee is significantly less expensive than the full cost of tuition/fees). The student will still need to complete all standard steps (as outlined in the "Process & Timeline" section above). If a student wasn't actively enrolled in the preceding quarter, they will need to follow the full "Withdrawn Students Returning to Defend" process above, which will include additional steps and fees. For student who just need the filing fee in lieu of registration:

• When students submit their "Ph.D. Defense of Dissertation Schedule Request" (see the "Process & Timeline" section above), the department will check to confirm if the student is enrolled for the quarter. If not, the department will automatically initiate the filing fee in lieu of registration process.
• The department will note this necessity on the standard "Report of the Final Examination and Filing of the Dissertation". Campus will assess the additional fee, which will need to be paid by the student after the defense.
• Note : Students can confirm the current cost of the filing fee in lieu of registration with GEPA at their preliminary appointment.
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Time Management Resources for Graduate Students and Postdocs

Dissertation plan

Completing your dissertation can be overwhelming and stressful. It is a critical period of time to manage time effectively and execute your well-thought-out plans. In this section, we aim to provide some checkpoints or milestones that help you to complete your dissertation in a timely manner:

• Find out the requirements and deadlines set by the department and graduate school. Having the end goal in mind will help you plan your way to get there.
• Have the initial meeting with your advisor to discuss the goals of your dissertation and set up an overall timeline. For example, determine when to have the defense, when to send the dissertation to committee, when to send out the schedule poll to committee, etc.
• Create an outline of the dissertation with sections and subsections for each chapter according to the initial discussion, and map out deadlines for each section.
• Meet with your advisor to discuss and finalize the outline and roadmap, including what kind of format (by chapters or the whole dissertation) your advisor expects, and how to maintain the line of communication (face-to-face or email) and how often you should communicate, so that you can get support and feedback along the way.
• Reach out to your committee members to let them know your dissertation plan and schedule the defense date. Ask if they are willing to provide feedback on your drafts.
• Incorporate the feedback comments and edit your dissertation for submission to your committee for defense.

*You can create a timeline table to help you visualize your plan.

Execution plan:.

• On your daily schedule, block off a couple of hours when you are most effective for your dissertation writing. Having this specific time block will help you prioritize and fit other tasks around your writing. Stick to the schedule and treat it as your appointment with your advisor or doctor.
• Limit the distraction during your blocked writing time in order to fully concentrate.
• Set a daily goal. For example, writing 2 pages each day on chapter 1 or finishing the method session on chapter 2, etc.
• Find a place that you find yourself most productive and efficient, and write there.
• Monitor your progress by calendars and project management apps.
• You are not alone. Find someone who is also writing their dissertation to be your writing buddy to help encourage one another and keep each other on track.
• Work/life balance (refer to the work/life balance )

https://www.stcloudstate.edu/elhe/_files/documents/dissertation/time-management-tips.pdf

https://sph.umd.edu/sites/default/files/files/StrategiesDissertationCompletion3_8_07.pdf

/images/cornell/logo35pt_cornell_white.svg" alt="dissertation defense timeline"> Cornell University --> Graduate School

Thesis & dissertation.

  Understanding Deadlines and Requirements

The final requirement in earning a graduate degree is the completion and defense of the master’s thesis or doctoral dissertation. Understanding the steps and associated deadlines in the thesis/dissertation submission and degree conferral process is necessary to establish a successful plan and realistic timeframe.

2024 Thesis/Dissertation Submission to the Graduate School Deadlines:

• For May 26, 2024 conferral, deadline is May 1.
• For August 31, 2024 conferral, deadline is August 1.
• December 31, 2024 conferral, deadline is December 1.

See our  Planning Timeline  for more detailed information.

  Writing Your Thesis/Dissertation

The Graduate School offers several writing resources to help you get started, meet your goals, and complete your thesis/dissertation on time. 

Before You Begin:

• Guide to Writing Your Thesis/Dissertation
• Fields Permitting the Use of Papers Option
• Required Sections, Guidelines, and Suggestions
• Formatting Requirements
• Fair Use, Copyright, Patent, and Publishing Options

Resources for Writing:

• Thesis & Dissertation Templates
• Writing from A to B

  Scheduling and Taking Your Final Exam

Once you have submitted your draft thesis/dissertation to your committee you are ready to defend. This involves scheduling and taking your final exam (“B” exam), an oral exam/dissertation defense for Ph.D. candidates, or (“M” exam), an oral exam/thesis defense for Master’s candidates.

• About Exams
• Defending Your Thesis or Dissertation
• Taking Exams

 Submitting Your Thesis/Dissertation

Policy requires the thesis/dissertation be submitted within 60 days of the final exam. The Graduate School uses a service called ProQuest to administer the electronic thesis/dissertation (ETD) submission and committee approval process. Once you have made any necessary revisions and the thesis/dissertation is final, you are ready to begin the approval and submission process.

Before initiating the submission process, students are required to complete an ORCID iD and complete the Survey of Earned Doctorates.

• Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID iD)
• Survey of Earned Doctorates 
• Thesis & Dissertation Submission Process
• Submission Fees
• Graduation Requirements 

Doctoral Dissertation Defense: William Kelson

Speaker bill kelson.

Bill Kelson will defend his doctoral dissertation, "Empire Unraveled: Research on the Chinese Financial Crisis of 1883 ", June 26. The major professor is Dr. Stephen Mihm. Members of the university community are invited to attend. Please contact the graduate program at [email protected] if you wish to attend by June 24.

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Current Students: Exams (revised 2010)

The comprehensive examination is made up of four parts: the core reading list major exam, a submission-ready article, an annotated bibliography, and an oral exam. The comprehensive examination process is intended to serve multiple purposes that mark the transition from coursework to the individualized research needed for the dissertation. In addition to providing this transition, it also provides a supportive environment in which students learn to write for publication. This page discusses the policies and procedures of the comprehensive exams; you can find additional information on the FAQ page.

Requirements

To qualify to take exams, students need to complete required course work, including at least 3 credits of 887 or independent study. All coursework should be complete by May of your second year.

Exam Timeline

All parts of the comprehensive exam should be completed within a year of finishing coursework and follow the timeline below:

Years 1 and 2: Study the texts on the exam reading list. Some will be covered in seminars and others you will read on your own. It’s always a good idea to establish a cohort study group early on.

Spring/Summer of Year 2: Arrange to work with your exam chair and, in consultation with them, compose your exams committee.

On or before August 7th at the end of the second year of study: You’ll receive the major exam questions and have two weeks (seven days for each of two exam responses) to complete the take-home exam

Fall of the third year of study: Ideally, the three remaining parts of the exams should be completed in the fall semester of your third year. The oral exam should ideally take place at the end of the fall semester so that you have the spring semester to work on the dissertation prospectus.

No later than May 15th before the end of the third year of study: If you don’t finish in the fall, then you should certainly plan to finish in the spring. In order to retain funding for the fourth year, your oral exam must be complete by this deadline. This means that your article and annotated bibliography must be completed, revised based on your chair's comments prior to their approval, and approved by your committee significantly earlier in order to meet the Grad School requirement of scheduling your oral exam at least two weeks out from the actual hearing date. It's important to work with your chair to develop a workable timeline for meeting these milestones and to take into account the fact that late spring is a very busy time for committee members.

Should an emergency or medical situation arise that means you need to alter your timeline, please contact the Director of Graduate Studies as soon as possible. They and the Graduate Studies Committee will work with you to address your situation.

Exam Committees

The Director of Graduate Studies (DGS) oversees the entire exam process.

The major exam is supervised by the Major Exam Committee, which is composed of CCR faculty members who have taught core seminars in the previous two years and is chaired by the DGS.   This committee develops the exam questions each year and assesses the exam answers.

The other parts of the exam are supervised by your exams chair, a reader, and an outside reader from the Major Exam committee. Your chair must be a tenure-stream CCR faculty member, as must at least one of your readers. Your chair will work closely with you on your submission-ready article/book chapter and your annotated bibliography, and they will also coordinate and chair your oral defense.

Part One: Core Reading List Major Exam

The major exam is based upon a broad sense of the historical and current issues framing the field of composition and rhetoric. The reading list consists of forty works. (Four articles/chapters are considered approximately equal to one book/work.) The reading list is developed by the faculty and is common to all students in the program. While portions of the list will be covered in core courses, it is also the responsibility of students to study the list on their own.

The major exam is conducted as a take-home exam, and questions will be distributed to the students on or before August 7 at the end of their second year of course work. The DGS and CCR Coordinator will schedule seven-day exam periods for each of the two exams for all second-year students. You will select two questions among four that the faculty develop and then write two 4000-6000-word take-home essays in response. The Major Exam Committee will assess the questions by the end of Orientation Week.

Once you pass this phase of the exam process, you’ll move on to the remaining parts of the exams. Students who do not pass the major exam are allowed one retake, which they must complete by January of the following year. Students who do not pass the second exam will no longer be considered enrolled in the program, though they will keep their assistantship/fellowship for the remainder of the academic year.

Part Two: Submission-Ready Journal Article or Submission-Ready Book Chapter

Working closely with your Exams Chair and a Reader, you will prepare an article that is suitable for publication as a journal article or book chapter. Typically, students revise a seminar paper or conference paper but under special circumstances, you may write an entirely new article. When you submit your draft to your chair (and eventually to your readers),   include a writer's memo that details which refereed journal the paper is intended for and that includes the journal's publication guidelines. If you are submitting a book chapter, you should attach the official call for papers (CFP). The submitted article or chapter must follow all the publication guidelines for the approved journal or CFP.

Part Three: Annotated Bibliography

Finally, you will complete an annotated bibliography that focuses on your proposed dissertation research area. This part of the exams provides the student with the opportunity to situate his or her own work within the discipline and serves as a segue into the dissertation. This document should begin with an introductory statement that situates the bibliography and explains why you included the works as well as how they speak to one another and to your larger project. The bibliography itself should present a comprehensive treatment of the research in your topic area and should function as an implicit argument for the relevance of the selected works. You should annotate twenty to twenty-five key works (four articles/essays equal one work) with short (one to two paragraph) annotations that detail and discuss the potential relevance of each entry to the future research project.

At least two faculty members, the chair and reader, should sign off on part two and three of the exam.

Within two weeks of your chair and reader signing off, you should schedule your oral exam. Talk with your chair about whether they or you will handle the scheduling. The oral exam, approximately two hours long, will cover the submission-ready article/book chapter and the annotated bibliography. It will be attended by your chair, reader, and one outside reader from the Major Exam Committee, all of whom will ask you questions about your work. You should prepare a brief introductory statement that will open the session and prepare to have an open, wide-ranging discussion with your committee about your work.

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Bearing Witness to the Israel-Gaza War (updated to 18 June 2024)

<documented updated on June 18, 2024> I, Lee Mordechai, a historian and an Israeli citizen, bear witness in this document, as events are unfolding, to the horrible situation in the Gaza Strip. I write my personal opinion out of a sense of double responsibility: as a citizen whose country is committing what I consider as grave crimes, and as an academic, who believes that after having dedicated my career so far to research and teaching others I am obliged to speak up against injustice, especially when it is so close. I write also because of the disappointing general silence on this issue among many international and Israeli academic institutions, especially those that are well-positioned to comment on it. The relatively few of my colleagues who have bravely spoken out have been an inspiration. I do not believe this document will convince many others to change their minds. Rather, I write this publicly to testify that during the war there were and remain Israeli voices who strongly dissented from Israel’s actions.

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The corporate media has largely ignored the brutal chronology of events in Gaza and the horrific living conditions in Gaza that have gradually intensified since Israel officially left the territory in 2005. While the reasons for such blinkered journalism are beyond the scope of this article; I will offer an idea for the reader’s consideration: “…the imperial mentality is so deeply embedded in Western culture that this travesty passes without criticism, even notice.” (Chomsky & Pappe: 2010.) Considering the current state of affairs in Gaza; this absence of depth and context creates the false impression that Palestinians are innately violent and self-destructive.

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Palestine is the ethical battleground of our time, where the racism inherent in Euro-modern/colonial knowledge is dissected, exposed and resisted. This knowledge system, whether by justification or through silence, echoes the historical pattern of colonial atrocities across the Global South, including the unfolding genocide in Palestine.In this light, the Palestinian experience of colonial life and death encapsulates the global issue of ethics and knowledge.

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