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Masters by Research (MScR)

Our Masters by Research (MScR) degrees provide a particularly strong preparation for PhD study. They are sometimes offered as part of a doctoral training programme.

MScR, MRes or MARes?

The Masters by Research programmes offered at Edinburgh are abbreviated as MScR; however, at other institutions, it can be abbreviated as MRes (generally in sciences and technology) or MARes (in arts and humanities).

Regardless of the abbreviation, Masters by Research programmes tend to place an emphasis on research skills: around two thirds of the course content consists of research project work. (In contrast, about one third of a taught masters programme will focus on research work).

Masters by Research programmes aim to develop your research skills and, as a result, they provide a good preparation for postdoctoral study. If you are unsure whether a PhD is right for you, a Masters by Research can give you useful experience of what studying for a doctorate might be like, whilst at the same time allowing you to earn a valuable masters level qualification.

Most taught programmes are also designed with PhD progression in mind, so it is worth exploring your options fully.

Find an MScR programme

Programme structure

Masters by Research programmes tend to be available to study full time for one year, or part time for two years, and are likely to end with a final research project or dissertation.

At some universities, the MScR is offered as part of a four-year doctoral programme, where continuation to the PhD is subject to satisfactory performance in the MScR and the identification of a suitable topic and supervisor. This is not the same at Edinburgh: not all Masters by Research at Edinburgh lead directly to a PhD, and you can choose to do a Masters by Research on its own without the need to proceed to a PhD.

Do I need to write a research proposal?

As part of your application for a Masters by Research programme, you will usually need to submit a research proposal demonstrating your knowledge of your field and outlining your project’s aims and expected outcomes.

You should contact a prospective supervisor for further information on what to include in your proposal.

Our guide to writing a research proposal will take you through the process step-by-step:

How to write a research proposal

Do I need to find a supervisor?

We recommend you identify a suitable supervisor to discuss your research idea before you apply to ensure that we have the right specialist area you are interested in

How to find a supervisor

• Postgraduate Research

Research degrees explained: what is a research degree?

A postgraduate research degree is a challenge that someone with a passion for their subject will relish.

You'll develop advanced knowledge and make an original contribution to your field of study.  The core of a postgraduate research degree is the successful completion of a research project that makes an original contribution to knowledge in a particular area of study.

Although guided and advised by an expert, a postgraduate researcher takes full responsibility for their work. They will be expected to successfully plan and manage their research project and to deliver on time (and to budget) a thesis of appropriate standard.  An important aspect of a postgraduate research degree is the opportunity for training, not only in specialist research techniques but also in skills relevant to employability and personal development.

The two types of research degrees are:

• Research master's degrees: MPhil (Master of Philosophy) and MRes (Master of Research)
• Doctoral degrees: PhD (Doctor in Philosophy) , MD (Doctor of Medicine) , and various Professional Doctorates

Master of Philosophy (MPhil)

The Master of Philosophy (MPhil) can be thought of as a shorter version of the PhD. It requires the same research skills, training planning, and project management. It can be a way to assess whether you wish to undertake doctoral research - or it can be taken for its own sake.

Master of Research (MRes)

The Master of Research (MRes) degree is a one year full-time or two years part-time master’s degree. The MRes places more emphasis on research skills than a traditional taught master’s degree such as an MA or MSc. For students who wish to proceed to doctoral research, it can be an excellent preparation. It can also be a standalone degree for those who wish to learn research skills, or try themselves out in research.

Doctor in Philosophy (PhD)

The Doctor in Philosophy is the classic doctoral research degree. The word 'philosophy' is used in its original sense – in Greek φιλοσοφία (philosophia) translates as "love of wisdom". A doctoral degree is awarded to students that have demonstrated the ability to conceptualise, design, and implement a substantial research project that results in new knowledge, applications, or understanding in their field of study.

There are two main ways of progressing on to PhD study. If you can self-fund or bring your own funding (such as government funding, if you are an overseas applicant) you will generally expect to negotiate the project of your choice with a potential supervisor. Studentship opportunities funded by the University or an external funder such as a Research Council (or both) operate in a more formal way, resembling a job application.

Doctor of Medicine (MD)

The Doctor of Medicine (MD) is a doctoral degree open to medical practitioners (technically, anyone holding a medical qualification registrable with the General Medical Council). It is equivalent in requirements and format to the PhD.

Professional Doctorates

These programmes take several different forms, but have in common the integration of professional and academic knowledge in a qualification which, whilst equivalent in status and challenge to a PhD, is designed for those pursuing professional rather than academic careers.

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What is a research degree?

Research degrees are the highest level of degree usually awarded by UK universities. Successful completion of a PhD or professional doctorate allows the holder to title themselves 'doctor'.

PhD and MPhil degrees are different from taught degrees - such as Bachelors or Masters degrees - because the programme is an independent research project, rather than a programme of assessed coursework.

Professional doctorates

Professional doctorates are equivalent to a PhD but have a focus on a specific professional context.

Doctoral Training Partnerships

Doctoral Training Partnerships (DTPs) or Centres for Doctoral Training (CDTs) are multi-institutional schemes designed to support the training of the next generation of world-class researchers.

Distance learning

Our distance learning programmes offer a flexible way to study for a research degree - allowing you to gain a University of Leicester research degree wherever you are in the world.

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Research degrees.

Research degrees

Our degrees offer you the opportunity to explore innovative ways to tackle major social, economic and cultural problems.

We are committed to the pursuit of excellence through learning, and our supervisors will support you to develop your existing knowledge and skills to make a difference in your professional field.

With our support, you can focus on your area of expertise and can be jointly supervised by our academics and a collaborating partner, if you are working in partnership with an external organisation.

We offer workshops available via our Virtual Learning Environments and electronic and physical access to our campus library.

Explore our research degrees

• Research degrees: MPhil/PhD
• Public Works PhD
• Public Works Professional Practice DProf
• Doctor of Professional Studies (DProf)
• Masters/Doctor of Professional Studies MProf/DProf
• Professional Practice DProf (Business)
• Doctor of Business Administration
• Research studentships
• Visiting research students

Subject specialisation offers you the chance to explore your area of expertise in greater depth, with the support of our tutors.

Our academics are experts in their fields and you will work with a supportive peer group, with access to our specialist facilities on our North London campus. You will develop rigorous research and project management skills and have the opportunity to make a significant contribution to professional or organisation learning and development.

MSc by Research (MScR) degrees

A Master's by Research provides an opportunity for you to undertake an individual research project with support to develop your research skills. You can choose a project area from a wide variety of domains, including business information systems, e-health, social media, cloud computing, smart homes, intelligent vehicles and ambient assisted living.

This degree is an entirely research-based Master's programme. The majority of your time will be spent working on your research project in the library, laboratories or elsewhere, under the direction of your supervisors.

You may also have tutorial lectures in the key areas of you chosen field. You will have regular meetings with your supervisor to review progress and plan future activities. You may also spend brief periods at partner sites, for example where your project involves collaboration with industry.

Get in touch to find out more

MA by Professional Practice

Our flexible online distance learning MAs by Professional Practice are offered that allow arts professionals to continue working, integrating their professional practice and expertise with academic learning

• Professional Arts Practice MA (Distance Education)

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Join our Postgraduate Open Day - Saturday 22 June

Education MA by Research

For 2024-2025 £4,778 full time (UK)  £2,389 part time (UK)  £21,360 full time (International) More  Fees and funding details.

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The School of Education has a national and international reputation as a centre of excellence and provides wide and varied opportunities research opportunities.

The MA by Research is research-based Masters programme. It is assessed by a thesis of 40,000 words maximum. You will be encouraged to participate in a research training programme, but you will not be required to complete assignments for research training modules you attend. It is suitable for those who are interested in developing their independent research skills and many students who complete this course progress onto PhD study afterwards.

Our academic expertise in the School of Education covers a broad range of disciplines which are grouped into three main departments:

• Disability Inclusion and Special Needs
• Education and Social Justice
• Teacher Education

We also have a number of highly successful research centres  which reflect the diversity of our research activity. The results of the latest  2021 Research Excellent Framework (REF)  show that the School of Education is ranked 3rd in the UK for its 4* research. 

The interdependence of research with development and professional practice means that we particularly welcome the contribution of research students to our work. We provide a comprehensive programme of research training, together with opportunities to take part in research seminars where speakers with national and international reputations present work that is at the forefront of current debates within the field.  

Please view our postgraduate research webpage to find out more about the type of research degrees on offer in the School of Education

Fees 2024 - 2025

• Code 9192 full-time £4,778
• Code 9193 part-time £2,389

International

• Code 9192 full-time £21,360

Learn more about fees

Scholarships and Loans

UK and EU students (with settled or pre-settled status) may be eligible for a postgraduate loan which provides up to £12,167 (for 2023/2024 entry) for taught and research Masters courses in all subject areas.

For details of scholarships and other types of funding, search our postgraduate funding and scholarship database .

How To Apply

When applying for a MA Research programme you will be required to submit a detailed proposal, which outlines the nature of your proposed study. This proposal will not be held as a final contract and may change in negotiation with your supervisor. However, it is an indication that you have the background ideas and knowledge to begin independent research in the broad area of your interest. It also enables us to send your application to appropriate members of staff for consideration. The proposal should include the following information:

• The aims or objectives, and research questions if possible
• The justification for the study or area
• An outline of the research design (approach, population, methods, time scale)
• An indication of related literature
• Any previous work you have done in the area
• Any facilities available to you for the research or access to the research site, and research subjects
• The amount of time per week you are able to devote to the study.
• How to apply

To apply for a postgraduate research programme, you will need to submit your application and supporting documents online. We have put together some helpful information on the research programme application process and supporting documents on our how to apply page . Please read this information carefully before completing your application.

Our Standard Requirements

When you apply, the application system will ask you to upload a research proposal for submission together with your application. 

Learn more about entry requirements 

International Requirements

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and a Masters degree, with a GPA of 14/20 from a recognised institution to be considered. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of the Licenciado or an equivalent professional title from a recognised Argentinian university, with a promedio of at least 7.5, may be considered for entry to a postgraduate degree programme. Applicants for PhD degrees will normally have a Maestria or equivalent

Applicants who hold a Masters degree will be considered for admission to PhD study.

Holders of a good four-year Diplomstudium/Magister or a Masters degree from a recognised university with a minimum overall grade of 2.5 will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Students with a good 5-year Specialist Diploma or 4-year Bachelor degree from a recognised higher education institution in Azerbaijan, with a minimum GPA of 4/5 or 80% will be considered for entry to postgraduate taught programmes at the University of Birmingham.

For postgraduate research programmes applicants should have a good 5-year Specialist Diploma (completed after 1991), with a minimum grade point average of 4/5 or 80%, from a recognised higher education institution or a Masters or “Magistr Diplomu” or “Kandidat Nauk” from a recognised higher education institution in Azerbaijan.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and a Masters degree, with a GPA of 3.0/4.0 or 75% from a recognised institution to be considered. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and will usually be required to have completed a Masters degree, with a CGPA of 3.0-3.3/4.0 or higher for 2:1 equivalency from a recognised institution to be considered for entry. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Students who hold a Masters degree from the University of Botswana with a minimum GPA of 3.0/4.0 or 3.5/5.0 (70%/B/'very good') will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees.

Please note 4-year bachelor degrees from the University of Botswana are considered equivalent to a Diploma of Higher Education. 5-year bachelor degrees from the University of Botswana are considered equivalent to a British Bachelor (Ordinary) degree.

Students who have completed a Masters degree from a recognised institution will be considered for PhD study.

A Licenciatura or Bacharelado degree from a recognised Brazilian university:

• A grade of 7.5/10 for entry to programmes with a 2:1 requirement
• A grade of 6.5/10for entry to programmes with a 2:2 requirement

Holders of a good Bachelors degree with honours (4 to 6 years) from a recognised university with a upper second class grade or higher will be considered for entry to taught postgraduate programmes.  Holders of a good Masters degree from a recognised university will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Holders of a good post-2001 Masters degree from a recognised university will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Students with a minimum average of 14 out of 20 (or 70%) on a 4-year Licence, Bachelor degree or Diplôme d'Etudes Superieures de Commerce (DESC) or Diplôme d'Ingénieur or a Maîtrise will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees.

Holders of a bachelor degree with honours from a recognised Canadian university may be considered for entry to a postgraduate degree programme. A GPA of 3.0/4, 7.0/9 or 75% is usually equivalent to a UK 2.1.

Holders of the Licenciado or equivalent Professional Title from a recognised Chilean university will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees. Applicants for PhD study will preferably hold a Magister degree or equivalent.

Students with a bachelor’s degree (4 years minimum) may be considered for entry to a postgraduate degree programme. However please note that we will only consider students who meet the entry guidance below.  Please note: for the subject areas below we use the Shanghai Ranking 2022 (full table)  ,  Shanghai Ranking 2023 (full table) , and Shanghai Ranking of Chinese Art Universities 2023 .

需要具备学士学位（4年制）的申请人可申请研究生课程。请根据所申请的课程查看相应的入学要求。 请注意，中国院校名单参考 软科中国大学排名2022（总榜） ，  软科中国大学排名2023（总榜） ，以及 软科中国艺术类高校名单2023 。  

Business School    - MSc programmes (excluding MBA)  

商学院硕士课程（MBA除外）入学要求

School of Computer Science – all MSc programmes 计算机学院硕士课程入学要求

College of Social Sciences – courses listed below 社会科学 学院部分硕士课程入学要求 MA Education  (including all pathways) MSc TESOL Education MSc Public Management MA Global Public Policy MA Social Policy MA Sociology Department of Political Science and International Studies  全部硕士课程 International Development Department  全部硕士课程

  All other programmes (including MBA)   所有其他 硕士课程（包括 MBA）入学要求

Please note:

• Borderline cases: We may consider students with lower average score (within 5%) on a case-by-case basis if you have a relevant degree and very excellent grades in relevant subjects and/or relevant work experience. 如申请人均分低于相应录取要求（5%以内），但具有出色学术背景，优异的专业成绩，以及（或）相关的工作经验，部分课程将有可能单独酌情考虑。
• Please contact the China Recruitment Team for any questions on the above entry requirements. 如果您对录取要求有疑问，请联系伯明翰大学中国办公室   [email protected]

Holders of the Licenciado/Professional Title from a recognised Colombian university will be considered for our Postgraduate Diploma and Masters degrees. Applicants for PhD degrees will normally have a Maestria or equivalent.

Holders of a good bachelor degree with honours (4 to 6 years) from a recognised university with a upper second class grade or higher will be considered for entry to taught postgraduate programmes.  Holders of a good Masters degree from a recognised university will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Holders of a good Bacclaureus (Bachelors) from a recognised Croatian Higher Education institution with a minimum overall grade of 4.0 out of 5.0, vrlo dobar ‘very good’, or a Masters degree, will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Holders of a Bachelors degree(from the University of the West Indies or the University of Technology) may be considered for entry to a postgraduate degree programme. A Class II Upper Division degree is usually equivalent to a UK 2.1. For further details on particular institutions please refer to the list below.  Applicants for PhD level study will preferably hold a Masters degree or Mphil from the University of the West Indies.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a good Bachelors degree from a recognised institution with a minimum overall grade of 6.5 out of 10, or a GPA of 3 out of 4, and will usually be required to have completed a good Masters degree to be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of a good Bakalár from a recognised Czech Higher Education institution with a minimum overall grade of 1.5, B, velmi dobre ‘very good’ (post-2004) or 2, velmi dobre ‘good’ (pre-2004), or a good post-2002 Magistr (Masters), will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a good Bachelors degree from a recognised institution with a minimum overall grade of 7-10 out of 12 (or 8 out of 13) or higher for 2:1 equivalence and will usually be required to have completed a good Masters/ Magisterkonfereus/Magister Artium degree to be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of the Licenciado or an equivalent professional title from a recognised Ecuadorian university may be considered for entry to a postgraduate degree programme. Grades of 70% or higher can be considered as UK 2.1 equivalent.  Applicants for PhD level study will preferably hold a Magister/Masterado or equivalent qualification, but holders of the Licenciado with excellent grades can be considered.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and a Masters degree, with a GPA of 3.0/4.0 or 75% from a recognised institution. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of a good Bakalaurusekraad from a recognised university with a minimum overall grade of 4/5 or B, or a good one- or two-year Magistrikraad from a recognised university, will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Students who hold a Masters degree with very good grades (grade B, 3.5/4 GPA or 85%) will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees. 

Holders of a good Kandidaatti / Kandidat (old system), a professional title such as Ekonomi, Diplomi-insinööri, Arkkitehti, Lisensiaatti (in Medicine, Dentistry and Vetinary Medicine), or a Maisteri / Magister (new system), Lisensiaatti / Licenciat, Oikeustieteen Kandidaatti / Juris Kandidat (new system) or Proviisori / Provisor from a recognised Finnish Higher Education institution, with a minimum overall grade of 2/3 or 4/5, will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a should hold a Bachelors degree and will usually be required to have completed a Masters/Maîtrise with a minimum overall grade of 13 out of 20, or a Magistère / Diplôme d'Etudes Approfondies / Diplôme d'Etudes Supérieures Specialisées / Mastère Specialis, from a recognised French university or Grande École to be considered for entry. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of a Magister Artium, a Diplom or an Erstes Staatsexamen from a recognised university with a minimum overall grade of 2.5, or a good two-year Lizentiat / Aufbaustudium / Zweites Staatsexamen or a Masters degree from a recognised university, will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Students who hold a Bachelor degree from a recognised institution will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees. Most taught Masters programmes require a minimum of an upper second class degree (2.1) with a minimum GPA of at least 3.0/4.0 or 3.5/5.0 Students who have completed a Masters degree from a recognised institution will be considered for PhD study.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a good four-year Ptychio (Bachelor degree) with a minimum overall grade of 6.5 out of 10, from a recognised Greek university (AEI), and will usually be required to have completed a good Metaptychiako Diploma Eidikefsis (Masters degree) from a recognised institution to be considered for entry. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

4-year Licenciado is deemed equivalent to a UK bachelors degree. A score of 75 or higher from Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala (USAC) can be considered comparable to a UK 2.1, 60 is comparable to a UK 2.2.  Private universities have a higher pass mark, so 80 or higher should be considered comparable to a UK 2.1, 70 is comparable to a UK 2.2

The Hong Kong Bachelor degree is considered comparable to British Bachelor degree standard. Students with bachelor degrees awarded by universities in Hong Kong may be considered for entry to one of our postgraduate degree programmes.

Students with Masters degrees may be considered for PhD study.

Holders of a good Alapfokozat / Alapképzés or Egyetemi Oklevel from a recognised university with a minimum overall grade of 3.5, or a good Mesterfokozat (Masters degree) or Egyetemi Doktor (university doctorate), will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and will usually be required to have completed a Masters degree, with a 60% or higher for 2:1 equivalency from a recognised institution to be considered for entry. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of the 4 year Sarjana (S1) from a recognised Indonesian institution will be considered for postgraduate study. Entry requirements vary with a minimum requirement of a GPA of 2.8.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and a Masters degree, with a score of 14/20 or 70% from a recognised institution to be considered. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and will usually be required to have completed a Masters degree from a recognised institution, with 100 out of 110 or higher for 2:1 equivalency from a recognised institution to be considered for entry. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Students who hold the Maitrise, Diplome d'Etude Approfondies, Diplome d'Etude Superieures or Diplome d'Etude Superieures Specialisees will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees (14-15/20 or Bien from a well ranked institution is considered comparable to a UK 2.1, while a score of 12-13/20 or Assez Bien is considered comparable to a UK 2.2).

Students with a Bachelor degree from a recognised university in Japan will be considered for entry to a postgraduate Masters degree provided they achieve a sufficiently high overall score in their first (Bachelor) degree. A GPA of 3.0/4.0 or a B average from a good Japanese university is usually considered equivalent to a UK 2:1.

Students with a Masters degree from a recognised university in Japan will be considered for PhD study. A high overall grade will be necessary to be considered.

Students who have completed their Specialist Diploma Мамаң дипломы/Диплом специалиста) or "Magistr" (Магистр дипломы/Диплом магистра) degree (completed after 1991) from a recognised higher education institution, with a minimum GPA of 2.67/4.00 for courses requiring a UK lower second and 3.00/4.00 for courses requiring a UK upper second class degree, will be considered for entry to postgraduate Masters degrees and, occasionally, directly for PhD degrees.  Holders of a Bachelor "Bakalavr" degree (Бакалавр дипломы/Диплом бакалавра) from a recognised higher education institution, with a minimum GPA of  2.67/4.00 for courses requiring a UK lower second and 3.00/4.00 for courses requiring a UK upper second class degree, may also be considered for entry to taught postgraduate programmes.

Students who hold a Bachelor degree from a recognised institution will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees. Most taught Masters programmes require a minimum of an upper second class degree (2.1) with a minimum GPA of at least 3.0/4.0 or 3.5/50

Holders of a good Postgraduate Diploma (professional programme) from a recognised university or institution of Higher Education, with a minimum overall grade of 7.5 out of 10, or a post-2000 Magistrs, will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and a Masters degree, with a score of 16/20 or 80% from a recognised institution to be considered. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in Libya will be considered for postgraduate study. Holders of a Bachelors degree will normally be expected to have achieved score of 70% for 2:1 equivalency or 65% for 2:2 equivalency. Alternatively students will require a minimum of 3.0/4.0 or BB to be considered.

Holders of a good pre-2001 Magistras from a recognised university with a minimum overall grade of 8 out of 10, or a good post-2001 Magistras, will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes

Holders of a good Bachelors degree from a recognised Luxembourgish Higher Education institution with a minimum overall grade of 16 out of 20, or a Diplôme d'Études Supérieures Spécialisées (comparable to a UK PGDip) or Masters degree from a recognised Luxembourgish Higher Education institution will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Students who hold a Masters degree will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees (70-74% or A or Marginal Distinction from a well ranked institution is considered comparable to a UK 2.1, while a score of 60-69% or B or Bare Distinction/Credit is considered comparable to a UK 2.2).

Holders of a Bachelors degree from a recognised Malaysian institution (usually achieved with the equivalent of a second class upper or a grade point average minimum of 3.0) will be considered for postgraduate study at Diploma or Masters level.

Holders of a good Bachelors degree from the University of Malta with a minimum grade of 2:1 (Hons), and/or a Masters degree, will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Students who hold a Bachelor degree (Honours) from a recognised institution (including the University of Mauritius) will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees.  Most taught Masters programmes require a minimum of an upper second class degree (2:1).

Students who hold the Licenciado/Professional Titulo from a recognised Mexican university with a promedio of at least 8 will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees.

Students who have completed a Maestria from a recognised institution will be considered for PhD study.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree, licence or Maîtrise and a Masters degree, with a score of 14/20 or 70% from a recognised institution to be considered. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Students with a good four year honours degree from a recognised university will be considered for postgraduate study at the University of Birmingham. PhD applications will be considered on an individual basis.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and will usually be required to have completed a Masters degree, with 60-74% or higher for 2:1 equivalency from a recognised institution to be considered for entry. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of a good Doctoraal from a recognised Dutch university with a minimum overall grade of 7 out of 10, and/or a good Masters degree, will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Students who hold a Bachelor degree (minimum 4 years and/or level 400) from a recognised institution will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees.  Most taught Masters programmes require a minimum of an upper second class degree (2.1) with a minimum GPA of at least 3.0/4.0 or 3.5/5.0

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a good Bachelors degree from a recognised institution with a minimum GPA of B/Very Good or 1.6-2.5 for a 2.1 equivalency, and will usually be required to have completed a good Masters, Mastergrad, Magister. Artium, Sivilingeniør, Candidatus realium or Candidatus philologiae degree to be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and will usually be required to have completed a Masters degree, with a CGPA of 3.0/4 or higher for 2:1 equivalency from a recognised institution to be considered for entry. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in the Palestinian Territories will be considered for postgraduate study. Holders of Bachelors degree will normally be expected to have achieved a GPA of 3/4 or 80% for 2:1 equivalency or a GPA of 2.5/4 or 70% for 2:2 equivalency.    

Holders of the Título de Licenciado /Título de (4-6 years) or an equivalent professional title from a recognised Paraguayan university may be considered for entry to a postgraduate degree programme. Grades of 4/5 or higher can be considered as UK 2.1 equivalent.  The Título Intermedio is a 2-3 year degree and is equivalent to a HNC, it is not suitable for postgraduate entry but holders of this award could be considered for second year undergraduate entry or pre-Masters.  Applicants for PhD level study will preferably hold a Título de Maestría / Magister or equivalent qualification, but holders of the Título/Grado de Licenciado/a with excellent grades can be considered.

Holders of the Licenciado, with at least 13/20 may be considered as UK 2.1 equivalent. The Grado de Bachiller is equivalent to an ordinary degree, so grades of 15+/20 are required.  Applicants for PhD level study will preferably hold a Título de Maestría or equivalent qualification.

Holders of a good pre-2001 Magister from a recognised Polish university with a minimum overall grade of 4 out of 5, dobry ‘good’, and/or a good Swiadectwo Ukonczenia Studiów Podyplomowych (Certificate of Postgraduate Study) or post-2001 Magister from a recognised Polish university with a minimum overall grade of 4.5/4+ out of 5, dobry plus 'better than good', will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Holders of a good Licenciado from a recognised university, or a Diploma de Estudos Superiores Especializados (DESE) from a recognised Polytechnic Institution, with a minimum overall grade of 16 out of 20, and/or a good Mestrado / Mestre (Masters) from a recognised university, will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a good Bachelors degree from a recognised Romanian Higher Education institution with a minimum overall grade of 8 out of 10, and will usually be required to have completed a Masters degree/Diploma de Master/Diploma de Studii Academice Postuniversitare (Postgraduate Diploma - Academic Studies) or Diploma de Studii Postuniversitare de Specializare (Postgraduate Diploma - Specialised Studies) to be considered for entry. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of a good Диплом Специалиста (Specialist Diploma) or Диплом Магистра (Magistr) degree from recognised universities in Russia (minimum GPA of 4.0) will be considered for entry to taught postgraduate programmes/PhD study.

Students who hold a 4-year Bachelor degree with at least 16/20 or 70% will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees.   

Students who hold a Maitrise, Diplome d'Etude Approfondies,Diplome d'Etude Superieures or Diplome d'Etude Superieures Specialisees will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees. A score of 14-15/20 or Bien from a well ranked institution is considered comparable to a UK 2.1, while a score of 12-13/20 or Assez Bien is considered comparable to a UK 2.2

Students who hold a Bachelor (Honours) degree from a recognised institution with a minimum GPA of 3.0/4.0 or 3.5/5.0 (or a score of 60-69% or B+) from a well ranked institution will be considered for most our Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees with a 2:1 requirement.

Students holding a good Bachelors Honours degree will be considered for postgraduate study at Diploma or Masters level.

Holders of a good three-year Bakalár or pre-2002 Magister from a recognised Slovakian Higher Education institution with a minimum overall grade of 1.5, B, Vel’mi dobrý ‘very good’, and/or a good Inžinier or a post-2002 Magister from a recognised Slovakian Higher Education institution will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Holders of a good Diploma o pridobljeni univerzitetni izobrazbi (Bachelors degree), Diplomant (Professionally oriented first degree), Univerzitetni diplomant (Academically oriented first degree) or Visoko Obrazovanja (until 1999) from a recognised Slovenian Higher Education institution with a minimum overall grade of 8.0 out of 10, and/or a good Diploma specializacija (Postgraduate Diploma) or Magister (Masters) will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Students who hold a Bachelor Honours degree (also known as Baccalaureus Honores / Baccalaureus Cum Honoribus) from a recognised institution will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees. Most Masters programmes will require a second class upper (70%) or a distinction (75%).

Holders of a Masters degree will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Holders of a Bachelor degree from a recognised South Korean institution (usually with the equivalent of a second class upper or a grade point average 3.0/4.0 or 3.2/4.5) will be considered for Masters programmes.

Holders of a good Masters degree from a recognised institution will be considered for PhD study on an individual basis.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and will usually be required to have completed a Masters degree, with 7 out of 10 or higher for 2:1 equivalency from a recognised institution to be considered for entry. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and will usually be required to have completed a Masters degree, with 60-74% or a CGPA 3.30/4.0 or higher for 2:1 equivalency from a recognised institution to be considered for entry. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of a good Kandidatexamen (Bachelors degree) or Yrkesexamen (Professional Bachelors degree) from a recognised Swedish Higher Education institution with the majority of subjects with a grade of VG (Val godkänd), and/or a good Magisterexamen (Masters degree), International Masters degree or Licentiatexamen (comparable to a UK Mphil), will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Holders of a good "PostGraduate Certificate" or "PostGraduate Diploma" or a Masters degree from a recognised Swiss higher education institution (with a minimum GPA of 5/6 or 8/10 or 2/5 (gut-bien-bene/good) for a 2.1 equivalence) may be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and a Masters degree, with a GPA of 3.0/4.0, 3.5/5 or 75% from a recognised institution to be considered. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of a good Bachelor degree (from 75% to 85% depending upon the university in Taiwan) from a recognised institution will be considered for postgraduate Masters study. Holders of a good Masters degree from a recognised institution will be considered for PhD study.

Students who hold a Bachelor degree from a recognised institution will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees.  Most taught Masters programmes require a minimum of an upper second class degree (2.1) Students who have completed a Masters degree from a recognised institution will be considered for PhD study.

Holders of a good Masters degree from a recognised institution will be considered for entry to our postgraduate research programmes.

Holders of a good Masters degree or Mphil from a recognised university will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Students with a Bachelors degree from the following universities may be considered for entry to postgraduate programmes:

• Ateneo de Manila University - Quezon City
• De La Salle University - Manila
• University of Santo Tomas
• University of the Philippines - Diliman

Students from all other institutions with a Bachelors and a Masters degree or relevant work experience may be considered for postgraduate programmes.

Grading Schemes

1-5 where 1 is the highest 2.1 = 1.75 2.2 = 2.25 

Out of 4.0 where 4 is the highest 2.1 = 3.0 2.2 = 2.5

Letter grades and percentages 2.1 = B / 3.00 / 83% 2.2 = C+ / 2.5 / 77%

Holders of a postdoctoral qualification from a recognised institution will be considered for PhD study.  Students may be considered for PhD study if they have a Masters from one of the above listed universities.

Holders of a Lisans Diplomasi with a minimum grade point average (GPA) of 3.0/4.0 from a recognised university will be considered for postgraduate study at Diploma or Masters level.

Holders of a Yuksek Diplomasi from a recognised university will be considered for PhD study.

Students who hold a Bachelor degree from a recognised institution will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees. Most Masters programmes will require a second class upper (2.1) or GPA of 3.5/5.0

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a good Bachelors degree / Диплом бакалавра (Dyplom Bakalavra), Диплом спеціаліста (Specialist Diploma) or a Dyplom Magistra from a recognised Ukrainian higher education institution with a minimum GPA of 4.0/5.0, 3.5/4, 8/12 or 80% or higher for 2:1 equivalence and will usually be required to have completed a good Masters degree to be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

The University will consider students who hold an Honours degree from a recognised institution in the USA with a GPA of:

• 2.8 GPA (on a 4.0 scale) for entry to programmes with a 2:2 requirement 
• 3.2 GPA (on a 4.0 scale) for entry to programmes with a 2:1 requirement 

Please note that some subjects which are studied at postgraduate level in the USA, eg. Medicine and Law, are traditionally studied at undergraduate level in the UK.

Holders of the Magistr Diplomi (Master's degree) or Diplomi (Specialist Diploma), awarded by prestigious universities, who have attained high grades in their studies will be considered for postgraduate study.  Holders of the Fanlari Nomzodi (Candidate of Science), where appropriate, will be considered for PhD study.

Holders of the Licenciatura/Título or an equivalent professional title from a recognised Venezuelan university may be considered for entry to a postgraduate degree programme. Scales of 1-5, 1-10 and 1-20 are used, an overall score of 70% or equivalent can be considered equivalent to a UK 2.1.  Applicants for PhD level study will preferably hold a Maestria or equivalent qualification

Holders of a Bachelors degree from a recognised Vietnamese institution (usually achieved with the equivalent of a second class upper or a grade point average minimum GPA of 7.0 and above) will be considered for postgraduate study at Diploma or Masters level.  Holders of a Masters degree (thac si) will be considered for entry to PhD programmes.

Students who hold a Masters degree with a minimum GPA of 3.5/5.0 or a mark of 2.0/2.5 (A) will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees.   

Students who hold a good Bachelor Honours degree will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees. 

Perhaps the most important step in the formulation of your research project is to identify a member of academic staff with appropriate expertise to supervise your area of interest. Your supervisor will act as the main source of academic supervisory support and research mentoring during your time as a doctoral researcher at the University and as such, it is vital that you ensure that the department to which you are applying is able to offer appropriate supervisory support in your relevant research area. Before submitting your application to the University you will need to identify potential supervisors in your desired field of research and contact them directly about your research proposal.

Individual staff research interests

Professor Julie Allan Disability and children’s rights, educational theory.

Professor Kalwant Bhopal Race, racism, gender, class, intersectionality, educational inequalities, schools and higher education, qualitative research, case study research, ethnography, Gypsy and Traveller groups, social justice, equity.

Dr Helen Breadmore Reading, spelling and writing. Causes and consequences of low literacy. Morphological awareness and processing. Evidence-based practice in literacy education. Randomised controlled trials.

Dr Laura Day Ashley Non-state education, Education in India, The history of schooling, Cross-cultural education, Alternatives to education and progressive education, Qualitative approaches, Ethnography, Case Studies, Anthropological approaches, education and marketisation / privatisation / the private sector; NGOs and education (especially developing countries).

Dr Laura D'Olimpio Moral education; Moral philosophy and applied ethics; Aesthetics; particularly aesthetics and ethics; Philosophy in schools; Media, mass art, technology and digital literacy; Philosophy of film and literature; Virtue ethics and character education; Public philosophy.

Professor Graeme Douglas Visual impairment; Educational outcomes and SEN; Transitions from school; Curriculum balance; WHO ICF model of disability; The views of disabled people; Technology and SEN / disability.

Dr Reza Gholami Impact of transnationality and diversity on education practice and policy; Citizenship education, subjectivity and social change in the contemporary/future world; Educational responses to extremism and counterextremism.

Dr Celia Greenway Early Years workforce reform; Early Years practitioners professional identity; Gender issues connected to the recruitment of males into Early Years; Leadership and Management within the nursery sector; Creative Curriculum with reference to young children’s social and emotional development; Outdoor learning and Forest schools.

Dr Karen Guldberg Technology Enhanced Learning for children with autism; social learning theory and inter subjectivity theory; Evidence Based Practice in Education; participatory methodologies

Mr Neil Hall Assessment and intervention in child and adolescent mental health; understanding how family mental health and trauma affects children’s learning and well-being, behaviour and development; teachers’ models of child and adolescent mental health.

Dr Sarah Hall Holocaust and genocide education within a school context, and post-holocaust theology in the classroom; Literary theory and re-reading narrative within Biblical texts especially through a feminist lens; RSE (Relationship and Sex Education): policy and school context; PSHE (Personal, Social, Health Education): policy and school context including work on RSE and Mental Health; Secondary School based subject mentors as ‘HEI teachers’ through their work with students undertaking professional courses; Tutoring and managing ‘the tutor’ in a HEI context.

Professor Michael Hand Philosophy of education; moral education; religious education; political education; teaching controversial issues; philosophy in schools.

Dr Tom Harrison Character, virtue, citizenship, cyber-phronesis, youth social action.

Dr Julie Howe Professional practice in educational psychology services; social constructionism with a particular interest in gender; anti-oppressive practice in educational psychology; the educational implications of acquired brain injury.

Dr Dina Kiwan Citizenship, civil society, activism, conflict, human rights, ethnic and religious diversity, disability, gender, sexuality, migration, refugees, intersectionality.

Dr Ben Kotzee Philosophy of education; virtue theory; ethics in education; professional education.

Professor Kristján Kristjánsson Moral education, virtue ethics, well-being, educational values, teacher/student emotions and self-concepts.

Dr Andrea MacLeod Adults with autism spectrum conditions; models of support; self-advocacy; higher education students with autism; participatory methodologies.

Dr Eleni Mariou Multilingualism in educational and social contexts; Language ideology and discourse; Cultural and political implications of English as an International Language; Language education.

Professor Jane Martin Biography, history and education, Comprehensive education, Gender and education, Education and politics, Education and social movements, Identities and social action, Teacher unions.

Dr Ian McGimpsey Youth Work.

Dr Kevin Myers History of education; history and heritage; social history of childhood and youth.

Dr Jawiria Naseem Dynamics of Higher Education and the labour market in France and Britain; Socio-economic inequalities among (female) graduates; Citizenship and belonging among second generation and Muslim minority ethnic groups.

Dr Prithvi Perepa Most topics related to autism, specifically Intersectionality of autism with different factors such as culture or ethnicity, bilingualism, gender and sexual orientation, and religion; educational support; family experiences and family support.

Dr Siân Roberts Twentieth century educational interventions with children and refugees in contexts of war or displacement; pedagogic contributions by refugee educationalists who arrived in the UK , 1914-1950; transnational interventions by British Quaker women in education, social justice and humanitarian aid, 1914-1950; visual representations of children by humanitarian and political activists; the history of educational broadcasting.

Dr Nicola Smith Children and families with EAL; children as researchers and parental involvement in early years education.

Dr Anita Soni Early years; Children's Centres; personal social and emotional development in young children; key person approach; supervision and group supervision.

Dr Tonie Stolberg Science education, Sustainable development education, Science and the creative arts, The teaching of and learning about controversial issues Religion and science, The impact of faith on teaching and learning, Cultural influences on education, Pedagogy, Values and education, Philosophy of education, Phenomenological education.

Dr Emmanouela Terlektsi Education of deaf and hearing impaired children, Literacy skills of deaf children and young people, socioemotional development of deaf children and young people.

Dr Ruth Wareham Philosophy of education, religious education and schooling, moral education, relationships and sex education, political education, citizenship education, human rights education, education policy.

Dr Kirsty Wilson Mathematics education; algebraic thinking; pedagogy and teachers' practices, including use of technology; primary and early years mathematics; primary teacher education.

Over the last five years, an impressive 98.3 % of Education postgraduates have been in work and/or further study six months after graduation.

Birmingham’s Education graduates choose to work in variety of education roles in schools and administrative roles in public and private sector organisations. Work in retail, sales and administration are also popular options. Some chose to continue their education and apply for professional courses such as teacher training. Some of our graduates are attracted to careers in education such as teaching, community and youth work or other public sector occupations such as social work, police, housing and probation. New opportunities in partnership enterprises within sport, leisure, education and community schemes appeal. Some graduates also consider work in the private sector such as retail, finance or marketing.

What type of career assistance is available to those who complete the Education MA by Research?

The College of Social Sciences, to which the School of Education belongs, has specially designated careers advisors and careers consultants who can provide guidance for students on career paths, CVs, training opportunities, application and interviews. The University’s central Careers’ Service also runs workshops and offers personally tailored advice and guidance including 1-1 careers advice and 1-1 CV advice. The Career’s Service runs CV writing workshops especially for postgraduates in the College of Social Sciences, giving advice on how to compile CVs for both employment and for academic roles. The University also has dedicated careers advisors who run workshops and provide networking opportunities with potential employers. These are especially popular with international postgraduate students.

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Master of Research (MRes)

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A Master of Research degree prepares prospective PhD candidates for doctoral research in a specific area. A programme of projects, seminars and lectures is offered in an area of research and can be tailored to help the student identify a specific PhD topic. Some programmes are designed to allow students to gain a breadth of experience across a range of multidisciplinary approaches to a particular topic.

An MRes has a major research element, which may take the form of a number of short projects in rotation that you write up for assessment. It may also involve a menu of taught elements, providing training in a variety of general and discipline-specific research methods.

The MRes is generally offered as part of a four-year doctoral programme. In these four-year programmes, the MRes is offered ONLY in conjunction with the PhD. Continuation to the PhD is subject to satisfactory performance in the MRes and the identification of a suitable topic and supervisor.

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Research degrees (PhD and MPhil)

Undertaking postgraduate research allows you to develop in-depth knowledge while making a meaningful contribution to your chosen field. The School of Advanced Study’s eight world-renowned institutes offer expertise in a broad range of humanities disciplines. 

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Choose between on-campus study or online PhD supervision from anywhere in the world.

However you study, you'll benefit from the School’s collaborative research environment, specialist resources, and opportunities to participate in an extensive programme of events. 

What our students say

“My supervisors are experts in the fields that inform my research, and the Institute is home to influential research centres which bring together academics from all around the globe. The research culture promotes independent work while still receiving constant support and constructive feedback.”

Monja Stahlberger, Germany

PhD at the Institute of Languages, Cultures & Societies

“I chose this PhD programme because of the world-leading expertise offered by the academic staff, the availability of resources, and the series of lectures given by visiting academics and leading practitioners in the field of refugee studies.”

Dean Thompson, Australia

PhD at the Refugee Law Initiative

“The programme has furnished me with many skills, from interpersonal to technical, that will be very useful regardless of whether I choose to stay in academia or pursue a career in industry or in the public sector.”

Daniela Major, Portugal

PhD in Digital Humanities

PhD and MPhil degrees

Phd at the institute of classical studies, phd at the institute of advanced legal studies, phd at the centre for latin american and caribbean studies, phd at the institute in paris, phd at the institute of commonwealth studies, phd at the institute of english studies, phd at the institute of historical research, phd at the institute of languages, cultures and societies, phd at the warburg institute, phd digital humanities, phd digital humanities by practice.

Alternatively, use our A–Z index

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Discover more about postgraduate research

MSc by Research Materials / Overview

Year of entry: 2024

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The standard academic entry requirement for this MSc by Research is a lower second-class (2:2) honours degree in a discipline directly relevant to the MSc by Research (or international equivalent).

Full entry requirements

Apply online

In your application you’ll need to include:

• The name of this programme
• Your research project title (i.e. the advertised project name or proposed project name) or area of research
• Your proposed supervisor’s name
• If you already have funding or you wish to be considered for any of the available funding
• A supporting statement (see 'Advice to Applicants' for what to include)
• Details of your previous university level study
• Names and contact details of your two referees.

Programme options

Programme description.

The MSc by Research degree comprises three taught 15-credit units, to be determined in collaboration with your supervisor based on your previous academic background and the proposed research project, and a substantial 135-credit research project.

The Department of Materials encompasses an exceptional breadth of research and training in materials, from design and development, to performance and protection and management and marketing. Our multidisciplinary research activity covers broad, socially relevant materials themes that allow us to meet the needs of industry and society.

Our research is organised into eight research themes , although research projects often involve researchers in other groups, other schools, other universities and industry.

A research degree from the Department and the University is held in the highest esteem and recognised worldwide. Many of our graduates work in the most prestigious institutions and organisations throughout the world. Much of the Department's research has a significant impact on society and commerce; such as the development of new welding techniques enabling more fuel-efficient jet engines, and a new class of high performance, low density magnesium alloys to improve performance and reduce fuel consumption in the aerospace and automotive industries.

The Department provides first-class opportunities and facilities for our students to study specific subjects in-depth to a postgraduate research degree level. There are flexible study packages available, as well as an extensive range of postgraduate research studentships and projects , and funding, scholarships and awards with many of our research students sponsored by a variety of Department, University and industry resources.

Visit our research projects page to browse our range of currently available projects.

For entry in the academic year beginning September 2024, the tuition fees are as follows:

• MSc by Research (full-time) UK students (per annum): Band A £4,786; Band B £7,000; Band C £10,000; Band D £14,500; Band E £24,500 International, including EU, students (per annum): Band A £28,000; Band B £30,000; Band C £35,500; Band D £43,000; Band E £57,000

Further information for EU students can be found on our dedicated EU page.

The programme fee will vary depending on the cost of running the project. Fees quoted are fully inclusive and, therefore, you will not be required to pay any additional bench fees or administration costs.

All fees for entry will be subject to yearly review and incremental rises per annum are also likely over the duration of the course for Home students (fees are typically fixed for International students, for the course duration at the year of entry). For general fees information please visit the postgraduate fees page .

Always contact the Admissions team if you are unsure which fees apply to your project.

Scholarships/sponsorships

There are a range of scholarships, studentships and awards at university, faculty and department level to support both UK and overseas postgraduate researchers.

To be considered for many of our scholarships, you’ll need to be nominated by your proposed supervisor. Therefore, we’d highly recommend you discuss potential sources of funding with your supervisor first, so they can advise on your suitability and make sure you meet nomination deadlines.

For more information about our scholarships, visit our funding page or use our funding database to search for scholarships, studentships and awards you may be eligible for.

Contact details

Our internationally-renowned expertise across the School of Natural Sciences informs research led teaching with strong collaboration across disciplines, unlocking new and exciting fields and translating science into reality.  Our multidisciplinary learning and research activities advance the boundaries of science for the wider benefit of society, inspiring students to promote positive change through educating future leaders in the true fundamentals of science. Find out more about Science and Engineering at Manchester .

Programmes in related subject areas

Use the links below to view lists of programmes in related subject areas.

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The University of Manchester is regulated by the Office for Students (OfS). The OfS aims to help students succeed in Higher Education by ensuring they receive excellent information and guidance, get high quality education that prepares them for the future and by protecting their interests. More information can be found at the OfS website .

You can find regulations and policies relating to student life at The University of Manchester, including our Degree Regulations and Complaints Procedure, on our regulations website .

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Masters by research

Everything you need to know about studying for a research degree at a masters level.

Research degrees at masters level involve an independent in-depth study of your chosen research area. You’ll receive guidance and support from a supervisor, but the focus of your work will be a research topic of your own choice.

You’ll need to complete a research project showing how you have improved understanding of your chosen topic by applying your research findings in a new way. For Master’s by Research, the suggested word count for the thesis is between 20,000-30,000, and for MPhil, the suggested word count is between 30,000-50,000.

As well as building on the existing knowledge of your subject, you’ll develop transferable skills that will put you in a strong position for further research study and your future career.

Options include:

• Master’s by Research – one year full-time, two years part-time
• MPhil – two years full-time, four years part-time

Explore the degrees we offer, our research culture and supervisory expertise. Browse by subject area.

Fund your research degree or PhD

From self-finance to loans, scholarships to sponsorship, we explain ways to pay for your doctoral research.

I've gained knowledge on how research is justified, conducted and published by attending laboratory meetings and research seminars. I'm confident that I'll be able to apply for a PhD after finishing my masters. I'm gaining the skills and experience that will help me as a PhD researcher.

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Research areas

Degrees we offer, fees and studentships, application process, being an ou research student, student views.

The OU supports a diverse community of around 900 postgraduate research students, doing cutting-edge PhD and Professional Doctorate projects:

• at our beautiful campus in Milton Keynes
• through innovative Doctoral Training Partnerships
• around the globe, linked through Affiliated Research Centres .

How to get started

Find out about our current research areas, the research degrees we offer, sources of funding, how to apply and what it's like to be an OU research student.

Authentic, interdisciplinary, inspiring: postgraduate research students talk about why they joined the OU’s ‘lovely research community'.

My supervisors have been amazing. Extremely supportive when needed while also allowing me to have very independent control over my project. They have just been great and made the experience so worthwhile and so much fun.

The love of learning, support and friendship knows no boundaries at The Open University. It is indeed a place that lives up to its name where doors are open, minds are open, people are open, and opportunities are open to everyone.

Frequently asked questions

If you’ve got a question about what it’s like to be a research student at the OU, we’ve got the answer.

Check out some of our frequently asked questions  

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Postgraduate study

Types of research degrees.

We offer traditional PhD and research master’s degrees, as well as professional and extended doctoral programmes. This page explains your options.

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

This is the most common qualification pursued by research students and is available in all our faculties. It normally represents three to four years of full-time study depending on the discipline, but many programmes are available to study part-time or by distance learning.

You will undertake supervised research, either independently or as a member of a team. A PhD is awarded for the outcomes of advanced study, usually written up as an 80,000-word thesis, which demonstrates an original and significant contribution to knowledge.

Professional doctorates (EdD, EngD, DEdPsych, MD, DDS)

These qualifications are typically suited to professionals already qualified to an advanced level in their field, who wish to deepen and challenge their understanding. Students will combine directed study with substantial research to develop an original contribution to knowledge in a professional context.

We offer the following professional doctorates:

Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS)

The DDS is often for practising clinicians who wish to develop their research skills and apply their research to clinical problems. This advanced qualification will demonstrate your ability to design, undertake and apply research to clinical practice. The programme is broadly divided between academic modules, the treatment of patients under close supervision and a research project. Our DDS programme is offered in the Faculty of Health Sciences.

Doctor of Education (EdD)

The EdD is for education practitioners who wish to stimulate and transform their professional thinking and practice, while also developing a deep understanding of how cutting-edge academic research tackles real-life challenges and issues. Our EdD programme is offered within the School of Education in the Faculty of Social Sciences and Law.

Doctor of Educational Psychology (DEdPsy)

The DEdPsy is the entry qualification for professional practice and employment in educational psychology and is accredited by the British Psychological Society. It has been designed to meet the professional training needs of educational psychologists and reflects a shift in orientation in professional training that is implicit in a research degree. This programme is available within the School of Policy Studies.

Doctor of Medicine (MD)

The MD is a doctoral research degree undertaken by medical graduates. It is usually laboratory-based though it focuses on a specific clinical research topic. An MD project is of a narrower scope than PhD study but is of comparable depth and the work should also make an original contribution to medical knowledge. Practising clinicians may undertake a part-time MD to work on a research question relating to their clinical duties and interests. MD programmes are available within the Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and the Faculty of Health Sciences .

Engineering Doctorate (EngD)

The EngD is a professional doctorate, equivalent to a PhD in its intellectual challenge, but with the Research Engineer (EngD student) pursuing a research project while based within a company on an industry-specific project. Various EngD programmes are available within the Faculty of Engineering.

Master's degrees by research

A master’s by research includes a structured research project where you explore research themes through critical analysis and in-depth study.

These programmes can be a valuable foundation for starting a PhD.

Master of Philosophy (MPhil)

The research and study experience of an MPhil is similar to a PhD but the project is more tightly defined to allow it to be undertaken in one or two years’ full-time study. An MPhil dissertation is shorter than a PhD thesis, and the programme is often used as preparation for a PhD. For more information about the difference between an MPhil and a PhD, visit this FindaPhD blog. We offer MPhil programmes in the Faculty of Arts and in Social Sciences and Law .

Master of Science by Research (MScR)

An MScR is a research-led masters programme. It enables students to pursue a masters-level degree while having dedicated time for your own research. It is a great option if you are considering a PhD but would like experience of a research-led degree first.

Many MScR degrees can be upgraded to a PhD after one year, depending on funding and performance. MScR programmes are offered in the Faculties of Life Sciences (biomedical) , Engineering , Health Sciences and Science , as well as a cross-faculty MScR in Global Environmental Challenges led by Cabot Institute for the Environment.

Master of Music (MMus)

An MMus involves research defined in advance - normally by the student. MMus degrees typically incorporate composition or performance as a major part of the research process and submission. Full-time MMus students complete in a maximum of two years, with part-time students taking three or four years to complete. MMus programmes are available in the Department of Music within the Faculty of Arts.

International dual PhD

Bristol offers dual PhD opportunities for doctoral students. These lead to separate but linked awards from two partner institutions within a co-supervised research degree programme.

Candidates are registered at the two universities for the full period of their study, write one thesis that is examined independently by each institution, and spend approximately 50% of their programme at each location.

Bristol Doctoral College

‌The Bristol Doctoral College is a home for all postgraduate research students, offering a dedicated research hub, training events and space to socialise.

Be More Empowered (BME) for Success Programme

An initiative that recognises the unique challenges Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic students navigate in postgraduate research.

Part-time programmes

Many programmes can be studied part-time. Check your programme webpage for study options.

International applicants should consider visa requirements as these are not generally issued for part-time study in the UK.

Study at Cambridge

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Please find below a full list of postgraduate courses with their classification (PGR or PGT) and its definition:

According to the Office for Students (OfS), the definition of Postgraduate Research and Postgraduate Taught courses are as follows:

Postgraduate Research (PGR)

Postgraduate research courses are those in which the qualification aim is a research-based higher degree. This is a postgraduate programme comprising a research component (including a requirement to produce original work) which is larger in terms of student effort than any accompanying taught component. The arrangements for assuring and maintaining the academic standards and enhancing the quality of these programmes should be fully compliant with Chapter B11 of the Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education’s ‘UK quality code for higher education’ on postgraduate research programmes.

Postgraduate Taught (PGT) 

Postgraduate taught courses are those that do not meet the requirements to be a research course. Postgraduates include those on graduate conversion courses and all on postgraduate initial teacher training courses such as Postgraduate or Professional Graduate Certificates in Education (PGCEs). 

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Research Degrees

You may consider a research degree as a means of continuing professional development (CPD) as well as a route to an academic career.

Why study for a research degree?

We currently have more than 130 research candidates who form a significant and valuable part of the University’s research community and enrich our research environment.

QMU awards the following higher degree by research:   

• Doctor of Philosophy (PhD): This is a degree awarded solely on the satisfactory completion of a supervised research project. Proposals are accepted in a range of research areas in which the University specialises. We offer the standard route, both a prospective and retrospective publication route, and a creative practice route. 
• Master of Research

Each of our research centres welcomes applications for research in their fields.

Our research identity

QMU is dedicated to improving quality of life and building the evidence-base for policy and practice through world-leading multidisciplinary, translational research and international collaboration. The value of our work is measured by its impact and the social usefulness, practicality and applicability of its outcomes.   

The vitality of our research environment and our commitment to researcher development promotes synergy between teaching, research and knowledge exchange to achieve maximum impact.

We are signatories to the UK Research Concordat and are committed to working with The Vitae Researcher Development Framework and the research supervision practice standards set out by The UK Council for Graduate Education.

The value of our work is measured by its academic, social, cultural and economic impact or usefulness.

Duration of study

Research candidates may register on a full-time or part-time basis. Normal study periods are shown below.

Studentships and scholarships

Many self-funding students have secured scholarships from funding bodies (including employers, foundations and trusts) themselves, and students are recommended to pursue such opportunities rigorously as the number of QMU-funded scholarships is heavily oversubscribed.  Each year QMU offers a small number of PhD studentships, which cover all tuition and bench fees and offer support towards living costs. Applications for studentships will be invited once a year (normally in January) and publicised on our website. Studentships can only be awarded for research proposals in the advertised topics. 

Fees and funding

All other applicants must pay their own fees and living costs, or find an external sponsor to support them. 

Entry qualifications

To apply for a master’s research degree, you should hold, or anticipate gaining, a good honours degree from a UK higher education institution, or a degree from an overseas institution accepted by the University as an equivalent. Applicants without an honours degree may only be considered if they can demonstrate equivalent professional experience in a relevant field. All overseas students must provide evidence of their English language ability. A minimum score of IELTS 6.5 or equivalent, with no element of performance lower than IELTS 6.0, is the entrance requirement for applicants who have not completed a degree taught and assessed in English. You must also produce an outline research proposal that we judge to be feasible and appropriate for the level of study, and that is in a field we can supervise. Finally, you will need to be interviewed. Interviews may take place in person or by telephone. 

Support for research degree students

QMU is a forward-thinking higher education institution with an exciting future. It is a particularly good time to consider study at QMU. With a dedicated team of supervisors for each candidate and specialist training offered in key aspects of academic research, we believe that you will have the best possible chance of success in your studies.  Each candidate is allocated a team of two or three supervisors to provide support and advice. In addition, we provide:

• three doctoral development weeks per year offering various workshops and training opportunities to attend further workshops for training in specific skills;  
• a dedicated research librarian to help you make the most of our library and electronic databases; 
• a network of peer support from other research students in our Graduate School; and
• opportunities to attend research seminars and learn from other experienced researchers, 

How to apply for a doctoral degree

You may apply for either part-time or full-time study. Normally you will be based at QMU. In certain circumstances applications may be considered for non-resident students. Such applications will only be considered where appropriate support can be provided locally and on the understanding that the student will visit Edinburgh at least twice per year to meet with their supervisory team, attend doctoral development weeks, undertake assessment points, including the final viva and connect with the QMU research community. To apply you must complete the online application form and provide the following documents:

• a research proposal  
• a copy of certificates and transcripts for your highest level academic qualifications (normally master’s/undergraduate degree) including official translations into English and if required evidence of English language ability  
• two references, one of which must be academic if you have studied within three years of the start date 

Those applying for PhD by Publication should also include a publication plan and, where appropriate, a list of prior publications, indicating their contribution to each.  We strongly recommend that you make contact with potential supervisors before submitting your application.   

Research proposal

All applicants must provide a proposal. This allows us to check how well you understand the research process and to make sure the topic is in an area we can supervise. 

The research topic must be within the expertise of our staff. The topic must have academic merit and it must be capable of generating new knowledge. Research that is linked to the applicant’s creative work may be considered. 

It is essential that you check whether QMU has any expertise in your chosen field. See our Graduate School webpages for further information on the areas we cover.  The proposal should be approximately 1000 words long. The proposal should: 

• summarise what the research is about and say why it is important, making reference to current literature;  
• identify provisional research questions; and  
• suggest how the questions can be investigated.

Visa information

Since 1 July 2021, international students who have successfully completed a PhD are able to benefit from three years’ work experience in the UK upon graduation, through the new Graduate Route. For more information and everything you need to know about the application process, visit the UK Government’s Graduate Route guide .

More information

Our strategic research centres work at the intersection of conventional disciplinary groupings to create innovative approaches to contemporary societal challenges and public discourse. All centres welcome applications for research degrees. 

The Graduate School

The QMU Graduate School

The Graduate School’s aims are to:

• ensure high quality graduate education 
• maximise the quality of the candidate experience 
• ensure timely research progression and completion rates 
• share good practice on research supervision 
• represent graduate issues within and outside the University
• oversee and continuously review doctoral degree administration   
• maintain a vibrant community of doctoral students that contributes to the University’s research environment 
• grow the doctoral candidate community and seek opportunities for new international business 
• promote an inclusive and interdisciplinary research environment for PhD and Professional Doctorate candidates
• promote collaboration within the University and with external partners

All doctoral candidates are members of the QMU Graduate School. The Graduate School works in partnership with the University’s Division of Governance and Quality Enhancement, the School of Health Sciences, the School of Arts, Social Sciences and Management and a range of support departments in order to support doctoral candidates effectively. 

If you have any general queries regarding the Graduate School, please email the Graduate School or visit the Graduate School webpages   for further information and resources. 

QMU is also a member of the  Scottish Graduate School of Social Science  and a member of the  Scottish Graduate School for Arts and Humanities , both of which provide a high level of support for students.

Our Research Centres

We are particularly interested in research that makes a difference to the lives of persons  who experience health and social care services, as well as those who provide these services. We especially welcome applications for research that involves collaboration with practitioners, policy-makers and other research users in the fields of gerontology, dementia care, public health, acute care and for those persons with long-term conditions and palliative/end-of-life care.

• The sounds of words: this phonetic theme examines the consonants and vowels of speech in fine detail, how they are acquired by children, how their pronunciation is affected by speech disorders, how they are heard and perceived, and how they are formed into words and altered by context, all in the context of cross-linguistic and sociolinguistic variation, and with a view to clinical impact. 
• Communication and discourse: this linguistic theme examines language in all its forms (spoken, signed and written) and in all its grammatical and prosodic complexity. We focus on how language is perceived and expressed, and on how communication and translation are influenced by social, physical and psychological factors. Our impact strategy is influenced by the importance of effective communication in facilitating social cohesion and in people’s access to education, work and services. 
• Innovation in practice: the focus of this theme is the advancement of practice and policy in the professions associated with the division of Speech and Hearing Science: especially Audiology, Speech and Language Therapy, and British Sign Language Interpreting. We also aim to develop and disseminate tools and resources for vocational higher education and for research laboratories, addressing the needs of a range of external partners and stakeholders.

Find out more information on how to apply for a course at QMU.

Research Degrees at QMU

• Master of Research (Business Administration)
• Master of Research (Global Health and Development)
• Master of Research (Psychology)
• Master of Research (Person-Centred Practice)
• Master of Research (Public Administration)
• Master of Research (Rehabilitation Sciences)
• Master of Research (Speech, Language and Hearing)
• Master of Research (Sociology)
• Master of Research (Cultural Leadership)
• Master of Research (Cultural Practice)
• Master of Research (Clinical Science)
• Master of Research (Education)
• Master of Research (Public Sociology)

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• Study Guide

13 July, 2023

5 mins min read

Postgraduate Research course

UK universities offer Postgraduate Research (PGR) courses at both master’s level and doctorate level. A Postgraduate Research (PGR) course qualifies students with a research-based higher degree. A PGR programme comprising a research component (including a requirement to produce original work) which is larger in terms of student effort than any accompanying taught component.

PGR degrees give you the opportunity for more independent study, with the chance to focus on more detailed research or projects. You will receive support and guidance from an expert supervisor throughout the course, but the focus of your programme will be on your own research work.

Usually, a UK Postgraduate Research master’s degree takes 1 year full-time study while a UK Postgraduate Research doctorate degree takes 3 to 4 years full-time study to complete. PGR masters are RQF level 7 while PGR doctorate courses are RQF level 8 qualifications.

Regular intakes at UK universities to study a PGR course are September and January. However, many UK universities have interim intakes and a few universities allow students to start it anytime of the year if an appropriate supervisor is available.

Types of Postgraduate Research (PGR) courses taken by international students include:

• MAD (Master of Arts by Dissertation)
• MPhil (Master of Philosophy)
• MRes (Master of Research)
• MSD (Master of Science by Dissertation)
• MD (Doctor of Medicine)
• MLitt (Master of Letters)
• BusD (Doctor of Business)
• DBA (Doctor of Business Administration)
• DBMS (Doctor of Biomedical Science)
• DSW (Doctor of Social Work)
• DClinPsy (Doctor of Clinical Psychology)
• EdD (Doctor of Education)
• EngD (Doctor of Engineering)
• DHSci (Doctor of Health Science)
• DHSC (Doctor of Health and Social Care)
• DPharm (Doctor of Pharmacy)
• DPhil (Doctor of Philosophy)
• PhD (Doctor of Philosophy)
• DProf (Doctor of Professional Studies)
• DrPH (Doctor of Public Health)
• LLD (Doctor of Laws)
• VetMD (Doctor of Veterinary Medicine)
• Integrated Doctorate (1+3: MPhil + PhD/DPhil)

Study in the UK – Key Information

Academic level Level 7 to Level 8

Qualification type Postgraduate Taught course

Study mode Full-time, part-time or on-line

Duration 1 year to 4 years

Intakes Throughout the year*

Scholarship Yes*

Study in the UK – submit admission inquiry

Why choose total student care (tsc) to study in the uk.

Total Student Care is an award winning education agent and UK university admission expert. We take your stress to make you happy and we are widely known for providing total student care.

• Offering 15,000+ courses at 100+ study locations
• Availing almost any subject and year-round intakes
• Helping students from any country, on-line and off-line
• Providing end-to-end services, almost 24/7
• Maintaining 99% visa success rate
• Equipping 15+ years accumulative admission experience

Most popular postgraduate research degree courses

Postgraduate taught master’s degrees can be studied in host of subject areas, depending on your previous study area and/or work experience. International students most popular choices for master’s course in the UK include:

• African Studies
• Agriculture
• Anthropology
• Arabic & Islamic Studies
• Archaeology
• Architecture
• Arts & Humanities
• Biochemistry
• Business Studies
• Business Administration
• Biological Science
• Biomedical Science
• Cancer Biology
• Child Psychology
• Clinical Psychology
• Computer Science
• Counselling
• Criminology
• Data Science
• Development Studies
• Earth Science
• Engineering
• Environment
• Film Studies
• Food Security
• Gender Studies
• Health Studies
• Health Economics
• History &Cultures
• Global Studies
• Information Security
• International Development
• International Studies
• Law & Legal Studies
• Linguistics
• Management Studies
• Mathematics
• Marine Science
• Media Studies
• Medical Science
• Mental Health
• Microbiology
• Modern Languages
• Molecular Genetics
• Musculoskeletal Biology
• Neurological Science
• Performing Arts
• Public Health
• Social Work
• Sociology and Social Policy
• Speech & Language Therapy
• Sport & Exercise
• Theology & Religion
• War Studies
• Work, Employment & Organisation

Postgraduate Research (PGR) course duration

Most of the universities offer some scholarship ranging from GBP 500 to GBP 5000 which will reduce tuition fee cost.

Postgraduate Research (PGR) course tuition fees

Tuition fees guide for Postgraduate Research (PGR) course in the UK

* Laboratory based courses, bench fees, clinical courses, Russell Group universities etc.

Progression Route

Further Postgraduate Research (PGR) degree, progress to academic career as senior research fellow, associate or professor, senior researcher position, laboratory management position, scientist or research analyst with research councils or organisations

12 main reasons to study a Postgraduate Research (PGR) course in the UK for international students

An undergraduate bachelor degree is your first university degree to become a graduate. The benefits of studying a bachelor degree in the UK include:

• In a research master’s course you can specialise on one topic that interests you most
• A research master’s course will give you a headstart for your doctorate course with detailed insights of your research area
• Research courses will develop your ability to search for, locate, extract, analyse, interpret, review, organise and evaluate data and information methodically
• You will gain investigative, application of logic, critical thinking, analytical techniques, questioning, forming hypotheses, finding solutions transferrable skills
• Research students develop excellent team-working, time maintenance, entrepreneurial, leadership professional and communication soft skills
• You will get to practice ethical issues, originality, accountability, transparency, responsibilities in your work
• With a doctorate degree, you will be entitled to use ‘Dr’ title before your name
• A doctorate degree will make you an elite member of worldwide scholarly community and set professional network hubs for you
• International students will be able to bring their dependants in the UK when studying a research master’s or a doctorate course
• Research students will have great chance to work as research assistants while studying and potential job offer at university after completion
• You will get the right of 2 years graduate visa with a research master’s degree and 3 years with a research doctorate degree
• A research degree will be a valuable passport to enter into highly skilled work visa in the UK and highly demanding jobs internationally

Want to study Postgraduate research course in the UK?

Check your admission eligibility for a postgraduate course in the UK

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)s

Q what is an mad/msd (masters by dissertation) course.

A An MRes is a RQF level 7 Postgraduate Research master’s course and requires to present the results of research carried out during the approved period of study and should demonstrate advanced understanding of the area of study. The course does not have any taught components like regular taught masters. In An MAD/MSD course, you’ll conduct independent research which you will then write up a dissertation, present and defend it in an oral examination, viva voce.

Q What is an MRes (Master by Research) course?

A An MRes is a RQF level 7 Postgraduate Research master’s course and involves undertaking a research project at Master’s level but places more emphasis on research skills than a traditional taught master’s degree. For students who wish to proceed to doctoral research, MRes study can be an excellent preparation for them. In An MRes course, you’ll conduct independent research which you will then write up as a thesis and present in an oral examination - also known as viva voce.

Q What is an MPhil (Master of Philosophy) course?

A An MPhil is a RQF level 7 Postgraduate Research master’s course which is considered as precursor of the PhD. It is normally a full-time one year course, can be studied as a stand-alone course or as part of an integrated doctorate course. In an MPhil course you will need to critically investigate and evaluate an approved topic, write a thesis and then present and defend this thesis by viva voce.

Q What is a PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) course?

A A PhD also known as DPhil is a RQF level 8 Postgraduate Research doctorate course and considered as the highest level of degree that a student can achieve. It is normally a full time three year course in the UK. Students studying for a PhD are required to produce original research that expands the boundaries of knowledge, normally in the form of a thesis, and defend their work before a panel of other experts in the viva voce examination. On completion of a PhD degree, you will be entitled to use ‘Dr’ title before your name.

Q What are DProf (Professional Doctorate) courses?

A Professional Doctorate courses are Postgraduate Research degrees at RQF level 8. These programmes take several different forms, but have in common the integration of professional and academic knowledge in a qualification which, whilst equivalent in status and challenge to a PhD, is designed for those pursuing professional rather than academic careers. In DProf courses, you will require to submit a thesis and defend it in viva voce examination. Like a PhD graduate, you can use ‘Dr’ title once you qualify with a professional doctorate course.

Q What is a PhD by publication?

A A PhD by publication is a postgraduate research degree that's based on research you've already undertaken over a significant period of time (at least five to ten years) and have a number of publications arising from this work which have already been published. As well as submitting the published work, candidates for the PhD by Publication need to prepare a critical analysis of around 15,000 words and to undertake an oral examination (viva) on the critical analysis and the published work. The course is normally a part-time one and are available to faculty members.

Q What is an MD (Doctor of Medicine) course?

A The Doctor of Medicine (MD) is a doctoral degree open to medical graduates and practitioners (technically, anyone holding a medical qualification that meets registration requirements with the General Medical Council). It is usually laboratory-based though it will focus on a specific clinical research topic. It is equivalent in requirements and format to the PhD.

Q What is an Integrated Doctorate course?

A An Integrated Doctorate is a four-year full-time postgraduate research programme. Integrated Doctorates are referred to as ‘New Route’, ‘4 year’ or ‘1+3’ (MPhil + PhD/DPhil) programmes. Unlike stand-alone PhD graduates, Integrated Doctorate students will graduate with two separate qualifications: i) a RQF level 7 MPhil degree and ii) a RQF level 8 PhD/DPhil degree.

Q What documents I may need to apply for a postgraduate research course?

A To apply for a postgraduate research course, you will normally require the following documents including –

• Certificate and official transcripts of your previous degree/s
• English language proficiency certificate
• Details of two referees or two reference letters dated within last 2 years
• A research proposal
• A personal statement
• Up-to-date academic CV
• A portfolio of artwork or samples of your written work (if applicable)
• Published work i.e. book, journal, article etc. (if any)

Q What is a research proposal?

A Your application for PhD and postgraduate research masters courses must be supported by a written proposal for your theses. In the proposal, you should give clear, academically sound, description of the area that you intend to work in and the type of research that you are looking to undertake. The research proposal should describe ‘what’ you will investigate, ‘why’ it is important to investigate those and ‘how’ you will conduct the investigation. This will help universities to understand your interests, assess your ability to successfully complete a PhD or Postgraduate research masters courses and find an appropriate supervisor for you.

As a general guideline, a research proposal should be around 2,000 to 3,000 words that you write to outline the project you want to undertake – it is a concise and coherent summary of your proposed research for your theses.

Your research proposal aims should be centred on –

• Feasibility

Q What should be the format of a research proposal for a successful PhD application?

A There is no formal structure for proposal; as a general guideline you may follow the following structure and suggestions that get positive outcomes –

• A working title
• Introduction
• Literature review
• Key research questions
• Research design and methods
• Significance of the research
• Work plan and timescale
• Bibliography or reference list

Q What should I include in the research design and methodology section of the research proposal?

A The research design and methodology is the most important part of the research proposal. The section should cover answers for questions as outlined below –

Research type

• Are you going to perform qualitative or quantitative research? Combination of both?
• Will you collect original data or work with primary/secondary sources?
• Is your research design descriptive, correlational or experimental? Something completely different?
• If you are undertaking your own study, when and where will you collect the data? How will you select subjects or sources? Ethics review? Exactly what or who will you study?

Research methods

• What tools and procedures will you use (e.g. systematic reviews, surveys, interviews, observation, experiments, bibliographic data) to collect your data?
• What tools/methods will you use to analyse your data?
• Why are these the best methods to answer your research question(s)? This is where you should justify your choices.

Practicalities

• How much time will you need to collect the data?
• How will you gain access to participants and sources?
• Do you foresee any potential obstacles and if so, how will you address them?

Q How are Postgraduate Research (PGR) courses assessed for degree awards?

A The assessment of Postgraduate Research (PGR) courses for degree awards involve –

• Peer review
• Examination of written thesis
• Viva voce examination to discuss and defend the thesis

Q What is the difference between thesis and a dissertation?

A A thesis is the acquisition and dissemination of new knowledge of learned and existing information, while the purpose of a dissertation is to develop a personal unique and original concept in a particular area of research.

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10 Research Universities In The UK

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Table of Content

A research degree is a more advanced course of study that allows you to investigate a topic relevant to your field. Under the supervision of world-class researchers, you will learn and apply advanced methodologies to generate new knowledge and solve problems in your discipline.

The United Kingdom is a global science powerhouse. With so many universities at the forefront of global discoveries and emerging technology, students graduate with insights and experience that are in high demand globally.

The UK continues to be globally recognized for their commitment to building on an extraordinary heritage of discoveries. With nearly 200,000 citable publications in 2020.

8 Top US Research Universities

University College London

UCL is a multifaceted global community of world-class academics, students, industry connections, external partners, and alums. The university’s distinct approach to education and innovation aims to inspire the communities further to change how the world is understood, knowledge is created and shared, and global problems are solved.

University of Edinburgh

The University of Edinburgh is a world-class university, ranked fourth in the UK for research power (Times Higher Education’s REF power ratings), with 90% of the activity classified as world-leading or internationally excellent in the 2021 Research Excellence Framework.

The University of Northumbria at Newcastle

Northumbria University is a modern research-intensive university with a global reputation for academic excellence. They conducted groundbreaking research responsive to the community’s needs in science and technology, health and well-being, economic and social, and arts and culture.

University of Sussex

The University of Sussex has a long history of experimentation and innovation, making a significant difference in the lives of many students and those who benefit from the research and other endeavors. They build on these accomplishments to become a better university dedicated to improving the world.

Top 10 Remarkable UK Universities For Economics Postgraduate Programs

Loughborough University

You will discover how their researchers influence public policy, improve people’s lives, and help businesses and industries compete more successfully. You can search by topic, academic school, established strengths, and interdisciplinary challenges. You can leverage their expertise and collaborate with world-class researchers to achieve your business objectives, including growth, innovation, skill development, and sustainability.

University of Lancaster

Lancaster University researchers share the stories, setbacks, and discoveries behind the headlines in a series of interviews, providing an in-depth look at some genuinely life-changing work at our university.

University of York

From climate change to robotics, the university addresses some of the most pressing environmental, social, and economic challenges confronting our rapidly changing world. By forming positive partnerships and collaborating closely with communities worldwide, they can explore cultural insights, track societal shifts, and deliver effective solutions as populations adapt to economic and global pressures. Their goal is to collaborate on research that will benefit future generations.

University of Exeter

As a Russell Group university, the program has a global impact. They believe in breaking down traditional barriers between academic disciplines so that the university can address the more significant problems of the twenty-first century from both human and physical perspectives. They are constantly looking for new ways to engage with partners to build productive relationships that address some of humanity’s most pressing issues.

Chemical Engineering | Top Careers You Can Explore With A Degree In Chemical Engineering

University of Bath

The program validates an imaging platform developed in collaboration with CTI-Bath that predicts whether a cancer patient will respond well to immunotherapy.

University of East Anglia

The university has been breaking down barriers between students and researchers, the arts and science, and business and social responsibility since 1963. They are redefining what it means to be a university and how it can best prepare you for a future in a rapidly changing world.

If you need further guidance on study options and research universities to apply for your degree or counselling regarding career paths you can explore with your degree, please click here to chat with our counsellors. 

You May Also Like: Who is a Market Research Analyst?

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Types of research degrees

Which is the right research degree for you.

Here at the University of Stirling, we’re all about choice. Our research degrees give you the flexibility and freedom to carry out original quality research, supporting you to solve real-world problems.

See which research degree is right for you and your career ambitions. You can also see a full list of the 50+  PhD subject areas we offer supervision in. 

Master of Philosophy (MPhil) and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

We offer Master of Philosophy (MPhil) and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degrees for students wanting to undertake a defined research project, or a suite of work that culminates in a thesis. An MPhil qualification is typically shorter than a PhD, but is completed to the same academic quality. Students often complete an MPhil degree within two years, and three to four years for a PhD.

To achieve the award of MPhil or PhD, students must demonstrate their ability to apply appropriate research methods to a specialist topic or question, and display a critical understanding of the key issues and debates in their chosen field. The thesis may contain, or be the basis for, published peer-reviewed papers, and students will have the opportunity to publish during and after their degree.

Students undertaking these degrees will also be expected to complete a viva voce (oral examination), where they must present their work in front of a panel of experts and justify why their thesis makes a valuable contribution to the field.

Professional Doctorates

A Professional Doctorate is a qualification that integrates professional and academic knowledge. It’s designed for professionals who want to focus on a particular area in their field, and make a contribution to theory and practice through further study. Courses comprise a taught element in the first year, followed by a significant period of independent research.

Professional Doctorates often take full-time students three to four years to complete, or six to eight years part-time.

These courses are generally delivered on a part-time basis to better suit working professionals, but in some cases, full-time courses may be available.

We offer a number of professional doctorates:

• Doctor of Applied Social Research (DASR)
• Doctor of Midwifery
• Doctor of Nursing
• Doctor of Professional Health Studies
• Doctor of Education (EdD)
• Doctor of Diplomacy (DDipl)
• Professional Doctorate Health Psychology (DPsych)
• Professional Doctorate Data Science
• TESOL Research

Why Stirling for postgraduate research?

Our aim is simple. We want our research to change lives and tackle the global issues of our time.

How to apply

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If you have any questions about Postgraduate Research at Stirling, please contact us.

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• Research Degree Opportunities

Use the search facility below or click here to find current PhD opportunities. Check individual adverts for funding status details, application process and application deadlines before applying. Start your application here.

Postgraduate research degrees.

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Research at Northumbria

We Are Global

Living in the 21st Century, the world is getting smaller and becoming more connected every day. At Northumbria University we recognise and respond to this fast paced, dynamic world and are operating on a global scale more than ever before.

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Masters by Research Social Work

An honours degree (normally at least 2:1 or above) in an appropriate discipline.

IELTS entry requirement is normally 6.5, TOEFL 550 (213 CBT) or equivalent for overseas students.

If your proposed research will involve assessment or treatment elements with patients, you will need to be registered with the appropriate body.

About the course

A University of Hertfordshire research degree is an internationally recognised degree signifying high levels of achievement in research. It develops extensive subject expertise and independent research skills which are honed over an extended period, depending on the level of the award. You would undertake a substantial, original research project for the duration of the degree, under the supervision and guidance of two or more academic members of staff. Your supervisory team provides guidance both in the selection of a research topic and in the conduct of the research. You are also supported by attendance at postgraduate seminar series to develop subject specific knowledge and research skills relevant to your field of research. The degree is assessed solely on the basis of the final research output, in the form of a substantial written thesis which must be "defended" in a viva. During the course of the degree, you would be given opportunities to present your work at major conferences and in refereed research publications.

How to apply

To apply for a Masters by Research at the University of Hertfordshire you should have a specific developed area of focus. It is recommended that you have an established track record/experience in your desired area to support your application. The quality of your research proposal, your suitability for pursuing higher research and our capacity to supervise the chosen topic are the principal criteria for admission.

Before you apply please contact our research lead Dr Rosemary Godbold  to discuss your research proposal. You will need to submit a written research proposal and personal statement to the Doctoral College but informal discussion before a formal application is strongly encouraged.

Teaching methods

A Masters by Research is a not a taught course. Students are expected to initiate their learning and development through seeking out opportunities provided by the University. Your supervisors will assist and support you throughout your time with us.

The programme can be undertaken on a full or part time basis and we endeavour to provide a fully supportive research and learning environment with flexible supervision to enhance your experience and help you to make the most of your research learning time with us.

Your supervision team will have both subject expertise and PhD supervision experience.

What’s next for my career?

By undertaking a Masters by Research at the University of Hertfordshire you will gain: 

• An internationally recognised research qualification.
• Developing advanced subject expertise at postgraduate level.
• Develop research skills through practice and extensive research experience.
• Employers are looking for high calibre graduates with advanced skills who can demonstrate independence through research.

Course fees

• Research degree fees for UK and EU students
• Research degree fees for international students

#UHClearing

Master by Research

Suitable for applications.

Master by Research (MRes) is a one-year research-focused postgraduate programme delivered at the  Institute of Cancer Therapeutics  and Faculty of Life Sciences. It provides training for working as a professional scientist, or in preparation for a PhD. The programme recently introduced an industrial placement element where you can spend part or all of your training in an industrial setting.

Please note: The following specialisms are no longer available to new applicants:

• MRes Cancer Pharmacology
• MRes Drug Toxicology and Safety Pharmacology
• MRes Molecular and Cell Biology
• MRes Chemical Biology
• MRes Pharmaceutical Technology

MRes Cancer Drug Discovery has been renamed MRes Drug Development.  

Entry requirements

To be admitted to the programme, applicants must have an undergraduate Honours qualification (minimum 2: 1) or equivalent in a scientific discipline, usually within chemistry, biology, pharmacy, biomedicine, or related fields. Candidates with a 2:2 or equivalent degree who can show relevant experience will also be considered.

For North American students a GPA of normally 2.5 and above (on a scale of 4.0), or an equivalent, is required.

Entry to this programme requires a pass at A-level Chemistry OR having taken an undergraduate module in a relevant chemical subject.

English language requirements

If your native language is not English, or the official language of your first degree is not English, you will need to pass a test in English approved by the University before you can be admitted. The International English Language Testing System test (IELTS) administered by the British Council is the test which is preferred by the University.

You will need to achieve an overall score of at least 6.0, with at least 5.5 in each of the four sub-tests (speaking, listening, reading, writing). Testing facilities are available at most British Council overseas offices. When you take the test, you should ask for a copy of your Test Report Form to be sent to the University.

Alternative English language tests include:

• The Pearson Test of English Academic (PTE-A), for which you will need to achieve an overall score of at least 55, with at least 51 in each of the four sub-tests
• TOEFL, for which you will need to score at least 80 on the internet-based test, with sub-tests not less than Speaking 20, Listening 17, Reading 18, Writing 17

If you do not meet the IELTS requirement, you can take a University of Bradford pre-sessional English course. See the Language Centre for more details.

If you do not meet the IELTS requirement, and you have a UKVI approved IELTS, you can take a University of Bradford pre-sessional English course. See the Language Centre for more details . For further information on English Language requirements please see the dedicated international entry requirements page .

Fees, finance and scholarships

Tuition fee 2024.

• Home: £9,462
• International: £24,180

Additional costs

There may be additional costs that you may incur as a student. Though these are not essential to your programme of study you need to be aware of them as a student of the University. A list of the sort of costs you might expect can be found on our fees and finance section.

Financial support

See our fees and financial support section.

Scholarships

Every year we award numerous non-repayable scholarships to UK, EU and international students on the basis of academic excellence, personal circumstances or economic hardship. For full details, visit our  scholarships  section.

How to apply

Taught Masters (MSc) vs Research Masters (MRes)- How to Choose the Right Masters in UK

• April 28, 2022
• Parents Must Read , Study Abroad

Students completing their under-graduation and exploring options before them for their Masters in the UK need to be aware of two variants that exit there. This is more pertinent for students studying science subjects even though the option exists for other students too. The first is the most obvious one MSc known as “Taught Masters” and the other one is MRes called “Research Masters”. What are the differences in terms of Curriculum, Eligibility, Fees, and Job Prospects you may ask? Here we are going to discuss them and also dwell on the points you must consider while choosing whether to pursue MSc or MRes.

Masters Degree in the UK

A Masters’ degree is a stage that lies between Bachelors’ (BSc) degree and Doctorate (PhD) degree. In this stage, one gets an opportunity to specialize in a chosen field and helps one to stand out in a competitive job market. A Master of Science (MSc) is usually awarded in sciences, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines, and social sciences. However, it can be awarded in other subjects, for example in arts or humanities programs that include lots of quantitative analysis and technical expertise.

Research Masters (MRes) vs Taught Masters (MSc)

Msc vs mres: curriculum.

A Master of Research (MRes), is a research-based postgraduate degree. It can be awarded in any academic discipline that offers enough scope for research training. The main difference between MSc and MRes, however, is how the programs are delivered.

In MSc one has a higher content of taught modules, a rough estimate would be two-thirds of the entire content. The remaining one-third is the final research or dissertation. In the case of MRes, the ratio is reversed i.e., one third is taught module and the remaining two-third comprises the research project.

Read How to Choose a Master’s Dissertation (Thesis) Topic to Improve Job Prospects in the UK .

MSc vs MRes: Who is it for?

A taught master’s is more of an extension of an undergraduate course. Here, the focus is on multiple assessments, assignments, and modules for the students. These degrees require the student to complete a dissertation or research project before they graduate.

In the case of research masters, you don’t need to pick multiple modules and take assessments for them. Usually, you’ll have a basic introductory module to get hang of the basics, but thereafter it will be focused on your work, and there are no timetables as such. Throughout the degree, you’ll primarily focus on your research projects and carry out different studies to achieve your objectives.

MSc vs MRes: Eligibility

The academic eligibility to join either is the same i.e., successfully completed an undergraduate degree but the application process is different. In the case of MSc, it requires you to have relevant interest and some work in the particular field.

For a research master’s, you will first need to draft a research proposal. In the proposal, you should lay out the main research question that you want to be answered in the degree. In addition to this, you have to pitch for your selection to perform the research and show high knowledge and information regarding the subject. 

MSc vs MRes: Fees

In the UK the fees for undergraduate courses are subject to a cap. But the cost of UK Masters programs is set by the universities themselves. This means that degrees in the same subject can cost more or less than others. The MSc courses require more of the University’s infrastructure and faculty time and hence the fees are higher.

The average course fee for an MSc degree for an international student is GBP 20,000 and the MRes is significantly lower at an average of GBP 10,000.  Given here below is a table of fees based on the 2021-22 Reddin Survey of UK postgraduate fees , published by the Complete University Guide, as well as additional research and calculation by FindAMasters. The figures given are broad averages only and will not necessarily reflect fees for specific courses.

MSc vs MRes: Career and Job Prospects

Both MSc and MRes degrees are highly regarded by potential employers, so which one you choose to do really depends on program availability in your chosen field and your career plans. If you want to go on to a Ph.D. and pursue a career in research it’s more common to complete an MRes, but that’s not to say an MSc won’t prepare you for a PhD – it’s still a strong entry route and you’ll gain the specialist skills and knowledge you need.

Where an MRes tips the scales if you’re going on to PhD study, is in the more extensive research training it offers. Because of the research experience, you’ll gain, it also might give you more of a taste of what a PhD or a research career would be like, allowing you to work out if that is the right path for you. The other point that you must be mindful of is that MSc gives you more opportunity to socialize with teachers and fellow classmates and MRes has limited scope in this regard. 

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