can you skip a master's degree and get a phd

• Majors & Careers
• Online Grad School
• Preparing For Grad School
• Student Life

Do You Need a Master’s to Get a PhD? Not Necessarily

If you’re thinking about becoming an expert in your field by getting a PhD, you might already know how long the road ahead of you may be. Many people dream of getting a PhD, but they often get put off by the time commitment and cost involved before they can even get started.

After all, PhDs can take anywhere from 3 to 8 years  to finish — and in some cases, even more. Getting a PhD can be quite a difficult endeavor for people who have jobs , families, and other financial responsibilities to balance along the way.

If you want that coveted PhD without compromising your other responsibilities, you might find yourself asking, “do you need a master’s to get a PhD?”

The short answer is: not necessarily .

Although the traditional route to a PhD often involves getting a master’s degree first, many direct to PhD programs allow academics to skip an MA altogether. Even those with bachelor’s degrees have a decent chance at getting into a PhD program. However, going directly for a doctorate still has its advantages and disadvantages.

Table of Contents

How to Get a PhD Without a Master’s Degree

The minimum requirement to be considered for a PhD is a bachelor’s degree, but your chances of getting accepted will depend on how well you tender your application .

Educational institutions won’t freely advertise that they offer doctorates without master’s degrees. It becomes your task to look into the core beliefs of the universities you’re interested in to see whether you have a chance at success.

When putting together your application, you’ll have to check the universities’ requirements to ensure that your previous academic performance qualifies. The better your qualifications and recommendation letters are, the higher your chances of being considered.

Of course, you may be able to eliminate many of your troubles by going the direct to PhD route, which takes you from undergrad straight into a doctorate program.

PhD Without a Master’s – How Does it Work?

PhD programs that consider candidates who don’t already have a master’s will expect you to have at least a bachelor’s degree.

The expectation can vary depending on the doctorate, but the bare minimum requirement is generally:

A three-year undergraduate degree in a related discipline for STEM PhDs

A relevant four-year undergraduate degree for PhDs in the arts and humanities.

To be considered for a PhD without a master’s, you’ll also need to have a strong academic record from your undergraduate studies. Universities are highly selective when admitting PhD candidates without master’s, so you’ll need to show academic transcripts with a high GPA.

The first way you can study a PhD without a master’s is by applying to a program that allows a direct route from bachelor’s to PhD. There are a number of doctoral programs, especially online ones, that only require you to have an undergraduate degree to apply. Be aware that even if a master’s is not required, you’ll need to submit a strong application, including a compelling research proposal, in order to stand out from other applicants, many of whom may have master’s degrees.

Even if the program normally requires a master’s as a prerequisite, you may be able to get around this by first pursuing an MPhil. Under this process, you’re given a year to prepare a thesis, which outlines your initial research and how you plan to expand on it for a full PhD dissertation. If successful, your MPhil will be upgraded to a doctorate, you’ll become a PhD candidate, and eventually be able to earn a PhD. If you don’t demonstrate strong enough research skills, you may also pass and be awarded an MPhil degree, but won’t be upgraded to a PhD student.

Another option would be to pursue an integrated PhD program, sometimes known as an integrated master’s degree. These are specific courses offered by some colleges that combine a master’s and PhD: if you’re successful, at the end of the course you’ll be awarded both qualifications. Typically, integrated PhD programs last for four years, covering a one-year master’s and a three-year PhD.

How Long Does it Take to Get a PhD Without a Master’s?

Studying a PhD program without a master’s will typically add an extra year to the usual timeline , as you’ll need to spend an additional year either completing an MPhil or as part of an integrated PhD program. Therefore, as most doctorates take three to five years to complete, a PhD without a master’s will usually take between four and six years.

On the other hand, if you choose a PhD program that only requires a bachelor’s degree to join, it will only take the standard length of time for that program, usually three to five years.

Which Universities Offer PhDs Without a Master’s?

Unfortunately, most universities don’t advertise PhD programs without master’s, as candidates are generally accepted on a case-by-case basis. Furthermore, admission requirements for PhD programs are usually set by the school or department, so even if one PhD program accepts candidates without master’s degrees, this may not be the case across the university.

If you want to pursue a PhD without a master’s, you’ll need to contact the admissions committee of the programs you’re interested in, and check their requirements.

Is it Possible to Get a PhD Without a Bachelor’s Degree?

It is not impossible to get a PhD without first having a bachelor’s degree, but it is very uncommon. In some rare cases, universities may accept candidates for doctoral programs with extensive professional experience in lieu of an undergraduate qualification.

If you’re able to demonstrate significant contributions to your field through either work or self-directed study, and that you’ve directly contributed new knowledge to the discipline, you may be accepted into a PhD program. You’ll be more likely to be accepted if you’ve been published, preferably multiple times, and have a number of professional accreditations.

Advantages of Going Straight to PhD

The biggest advantage of bypassing a master’s degree is easily the amount of time and money you can save in the process.

An MA can take as short as a year or as long as three to obtain. And when doctorates usually take anywhere from 5-7 years, shaving 1-3 years off can make a huge difference — especially for busy people who want to get ahead in their careers quickly.

Of course, you also won’t need to pay thousands of dollars in tuition fees for an MA. These savings alone are usually enough to convince many people to go for a PhD without master’s degrees slowing them down along the way.

Other benefits you may encounter are:

• Grants and Stipends – Another advantage of joining a direct-entry doctorate program is the possibility of obtaining outside funding (if you qualify). Many PhD programs offer students financial assistance in the form of partial funding or full tuition waivers. If you can benefit from financial aid, you might be glad to know that some programs also offer stipends on top of the tuition grants.
• Research Projects  – As a doctoral candidate, you might want to start or join certain research projects that may be time-sensitive. In cases like these, it’s usually advisable to go directly for PhDs to increase your chances of securing your dream project. If the project you’re looking at is a long-term endeavor, a doctoral program may also be the best route to allow for more in-depth fieldwork and experiments during your studies.
• Less Stress and Hassle  – Choosing not to go for a master’s degree might help eliminate stress and hassle, such as school applications and potential relocations. Going direct to PhD means you’ll likely only need to move once (if at all) to your chosen school’s area.

Disadvantages of Skipping a Master’s Degree

Although the answer to the question “can you get a PhD without a master’s?” is a resounding yes, it doesn’t always mean that it’s the right choice for everyone.

Going from undergraduate studies straight into a PhD program can be quite a huge adjustment. The program might suddenly expect you to get familiar with new techniques, work, and professional relationships — and fast!

This adjustment period may put you at a disadvantage compared to other doctorate candidates who have previously completed a master’s degree.

Other hindrances you might encounter are:

• Difficulty During Applications Process  – PhD programs are competitive and often only take the best-qualified applicants. If you’re competing with other students who have master’s degrees, it may affect your chances of securing a spot. However, if you go for a direct to PhD program  (undergraduate straight into PhD), it may be possible to avoid this problem.
• Less Experience in Research and Dissertation Work  – A thesis or dissertation is a major requirement of completing a master’s degree. Skipping an MA means you’re missing out on all of the experience you’d otherwise get in research and fieldwork. You’ll also have less experience actually writing a dissertation.
• Less Time to Confirm Your Interests  – Working on your master’s thesis will allow you to select a topic that interests you. You usually spend about a year working on your thesis, during which you can explore the topic further to confirm whether it’s really what you want to go into. By skipping the MA, you’re potentially giving up the chance to verify if the field truly interests you before you fully commit to it for the duration of your PhD. Going straight into a doctoral program may also mean that you miss out on the chance to choose your own topic and create your own research proposal.
• Missing the Opportunity to Work with a Thesis Supervisor – When doing a master’s degree, postgraduate students work with a thesis supervisor who provides guidance and advice for their projects. Going direct to PhD means you miss out on the experience of working with a supervisor and finding the right types of communication, schedules, and professional relationships for your needs. This means you’ll have to figure all of this out during your doctorate program, which can add to your stress.

So Can you Get a PhD  Without a Master’s? Yes, But Not Always

You don’t necessarily need a master’s in order to pursue a PhD. Some PhD programs accept candidates with a bachelor’s degree only, or you may be able to get around a master’s prerequisite by signing up for a MPhil or an integrated PhD program.

The “ideal” doctorate program doesn’t come along often. If you find yourself faced with a choice between pursuing a master’s degree  or trying to get into your dream doctoral program, you might want to skip the master’s degree altogether.

Although you may miss out on an MA qualification, often, a finished PhD supersedes the need for one anyway.

Getting a PhD without a master’s degree can be difficult, but it’s certainly not impossible! For more inspiration, take a look at our guides to the highest-paying PhD degrees  and the best one-year online PhD programs .

Frequently Asked Questions

Can you skip a master’s and get a phd.

Yes, there are a few ways you may be able to get into a PhD program without completing a master’s first. You could opt for a PhD program that doesn’t require master’s as a prerequisite, or go for a MPhil or integrated PhD program. However, keep in mind that not all universities or programs allow you to apply for a PhD without a master’s.

Can I apply for a PhD after my bachelor’s?

In some cases, you can apply to a PhD program as soon as you’ve finished your undergraduate degree. Some doctoral programs accept candidates with a bachelor’s degree only, though you’ll probably need to have an excellent academic record and a strong research proposal.

Is a PhD better than a master’s?

PhD and master’s degrees are valuable in different ways, so it’s not really fair to say that a PhD is better than a master’s. Although a PhD is a more advanced degree, there are roles and professions that would prefer you to have a master’s rather than a PhD. Master’s programs usually have a more practical, real-world focus, which can be more useful  for many roles in the business, non-profit, and government sectors. On the other hand, a PhD is strongly rooted in in-depth research, so prepares candidates to work in research and academia.

Lisa Marlin

Lisa is a full-time writer specializing in career advice, further education, and personal development. She works from all over the world, and when not writing you'll find her hiking, practicing yoga, or enjoying a glass of Malbec.

• Lisa Marlin https://blog.thegradcafe.com/author/lisa-marlin/ 12 Best Laptops for Computer Science Students
• Lisa Marlin https://blog.thegradcafe.com/author/lisa-marlin/ ACBSP Vs AACSB: Which Business Program Accreditations is Better?
• Lisa Marlin https://blog.thegradcafe.com/author/lisa-marlin/ BA vs BS: What You Need to Know [2024 Guide]
• Lisa Marlin https://blog.thegradcafe.com/author/lisa-marlin/ The 19 Best MBA Scholarships to Apply for [2024-2025]

How Long Does it Take to Get GRE Scores?

How many grad schools should i apply to in 2024-2024, related posts.

• The Best Academic Planners for 2024/2025

12 Best Laptops for Computer Science Students

Is a Master’s Degree Worth It? [2024 Guide]

BA vs BS: What You Need to Know [2024 Guide]

Dissertation vs Thesis: Your 2024 Guide

How To Apply to Grad School: Ultimate 2024 Guide

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Recent Posts

• Computer Science Graduate Admission Trends: Annual Results
• Experience Paradox: Entry-Level Jobs Demand Years in Field
• Grad Trends: Interest in Artificial Intelligence Surges
• Breaking Records: Yale Sees Most Selective Grad Admissions Season Yet

© 2024 TheGradCafe.com All rights reserved

• Partner With Us
• Results Search
• Submit Your Results
• Write For Us

• Graduate School

Is it Possible to Get a PhD Without a Master’s Degree?

Featured Expert: Dr. Abha Sood, PhD

Do you need a master’s to a get a PhD? No! A master’s degree is not a universal requirement for all PhD programs, and there are some types of programs which waive the master’s degree. If you’re interested in how to get a PhD but you want to shorten the time it takes to graduate, you do have options. While they are not numerous, there are excellent, accredited PhD programs in almost every field which do not require a master’s degree. In this blog, learn how you can get a PhD without a master’s, what your program options are and what you need to do to get accepted.

>> Want us to help you get accepted? Schedule a free strategy call here . <<

Listen to the blog!

Article Contents 9 min read

Do you need a master’s to get a phd.

The short answer: No . It is possible to get a PhD without a master’s degree, as there are programs which accept applicants who have not completed a master’s degree first.

We’ll explore these in more detail below, but first we’ll look at whether a PhD is the right path for you and why you might want to skip the master’s.

If you’re weighing your options for graduate school and deciding between a master’s or PhD , you’re probably wondering which one is the best choice for you and how to complete your studies in the fastest way possible. If your end goal is a PhD, you might be looking at a very long educational commitment. How long does it take to get a PhD? On average, 4-7 years, and this timeline doesn’t include the time it takes to get a master’s degree, another 1 or 2 years.

Chances are, you’ve finished 4 years of an undergraduate degree or you’re still earning your bachelor’s degree and thinking ahead a few years. The idea of 5+ more years of schooling can be a little intimidating, so you may be wondering how to get a PhD without a master’s.

There are few different types of PhD programs that do not require a master’s degree first. Note that all of these programs DO require a complete bachelor’s degree to apply! We’ll explain what your options are for completing a PhD without a master’s below.

1. Direct Entry PhD Programs

Direct Entry PhD programs allow students with a Bachelor’s degree to apply directly for a PhD in their field, without first completing a master’s degree. They are typically 4-5 years long, so they are appealing for students who want to earn a graduate degree and shave a few years off their timeline to graduation. Many of the top colleges in the US and the universities in Canada offer these types of programs. However, these programs are far from the easiest PhD programs to get into ! They are quite competitive and require specific admission requirements you’ll need to meet in order to be considered.

2. Online PhD Programs

Online PhD programs are growing in both number and popularity. Online PhD programs offer students greater flexibility while also shortening the time it takes to get a PhD. Most online PhD programs are between 2 and 3 years, although there are 4-year programs and even 1-year online PhD programs out there. Depending on your area of study, an online PhD may not be an option, but there are fully accredited options out there. And, some online PhD programs don’t require a master’s degree.

Curious about whether a Master’s or PhD is right for you? Check out this video:

Direct Entry PhD Programs

Direct entry PhD programs can be a great option for students who want to jump straight from a bachelor’s degree to a PhD. This type of program is available in almost all disciplines, including business, computer science, education and nursing. These are also sometimes called accelerated PhD programs, designed to be 4-5 years and on your way to graduation sooner. As long as you meet all the admission requirements, you can apply to direct entry PhD programs without a master’s degree.

Universities with Direct Entry PhD Programs

Here are a few examples of top universities with direct entry PhD programs. This is not an exhaustive list, as there are many similar programs across the US and Canada!

Pros and Cons of Direct Entry PhD Programs

Since direct entry PhD programs accept students with a bachelor\u2019s degree only, the admission standards are naturally a little higher. Your academic record needs to be above average, and the minimum GPA to apply is usually 3.0 or even higher in some cases. On top of a stellar GPA, you also need to write the GRE, complete an application package and demonstrate you are ready for intense graduate level study without having completed a master\u2019s degree. ","label":"Cons","title":"Cons"}]" code="tab1" template="BlogArticle">

Admission Requirements for Direct Entry PhD Programs

Along with the usual PhD admission requirements, direct entry PhD programs may only admit students with only a bachelor’s degree if they demonstrate exceptional academic ability and extensive prior research experience. Here are some of the additional requirements you can expect for direct entry PhD programs:

• 4-year undergraduate degree (minimum GPA may be required)
• GRE (or GMAT, program-dependent)
• Research Experience
• Previous publications
• Excellent letters of recommendation
• Letter of Intent
• Research interest statement
• Grad school career goals statement
• Research Proposal
• Grad school interview

There are dozens of different online PhD programs out there, ranging from 1 to 4 years long. The length of time it takes to complete an online PhD program depends on the discipline. Online PhD programs are more common in fields like nursing, health sciences, business, education, criminology, engineering and computer science, though there are many more.

Many online PhD programs also have a hybrid learning option, where students can learn both online and in-person at the university. This gives you a little more flexibility and allows you to get the best of both worlds from an online PhD and a traditional one.

Online PhDs are also a good option if you want to do a PhD without dissertation or thesis, since a few of them don’t require it.

Universities with Online PhD Programs

Here’s a short list of universities that offer online PhD programs, but keep in mind there are many more out there.

Pros and Cons of Online PhD Programs

Lack of funding and networking : 100% online programs of course, lack the opportunities for in-person interaction and have fewer opportunities for professional networking in your field. There\u2019s also fewer funding options for online PhDs, if the program is not fully funded. ","label":"Cons","title":"Cons"}]" code="tab2" template="BlogArticle">

Admission Requirements for Online PhD Programs

Online PhD programs, or hybrid programs, will have the same admission requirements as most graduate school programs. On top of these, you will typically need a GPA of 3.0 and above, and you may need to complete specific prerequisite coursework.

The specific admission requirements will vary a little by program, but in general there won’t be anything unexpected.

If you’re thinking of applying to a PhD without a master’s degree, there are pros and cons to this decision. You may be wondering if not having a master’s degree will hurt your chances of getting accepted to a PhD program, or if it affects your chances of finding a job after graduate school.

While you can certainly choose to skip the master’s and still achieve your career goals with a PhD only, you should carefully consider your decision before you start applying to be sure it’s the right path for you.

Before you dive into PhD applications, consider the following things:

1. A PhD might not be necessary

Earning a PhD might not actually be necessary or especially helpful to achieving your career goals. A PhD is a research-focused, academic pursuit, so if your aim is to transition from academia to industry or find an industry job after a PhD , you might benefit more from earning years of work experience rather than years of education. There is always a possibility to pursue a PhD after a few years of working in your field if you change your mind.

In other cases, a master’s degree might give you the better mix of education and skill to achieve your career goals. And, a master’s degree is shorter and less expensive than a PhD, not to mention less competitive to get into.

On the other hand, if you are a true academic and want to find a job in academia , fast-tracking your PhD is a good way to do so!

2. A Master’s degree can give you a competitive edge

Having a master’s degree can actually give you a competitive edge for getting into some PhD programs. For example, even a direct entry PhD program that considers exceptional undergraduate students might give preference to a student with a full master’s degree if there is limited space in a program. Not to mention, not all PhD programs accept you without a master’s degree, and the ones that don’t require one will be more challenging to get into.

Completing your master’s first can also give you better and more funding opportunities for your PhD, if your program is not fully funded, since some scholarships and loans are only open to current graduate students.

3. A PhD is a huge commitment

Getting your PhD is a huge commitment of both your time and money, so you need to be certain it is the right choice for you before you put in the effort of applying and completing a program. Jumping from a bachelor’s right into an advanced graduate program is a big shift in the level of academic rigor and expectations, and not every student will be prepared for it.

Undergraduate students normally will not have the research experience or professional skillset that you would develop throughout the course of a master’s program. So the adjustment to a PhD program may prove to be too big a gap.

A master’s program is a sort of test-drive for graduate school study, introducing you to a higher level of education, research and learning. It’s also shorter and less expensive. So, you may not lose a much from changing your mind and dropping out of a master’s program as you will dropping out of a PhD.

Keep in mind that if you want to pursue advanced study in a new field or change jobs after working as an undergraduate, it will be difficult to find a PhD program that will accept you without a master’s degree.

Do you need a master’s to get a PhD? No, it is not strictly necessary. However, there are some advantages to earning your master’s degree first, and the path from bachelor’s straight to PhD is a little more challenging.

For those who are willing to commit and put in the hard work, the benefits of fast-tracking your PhD are definitely worth it, but you should carefully explore all your options and be sure of what requirements you need to meet first.

No. It is possible to get a PhD without a master’s degree. Some PhD programs accept exceptional students with a bachelor’s degree or allow you to earn a master’s and PhD in a combined, accelerated program.

While it is possible to skip your master’s and go straight to a PhD, you should consider what the options are, what the admission requirements are and whether graduate school is the right choice for you. Earning a PhD is a big commitment, so you need to be sure it’s a worthy pursuit!

Yes, direct entry PhD programs are highly competitive and the admission standards are usually quite high. These types of programs usually accept exceptional students who stand out from the crowd.

The shortest PhD programs are 1-year online degrees. While there are not many available, it is possible to earn a PhD in select fields, completely online, in around 12 to 18-months.

Traditional PhDs take between 4-8 years to complete. Direct entry PhD programs are usually 4-5 years, and online or hybrid PhDs can be between 2-3 years. 

Yes, there are dual degree programs that allow you to earn a master’s alongside a PhD, shortening the traditional timeline and saving a bit on tuition costs. 

A master’s degree is a graduate program that focuses on teaching you practical, career-related skills and knowledge. It’s designed for you to learn more advanced skills in your field so you can potentially increase your earnings in the workforce and pursue higher-level positions. A PhD is a heavily research-focused graduate degree. PhD students contribute new knowledge to their field through critical research and writing. 

It can be tough to decide whether to stop at a master’s degree or go forward and pursue a PhD. The decision will come down to your personal choice, the requirements for your chosen career or position, your budget, timeline, and whether you feel you can and want to commit to extensive graduate studies.

Want more free tips? Subscribe to our channels for more free and useful content!

Apple Podcasts

Like our blog? Write for us ! >>

Have a question ask our admissions experts below and we'll answer your questions, get started now.

Talk to one of our admissions experts

Our site uses cookies. By using our website, you agree with our cookie policy .

FREE Training Webinar:

How to make your grad school application stand out, (and avoid the top 5 mistakes that get most rejected).

Time Sensitive. Limited Spots Available:

We guarantee you'll get into grad school or you don't pay.

Swipe up to see a great offer!

Can You Get a PhD without a Masters?

• Applying to a PhD

Yes, it’s possible to get a PhD without first having a Masters degree.

The conventional route for someone who earns a PhD is to pursue a Bachelor’s degree, followed by a Masters degree and then a PhD. However, several students opt to bypass a Master’s degree by enrolling onto a doctoral programme as soon as they complete their undergraduate degree.

Before we discuss how this can be done, it is worth mentioning the advantages and disadvantages of this route.

Advantages of Applying to a PhD without A Masters

The motivations for undertaking a PhD immediately after an undergraduate course are largely in saving money and time. This is because you will essentially eliminate a year of study. Another advantage of immediately enrolling onto a doctorate degree is project availability. If you find a project that you’re really interested in, it’s unlikely that it will still be available in a years’ time. Therefore, bypassing a Masters and enrolling directly into a PhD will increase your chances of securing the research project before it becomes unavailable.

Disadvantages of Applying to a PhD without A Masters

Although a Masters degree will add a year onto your academic journey, it can be incredibility helpful for your development and can help prepare you for a doctoral degree.

Not having a Master’s degree may prove to be a hindrance during your application process. This is because many other students will also apply to the same research projects, and it’s likely that the majority will hold a Masters. This will put you at a disadvantage to them.

Besides this, the dissertation project you’ll be required to undertake on a Master’s programme will provide you with a taste of what it is like to work on a research-based project. In addition to this, it’s likely that you’ll be able to select your own dissertation topic. As such, you can explore a specific field you’re interested in in further detail. This is a great way to confirm that both research-based work and the specific field you’re interested in are right for you before committing the next few years to it via a PhD.

Another advantage to the dissertation project associated with a Masters degree is the opportunity it provides you with to work closely with a project supervisor. This will help you understand the PhD student-supervisor relationship and communication frequency that works best for you. You can then use this knowledge to find supervisors who would compliment you when it comes time to find a PhD project to apply to. For tips on how to find a great PhD supervisor, check out our supervisor guide .

PhD without a Masters – How Does It Work?

To be considered for a PhD without a Master’s, at a minimum you will be expected to have a Bachelors degree. For students looking to enrol onto a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths) PhD, a relevant Bachelors in a 3-year undergraduate course is usually expected. However, this is not the case for students looking to apply to non-STEM PhDs. Rather, students looking to apply to doctorates in subjects such as those surrounding Arts and Humanities are usually expected to have a relevant Bachelors from a 4-year course.

In addition to this, you will need to have demonstrated strong academic performance during your undergraduate course. This means that your Bachelors will need to be at least a UK Upper Second-Class Honours (2.1) for nearly all institutions to consider you.

Should you be accepted into a PhD programme without a Masters, the usual process will be to first register you as an MPhil student. You will then have a year to prepare and submit a thesis. Your thesis will need to detail the research you have carried out within that year and outline how you intend to continue it into a full PhD study. There are three outcomes of this MPhil thesis review:

• Failure and you’re not awarded anything.
• You pass, however, the supervisor doesn’t believe you’ve demonstrated strong research skills. You’re awarded an MPhil but they do not upgrade your course to a PhD programme.
• You pass and the supervisor believes you have proven yourself as a capable researcher. Your course is upgraded to a PhD as opposed to you being awarding an MPhil.

For more information on these outcomes, read the outcomes section of our PhD Viva guide .

Integrated PhD

Some universities offer Integrated PhD degree programmes (also known as an Integrated Masters degree). These are four-year programmes comprising of a one-year Masters degree immediately followed by a three-year PhD degree. These can prove a great option for graduate students who are looking to undertake a PhD without a Masters but are struggling to meet the eligibility requirements. You can read about the many benefits of  integrated degrees here .

Finding a PhD has never been this easy – search for a PhD by keyword, location or academic area of interest.

PhD without a Bachelors – Is It Possible?

Yes, it is possible to get a PhD without a Bachelor’s, however, this is extremely uncommon.

When this occurs, it is almost always reserved for very mature individuals. For example, an individual may not be in active academia but still may have significantly contributed to their field. This contribution could be through the work they have undertaken as part of their career, or as part of a long-term study project, they have undertaken out of self-interest.

In either case, the individual would need to prove that they have extensive experience in their field and have directly contributed to new knowledge within it. The key factor here is that their work has pushed the boundaries of existing knowledge. It is not enough for an individual to be regarded as an expert in their field – they must have contributed something new and meaningful. It’s common for individuals awarded a PhD through this means to have produced several publications within their lifetime. It’s also common for the individual to have gained several professional accreditations within their field before even being considered suitable for a PhD research degree.

Universities Offering PhD without a Masters

Unfortunately, there is not a centralised list of universities which offer PhDs without a Master’s degree. The reason for this is that the edibility requirements differ from PhD to PhD and from department to department.

Therefore, you will need to check the guidelines for each individual university and the requirements for each specific PhD you’re interested in.

Should you find a PhD programme you can apply to with a Bachelors, make every effort to make your application as strong as possible. This is because you will be competing against other candidates, most of who will have a Master’s degree.

Not only can you strengthen your application by having a Bachelors with a First-Class Honours (1st), but you can also do so by showing the traits of a successful researcher. This includes showing a genuine interest in the project, a high work ethic, and exceptional communication skills.

Additionally, a strong letter of recommendation from a respected university lecturer will prove very beneficial. This is especially true if the lecturer supervisors his or her own PhD students. This is because the lecturer will understand the skills required for an adept research student.

For more advice on how to apply to a PhD degree, check out our Application Process Guide.

Browse PhDs Now

Join thousands of students.

Join thousands of other students and stay up to date with the latest PhD programmes, funding opportunities and advice.

Do you need a masters to get a PhD? [Straight to PhD without a masters]

Are you toying with the idea of jumping straight from your Bachelor’s to a PhD?

Wondering whether it’s even possible to bypass the Master’s degree and make a beeline for that doctorate? Many budding scholars question whether they need a Master’s to get a PhD or can venture on a more streamlined academic journey.

The truth is, yes, it’s possible to get a PhD without a Master’s, but it’s not a route everyone can or should take.

It’s a personal and strategic decision, hinging on a range of factors, from your academic performance to your research skills and the field of study.

In this blog post, we delve into the nuanced world of pursuing a PhD without a Master’s degree.

We’ll examine a real-life case study, explore the steps involved, estimate the duration, and weigh the pros and cons.

Whether you’re an undergraduate dreaming of a doctorate or a Bachelor’s graduate pondering your next steps, read on to unravel the intricacies of this frequently asked question in academia.

Can You Get a PhD without a Masters? Straight from your bachelor

Yes, you can get a PhD without having a Masters degree. Some come straight from the bachelor’s degree with no issues.

The prerequisites for a PhD vary by field and institution, but there are circumstances where exceptional undergraduates may transition directly into a PhD program.

For this, you need to demonstrate exceptional academic performance, usually through a first-class honors degree.

Real-world experience can also be a factor, especially in applied fields where professional contacts can be beneficial. It’s advantageous to have a good rapport with potential PhD supervisors, perhaps ones who taught you during your undergraduate studies, as they can vouch for your capabilities.

Your undergraduate research, especially if it aligns closely with your intended PhD area, can also provide leverage.

However, keep in mind that competition is fierce, and many successful PhD applicants hold a Master’s degree.

While not impossible, skipping the Master’s step is challenging, and requires diligent planning and effort. Master’s degrees can also equip you with important research skills, making the PhD journey more manageable.

So, if you’re determined to proceed directly from undergraduate to PhD, carefully weigh the benefits and challenges.

A case study:

A determined undergraduate, set a bold goal: to enter a Clinical Psychology PhD program without the transitional master’s. She customized her undergraduate years to match the competitiveness of a master’s candidate. High grades and impressive GRE scores were only the beginning. The student became involved in a research lab, providing firsthand experience with cognitive behavioral therapy for psychosis. Successfully bypassing the Master’s stage, This students journey demonstrates that strategic undergraduate planning and unwavering dedication can, indeed, lead directly to a PhD.

PhDs without a Masters – How Does It Work?

To pursue a PhD without a Master’s, you have to consider several crucial steps to convince a professor and research institute that you are the right candidate for this opportunity:

• Outstanding Undergraduate Performance : Aim for exceptional academic results, ideally achieving a first-class honours degree. This proves your academic prowess and dedication, factors that potential PhD supervisors highly regard.
• Focused Research Interest : Align your undergraduate research, including your dissertation, with your prospective PhD field. Your experience and research during your undergraduate studies could make you a compelling candidate despite not having a Master’s degree.
• Network : Cultivate a good rapport with potential PhD supervisors, preferably those who taught you during your undergraduate studies. Their knowledge of your abilities can be crucial in their decision to support your PhD application.
• Gain Relevant Experience : If you’re considering an applied field, try to gain real-world, practical experience. This experience, particularly if you make professional contacts, can be an added advantage.
• Application : Apply to universities that accept PhD candidates without a Master’s. Craft a persuasive application detailing your strengths, passion for the field, research interests, and relevant experiences.

Remember, pursuing a PhD without a Master’s is challenging due to stiff competition from Master’s degree holders. It requires exceptional strategic planning, unrelenting dedication, and resilience. It’s also worth considering that a Master’s degree can provide you with invaluable research skills, and might make your PhD journey smoother.

How Long Does It Take to Get a PhD Without a Masters?

Getting a PhD without a Master’s degree will typically take about the same length of time as if you had a Master’s degree, but the time can vary depending on the program, country, and individual dedication. Here’s a breakdown with approximate timelines:

In total, it typically takes about 5-7 years after your undergraduate degree to complete a PhD. It is essential to note that these durations are averages and can vary significantly based on individual pace, the field of study, program structure, and university policies.

This timeline also assumes a full-time commitment to your PhD studies. Part-time studies would extend the duration. Furthermore, the process can be expedited or prolonged based on the success of your research, any setbacks you encounter, or personal circumstances.

Should you do a PhD program without a Masters?

Deciding to pursue a PhD without first earning a Master’s degree is an intensely personal choice, often contingent on an individual’s academic journey and goals.

Securing a Master’s degree before entering a PhD program usually enriches your understanding of the field, refines your research skills, and may increase your chances of securing admission to a PhD program.

Without a Masters, you may face a competitive application process and potentially be at a disadvantage.

However, some determined undergraduates, with substantial research experience, successfully bypass the Master’s and head straight to a PhD, saving time and tuition.

This, known as an integrated or direct entry PhD program, however, requires meticulous planning, diligent research work, and unwavering commitment.

Wrapping up – Go straight to PhD from undergrad

Venturing straight from a Bachelor’s degree to a PhD, bypassing a Master’s, is a viable yet demanding route.

Navigating this academic journey requires meticulous planning, exceptional undergraduate performance, focused research interest, networking, relevant experience, and a persuasive application.

Remember, the academic competition is fierce, and most successful PhD students have completed a Master’s first. If you’re determined to proceed directly into a PhD program, weigh the benefits, challenges, and potential disadvantages.

Integrated or direct-entry PhD programs can save time and money, but also demand a substantial commitment to your research skills and academic experience.

Each journey is personal, so consider your own aspirations, capabilities, and the programs you’re interested in before making your decision.

Dr Andrew Stapleton has a Masters and PhD in Chemistry from the UK and Australia. He has many years of research experience and has worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow and Associate at a number of Universities. Although having secured funding for his own research, he left academia to help others with his YouTube channel all about the inner workings of academia and how to make it work for you.

Thank you for visiting Academia Insider.

We are here to help you navigate Academia as painlessly as possible. We are supported by our readers and by visiting you are helping us earn a small amount through ads and affiliate revenue - Thank you!

2024 © Academia Insider

Frequently asked questions

Do i need a master’s degree to apply for a phd.

This depends on the country. In the United States, you can generally go directly to a PhD  with only a bachelor’s degree, as a master’s program is included as part of the doctoral program.

Elsewhere, you generally need to graduate from a research-intensive master’s degree before continuing to the PhD.

Frequently asked questions: Graduate school

In the US, most graduate school applications require you to include:

• Transcripts from previous educational institutions
• Standardized test scores (such as the GRE or MCAT)
• A graduate resume
• 2–3 letters of recommendation
• A statement of purpose

Some programs may ask you to write a personal statement in addition to, or instead of, a statement of purpose. You may also be asked to an interview .

Always carefully read the application instructions for the specific program you’re applying to.

Most medical school programs interview candidates, as do many (though not all) leading law and business schools.

In research programs, it depends—PhDs in business usually do, while those in economics normally do not, for example.

Some schools interview everyone, while others only interview their top candidates. Look at the websites of the schools you’re applying to for more information on whether they conduct interviews.

In addition to thinking about your answers for the most commonly asked grad school interview questions , you should reach out to former and current students to ask their advice on preparing and what sort of questions will be asked.

Look back through your resume and come up with anecdotes that you could use for common questions, particularly those that ask about obstacles that you overcame. If you’re applying for a research program, ensure that you can talk about the previous research experience you’ve had.

You should also read as much research in your field as possible. Research the faculty at the schools you’re applying to and read some of their papers. Come up with a few questions that you could ask them.

Graduate schools often ask questions about why you are interested in this particular program and what you will contribute.

Try to stay away from cliche answers like “this is a good program” or “I got good grades in undergrad” and focus instead on the unique strengths of the program or what you will bring to the table. Understand what the program is looking for and come up with anecdotes that demonstrate why you are a good fit for them.

Different types of programs may also focus on different questions:

• Research programs will often ask what topics you’d like to research and who you would like to work with, as well as specific questions about your research background.
• Medical schools are interested in your personal motivation, qualities such as integrity and empathy, and how you’d respond to common ethical dilemmas.
• Business schools will focus on your past work experience and future career prospects, and may be particularly interested in any experience you have managing or working with others.

Some students apply to graduate school straight from undergrad, but it’s also common to go back to school later in life. The ideal time to do so depends on various financial, personal, and career considerations . Graduate school is a big commitment, so you should apply at a time when you can devote your full attention to it.

Your career path may also determine when you should apply. In some career fields, you can easily progress without a graduate degree, while in others—such as medicine, business, and law—it’s virtually impossible to move up the career ladder without a specific graduate degree.

Most graduate school applications for American graduate programs are due in December or January for a September start.

Some types of programs, especially law school, are rolling applications, meaning that the earlier you apply, the earlier you’ll hear back. In this case, you should aim to apply as early as possible to maximize your chances.

Medical school follows a completely separate timeline with much earlier deadlines. If you’re applying for medical school, you should speak to advisors at your university for more information.

A good starting point to aim for is about 18 months before you would start the program, or 6–9 months before the applications are due.

In the first few months of the process, research programs and study for any standardized exams you might need.

You can then begin writing your personal statements and statements of purpose , as well as contacting people to write your letters of recommendation . Ensure that you give recommenders plenty of time to complete their letters (ideally around 2–4 months).

In the US, the graduate school application process is similar whether you’re applying for a master’s or a PhD . Both require letters of recommendation , a statement of purpose or personal statement , a resume or CV , and transcripts. Programs in the US and Canada usually also require a certain type of standardized test—often the GRE.

Outside the US, PhD programs usually also require applicants to write a research proposal , because students are expected to begin dissertation research in the first year of their PhD.

A master’s degree usually has a higher upfront cost, but it also allows you to start earning a higher salary more quickly. The exact cost depends on the country and the school: private universities usually cost more than public ones, and European degrees usually cost less than North American ones. There are limited possibilities for financial aid.

PhDs often waive tuition fees and offer a living stipend in exchange for a teaching or research assistantship. However, they take many years to complete, during which time you earn very little.

This varies by country. In the United States, PhDs usually take between 5–7 years: 2 years of coursework followed by 3–5 years of independent research work to produce a dissertation.

In the rest of the world, students normally have a master’s degree before beginning the PhD, so they proceed directly to the research stage and complete a PhD in 3–5 years.

A PhD, which is short for philosophiae doctor (doctor of philosophy in Latin), is the highest university degree that can be obtained. In a PhD, students spend 3–5 years writing a dissertation , which aims to make a significant, original contribution to current knowledge.

A PhD is intended to prepare students for a career as a researcher, whether that be in academia, the public sector, or the private sector.

A master’s is a 1- or 2-year graduate degree that can prepare you for a variety of careers.

All master’s involve graduate-level coursework. Some are research-intensive and intend to prepare students for further study in a PhD; these usually require their students to write a master’s thesis . Others focus on professional training for a specific career.

It’s best to ask in person if possible, so first reach out and request a meeting to discuss your graduate school plans.

Let the potential recommender know which programs you’re applying to, and ask if they feel they can provide a strong letter of recommendation . A lukewarm recommendation can be the kiss of death for an application, so make sure your letter writers are enthusiastic about recommending you and your work!

Always remember to remain polite. Your recommenders are doing you a favor by taking the time to write a letter in support of your graduate school goals.

This depends on the program that you are applying for. Generally, for professional programs like business and policy school, you should ask managers who can speak to your future leadership potential and ability to succeed in your chosen career path.

However, in other graduate programs, you should mostly ask your former professors or research supervisors to write your recommendation letters , unless you have worked in a job that corresponds closely with your chosen field (e.g., as a full-time research assistant).

Choose people who know your work well and can speak to your ability to succeed in the program that you are applying to.

Remember, it is far more important to choose someone who knows you well than someone well-known. You may have taken classes with more prominent professors, but if they haven’t worked closely with you, they probably can’t write you a strong letter.

The sections in your graduate school resume depend on two things: your experience, and the focus of the program you’re applying to.

Always start with your education. If you have more than one degree, list the most recent one first.

The title and order of the other sections depend on what you want to emphasize. You might include things like:

• Professional experience
• Voluntary and extracurricular activities
• Publications
• Awards and honors
• Skills and certifications

The resume should aim for a balance between two things: giving a snapshot of what you’ve done with your life so far, and showing that you’re a good candidate for graduate study.

A resume is typically shorter than a CV, giving only the most relevant professional and educational highlights.

An academic CV should give full details of your education and career, including lists of publications and presentations, certifications, memberships, grants, and research projects. Because it is more comprehensive, it’s acceptable for an academic CV to be many pages long.

Note that, outside of the US, resume and CV are often used interchangeably.

No, don’t include your high school courses and grades. The education section should only detail your college education.

If you want to discuss aspects of high school in your graduate school application, you can include this in your personal statement .

A resume for a graduate school application is typically no more than 1–2 pages long.

Note, however, that if you are asked to submit a CV (curriculum vitae), you should give comprehensive details of all your academic experience. An academic CV can be much longer than a normal resume.

Always carefully check the instructions and adhere to any length requirements for each application.

If you’re applying to multiple graduate school programs, you should tailor your personal statement to each application.

Some applications provide a prompt or question. In this case, you might have to write a new personal statement from scratch: the most important task is to respond to what you have been asked.

If there’s no prompt or guidelines, you can re-use the same idea for your personal statement – but change the details wherever relevant, making sure to emphasize why you’re applying to this specific program.

If the application also includes other essays, such as a statement of purpose , you might have to revise your personal statement to avoid repeating the same information.

The typical length of a personal statement for graduate school applications is between 500 and 1,000 words.

Different programs have different requirements, so always check if there’s a minimum or maximum length and stick to the guidelines. If there is no recommended word count, aim for no more than 1-2 pages.

A statement of purpose is usually more formal, focusing on your academic or professional goals. It shouldn’t include anything that isn’t directly relevant to the application.

A personal statement can often be more creative. It might tell a story that isn’t directly related to the application, but that shows something about your personality, values, and motivations.

However, both types of document have the same overall goal: to demonstrate your potential as a graduate student and s how why you’re a great match for the program.

Ask our team

Want to contact us directly? No problem.  We  are always here for you.

• Email [email protected]
• Start live chat
• Call +1 (510) 822-8066
• WhatsApp +31 20 261 6040

Our team helps students graduate by offering:

• A world-class citation generator
• Plagiarism Checker software powered by Turnitin
• Innovative Citation Checker software
• Professional proofreading services
• Over 300 helpful articles about academic writing, citing sources, plagiarism, and more

Scribbr specializes in editing study-related documents . We proofread:

• PhD dissertations
• Research proposals
• Personal statements
• Admission essays
• Motivation letters
• Reflection papers
• Journal articles
• Capstone projects

Scribbr’s Plagiarism Checker is powered by elements of Turnitin’s Similarity Checker , namely the plagiarism detection software and the Internet Archive and Premium Scholarly Publications content databases .

The add-on AI detector is powered by Scribbr’s proprietary software.

The Scribbr Citation Generator is developed using the open-source Citation Style Language (CSL) project and Frank Bennett’s citeproc-js . It’s the same technology used by dozens of other popular citation tools, including Mendeley and Zotero.

You can find all the citation styles and locales used in the Scribbr Citation Generator in our publicly accessible repository on Github .

Should I Pursue A Master’s or A Ph.D.?

The first step in deciding on the right graduate program for you is to figure out which degree will best serve you—a master’s or a doctor of philosophy (Ph.D.). Here are a few factors to consider.

What are your career goals?

• Professional master’s: A good choice if you want to develop a particular skill set in order to practice a particular profession. This type of degree provides coursework focused on learning and practicing skills.
• Research master’s: A good fit if you want to gain expertise in a discipline and know how to teach it. A research master’s typically includes a research project or thesis and comprehensive exams in addition to coursework and provides experience in research and scholarship.
• Ph.D. (doctor of philosophy): Consider this option if your goal is to ground yourself in a body of research and develop the ability to add to that body of knowledge. Ph.D. study includes a major research project in addition to coursework, and a Ph.D. is the highest scholastic degree awarded by American universities. Contrary to common perception, career paths for Ph.D. graduates are quite varied, not just limited to academia. Ph.D. training helps you hones skills such as writing, research, teaching, data analysis, communicating complex topics—all of which can translate into many sectors, including industry, government, nonprofit, and entrepreneurship.

See career data for Duke graduate programs' alumni

How much time do you have to pursue a graduate degree?

Master’s degrees typically take two years to complete, while Ph.D. programs generally take five to seven years ( see Duke programs' time-to-degree ). That is a significant difference in commitment and opportunity costs. It might also play a key role in deciding which factors take higher priority as you evaluate a program. How does the length of the program fit with your career and family plans? How important is the surrounding community if you are going to be there for seven years instead of two? How long are you able or willing to go on a limited income while in graduate school?

How much can you afford to pay for a graduate degree?

Consider your personal financial situation (e.g., how much savings and student loans do you have), as well as how much financial aid you can get. Master’s and Ph.D. programs differ greatly in the amount of financial aid available. Ph.D. programs tend to offer significantly more financial support than master’s programs (but often will have research or teaching requirements). 

A typical Ph.D. financial aid package usually includes coverage of tuition and fees, a living stipend, and some level of support for health insurance for a set number of years. For instance, Duke’s standard Ph.D. package covers tuition, mandatory fees, and a stipend for five years, as well as health insurance premiums for six years. 

Within an institution, the level of financial support often differs across programs, so be sure to ask your specific program about the financial aid it offers. There are also many national organizations that provide competitive fellowships and scholarships for graduate students.

Know which degree you want to pursue? Here are some key things to look for in a program .

Stack Exchange Network

Stack Exchange network consists of 183 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow , the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers.

Q&A for work

Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search.

PhD without previous academic degree: truth or myth?

Is it possible at all to do a PhD without a Master or a Bachelor's degree?

Every now and then I meet someone who claims he knows someone who knows someone who was able to do a PhD without previous degrees (maybe only with high-school).

Is that true, was it true in some specific cases?

• graduate-admissions

• 12 In some fields and some places (e.g. mathematics in the US) most people who get a PhD do so without getting a Master's. –  Mark Meckes Commented Mar 6, 2014 at 19:14
• @MarkMeckes, re your example (mathematics in the United States): My impression is (and I haven't looked up stats on this) that most U.S. math Ph.D. programs offer so-called "master's degrees without thesis" after the required coursework is done. –  msh210 Commented Mar 7, 2014 at 3:19
• 2 As an undergraduate, I had an economics professor who had only a high school degree and a PhD—he left college in Europe early and moved with his advisor to a school in the US to do his graduate work. –  aeismail Commented Mar 7, 2014 at 4:47
• 3 @msh210: Some (I don't know about most) US math PhD programs do offer such a thing, but the vast majority of the students (nationwide) don't get a master's degree if their eventual goal is a PhD. In some departments, Master's degrees are only given to students who decide to leave the PhD program after completing enough coursework. –  Mark Meckes Commented Mar 7, 2014 at 7:00
• 3 @MarkMeckes it gets worse. At the university I got my PhD in math from (UConn) you only the masters on the way to the PhD if you remembered to fill out the right form. Of course if you forgot you didn't get the pay raise. –  BSteinhurst Commented Jun 28, 2014 at 15:32

6 Answers 6

My (former) thesis advisor, Barry Mazur , has only a PhD. In fact, according to Stephen Krantz's Mathematical Apocrypha Redux , he does not have a high school diploma either, having left Bronx High School of Science after his junior year to attend MIT.

The story is that he had not completed an ROTC requirement at MIT but had already been accepted for graduate school at Princeton. Princeton was not insistent that this requirement be completed, so Barry did not take it seriously. (I have heard more colorful stories about this, but not from him, so I won't repeat them here.)

You might say that this is a technicality. I would agree with that but still claim it to be an interesting (even slightly inspirational, in some weird way) case. Moreover, Barry was 22 when he attained his PhD, so some actual schooling must have been skipped (or highly abridged).

• 3 I think Mike Freedman also got his Math Ph.D. from Princeton without finishing his undergraduate degree. –  Noah Snyder Commented Mar 6, 2014 at 17:43
• 29 Ah, Princeton, that clown college. Maybe we should look into getting its accreditation revoked... –  Pete L. Clark Commented Mar 6, 2014 at 17:44
• 1 The question is also who enforces the necessity of a previous degree. Some accreditation body, or a college, that could use other quality standards, if they deem them equivalent. –  Quora Feans Commented Mar 6, 2014 at 17:46
• 10 I do assume that he has a high school diploma! By the way, it's actually much easier to get a BA without a high school degree than a PhD without a BA (I never got a high school degree or equivalent). –  Ben Webster Commented Mar 6, 2014 at 18:45
• @Ben: Thanks for your comment. I should not have assumed that, as it turns out. –  Pete L. Clark Commented Mar 6, 2014 at 20:16

It was possible in some departments of German universities to start studies after a high-school diploma ("Abitur") directly with the PhD as target degree.The German Wikipedia page about the PhD degree discusses that point. Unfortunately the English version doesn't mention it. While that possibility was abolished about 25 years ago, there's still people around who got their PhD in that way.

One such person is the former German minister of research and education, Annette Schavan . She got her PhD as first degree with six years of study after the high-school diploma. But now that the university disclaimed her degree due to plagiarism in the thesis, she is essentially left without any academic degree.

• 1 A bit more about that German degree background. In some professions, such as law, the candidates take a series of state exams, so-called Staatsexamen . There are typically two, a more theoretical one, and a practical one. The passed first Staatsexamen is more or less a finished university education for all what matters. But the candidates are now allowed to practice the profession without the second Staatsexamen passed. For law it's like a prologed practicum at a law firm, for school teachers it's schoolroom practice. However, the PhD candidates could directly kickstart their PhD. –  Oleg Lobachev Commented Dec 8, 2017 at 2:16
• 1 This means, that they got accepted into a graduate program after the first Staatsexamen. The defended thesis is also recognised as passed second Staatsexamen among other things. So, for that minister, when her PhD was revoked, she also got her law practice permit revoked, as she effectively has not passed the full Staatsexamen. –  Oleg Lobachev Commented Dec 8, 2017 at 2:18

One example is Graciela Chichilnisky, professor at Columbia University, Economics Department. According to her April 2015 CV (which can be found here ),

Education: High School: Instituto National de Lenguas Vivas, Buenos Aires, Argentina No undergraduate studies

She has two PhDs, both from Berkeley, one in mathematics and one in economics.

In mathematics, it is indeed possible to be accepted to a PhD program without a bachelor's degree, but only in special cases.

First, the person (the candidate) has to be exceptionally precocious and gifted with mathematical aptitude.

Second, the person has to apply to a very strong PhD program - the kind where the math faculty might have enough sway to convince the university to accept the person. At non-elite schools, the graduate college is likely to veto anything like this. And extremely strong letters of recommendation will be needed.

Third, the person must have at least one strong faculty advocate at the destination university who is able to sway opinion to get the person accepted.

As you can guess, this is not something that happens very often.

And that is for the best. It is a serious risk for a school to accept someone to a PhD program who does not have a bachelor's degree - perhaps the person will fizzle out. Worse, perhaps the person would have been able to complete a PhD if they earned a bachelor's degree first, but they ended up not earning the PhD when they were accepted early to a PhD program. For these reasons, it takes a truly exceptional candidate - more than just "seems able to get a PhD" - to convince a school to accept them to a PhD program without a bachelors.

Mortimer Adler is one case. Buckminster Fuller got in, was kicked out then invited back. There are other ways of earning stripes.

I have a BA and a PhD, but no MA/MSc. More common than this are people who get into graduate school with an undergraduate degree in a completely different area of study. Just in my household, my wife's did Information Technology as her undergrad degree, and then got into a Chinese History graduate program.

Really, all it takes to get into grad school is convincing the admissions committee that you are a good enough student of their field. Completing a lower degree in the appropriate area of study is typically the easiest way to convince them, but if you have the necessary background knowledge and a lot of potential, nobody is going to turn you down just because you lack a diploma.

• 5 I think that from the perspective of the departments, you're right that actually finishing the degree doesn't matter too much. But at least in the US, most schools have an institution called "The Graduate School" whose mission is to make it hard to be a grad student. In particular, they have bureaucrats whose job it is to check that you did get your undergraduate degree. (For example, see here: gsas.virginia.edu/new-students . They will not let you register for classes unless you prove that you have a BA.) –  Ben Webster Commented Mar 6, 2014 at 18:51
• 1 It's noteworthy that they don't care what subject that BA is in (as your wife's example shows), but they do have to check their box. –  Ben Webster Commented Mar 6, 2014 at 18:52
• 1 That's completely orthogonal to what I'm saying. Obviously, the first step to graduate admissions is convincing the department you're a good candidate and it's absolutely true that there are lots of ways of doing that other than getting a BA in the subject. But there's also a bureaucrat who won't let you register for classes if you can't prove you got a BA. They don't care in what subject or when you got it, but they want to see an official transcript. Probably there are cases where this gets massaged, especially for people coming from overseas... –  Ben Webster Commented Mar 6, 2014 at 19:06
• 3 but at most American universities, there is somebody who job it is, quite specifically, to turn you down if you don't have a diploma, independent of the department's decision. –  Ben Webster Commented Mar 6, 2014 at 19:07
• 3 @keshlam: I am not sure that this is true of most American universities. It is likely true of elite schools. But non-elite schools (who likely don't have a mission to accept highly talented but uncredentialed applicants) may be more likely to stick to their general policies. –  Oswald Veblen Commented Aug 17, 2014 at 4:43

You must log in to answer this question.

Not the answer you're looking for browse other questions tagged phd graduate-admissions ..

• Featured on Meta
• Upcoming sign-up experiments related to tags

Hot Network Questions

• Surfing social media is one of the most, if not the most popular ______ among my friends => pastime or pastimes?
• Is that a period or sentence
• Is there any piece that can take multiple pieces at once?
• How much time is needed to judge an Earth-like planet to be safe?
• A question about Hilbert Theorem 90 and Artin-Schreier Theorem
• Was Croatia the first country to recognize the sovereignity of the USA? Was Croatia expecting military help from USA that didn't come?
• How do I perform pandas cumsum while skipping rows that are duplicated in another field?
• Relevance of RFC2228
• In Matthew 27:46, was Jesus fulfilling, quoting and/or citing Psalm 22?
• In "Romeo and Juliet", why is Juliet the "sun"?
• Why don't they put more spare gyros in expensive space telescopes?
• Tool Storage Corrosion Risk
• Is this crumbling concrete step salvageable?
• How can the CMOS version of 555 timer have the output current tested at 2 mA while its maximum supply is 250 μA?
• Setup for proving equation 3.4 from Grinold
• giving variables a default value in a spec file
• Non-uniform Gaussian spaced vector
• How are secret encodings not a violation of amateur radio regulations?
• How can I keep my writing consistent?
• tnih neddih eht kcehc
• What is this black teardrop-shaped object under the C-47 Skytrain cockpit?
• Am I wasting my time self-studying program pre-requisites?
• Is it better to perform multiple paired t-test or One-Way ANOVA test
• Please help me: Sending String from PyCharm via usb to NXT, which is programmed by Bricx CC

• What is a PhD?

Written by Mark Bennett

A PhD is a doctoral research degree and the highest level of academic qualification you can achieve. The degree normally takes between three and four years of full-time work towards a thesis offering an original contribution to your subject.

This page explains what a PhD is, what it involves and what you need to know if you’re considering applying for a PhD research project , or enrolling on a doctoral programme .

The meaning of a PhD

The PhD can take on something of a mythic status. Are they only for geniuses? Do you have to discover something incredible? Does the qualification make you an academic? And are higher research degrees just for people who want to be academics?

Even the full title, ‘Doctor of Philosophy’, has a somewhat mysterious ring to it. Do you become a doctor? Yes, but not that kind of doctor. Do you have to study Philosophy? No (not unless you want to) .

So, before going any further, let's explain what the term 'PhD' actually means and what defines a doctorate.

What does PhD stand for?

PhD stands for Doctor of Philosophy. This is one of the highest level academic degrees that can be awarded. PhD is an abbreviation of the Latin term (Ph)ilosophiae (D)octor. Traditionally the term ‘philosophy’ does not refer to the subject but its original Greek meaning which roughly translates to ‘lover of wisdom’.

What is a doctorate?

A doctorate is any qualification that awards a doctoral degree. In order to qualify for one you need to produce advanced work that makes a significant new contribution to knowledge in your field. Doing so earns you the title 'Doctor' – hence the name.

So, is a PhD different to a doctorate? No. A PhD is a type of doctorate .

The PhD is the most common type of doctorate and is awarded in almost all subjects at universities around the world. Other doctorates tend to be more specialised or for more practical and professional projects.

Essentially, all PhDs are doctorates, but not all doctorates are PhDs.

Do you need a Masters to get a PhD?

Not necessarily. It's common for students in Arts and the Humanities to complete an MA (Master of Arts) before starting a PhD in order to acquire research experience and techniques. Students in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) don't always need an MS/MSc (Master of Science) to do a PhD as you'll gain training in lab techniques and other skills during your undergraduate degree.

Whether a Masters is a requirement for a PhD also varies by country. Australian PhDs may require a Masters as the equivalent of their own 'honours year' (where students work on research). US PhD programmes often include a Masters.

We have a whole guide dedicated to helping you decide whether a PhD without a Masters is the right route for you.

The origin of the PhD

Despite its name, the PhD isn't actually an Ancient Greek degree. Instead it's a much more recent development. The PhD as we know it was developed in nineteenth-century Germany, alongside the modern research university.

Higher education had traditionally focussed on mastery of an existing body of scholarship and the highest academic rank available was, appropriately enough, a Masters degree.

As the focus shifted more onto the production of new knowledge and ideas, the PhD degree was brought in to recognise those who demonstrated the necessary skills and expertise.

The PhD process – what's required to get a PhD?

The typical length of a PhD is three to four years full-time, or five to six years part-time.

Unlike most Masters courses (or all undergraduate programmes), a PhD is a pure research degree. But that doesn’t mean you’ll just spend years locked away in a library or laboratory. In fact, the modern PhD is a diverse and varied qualification with many different components.

Whereas the second or third year of a taught degree look quite a lot like the first (with more modules and coursework at a higher level) a PhD moves through a series of stages.

A typical PhD normally involves:

• Carrying out a literature review (a survey of current scholarship in your field).
• Conducting original research and collecting your results .
• Producing a thesis that presents your conclusions.
• Writing up your thesis and submitting it as a dissertation .
• Defending your thesis in an oral viva voce exam.

These stages vary a little between subjects and universities, but they tend to fall into the same sequence over the three years of a typical full-time PhD.

The first year of a PhD

The beginning of a PhD is all about finding your feet as a researcher and getting a solid grounding in the current scholarship that relates to your topic.

You’ll have initial meetings with your supervisor and discuss a plan of action based on your research proposal.

The first step in this will almost certainly be carrying out your literature review . With the guidance of your supervisor you’ll begin surveying and evaluating existing scholarship. This will help situate your research and ensure your work is original.

Your literature review will provide a logical jumping off point for the beginning of your own research and the gathering of results . This could involve designing and implementing experiments, or getting stuck into a pile of primary sources.

The year may end with an MPhil upgrade . This occurs when PhD students are initially registered for an MPhil degree and then ‘upgraded’ to PhD candidates upon making sufficient progress. You’ll submit material from your literature review, or a draft of your research findings and discuss these with members of your department in an upgrade exam . All being well, you’ll then continue with your research as a PhD student.

PhDs in other countries

The information on the page is based on the UK. Most countries follow a similar format, but there are some differences. In the USA , for example, PhD students complete reading assignments and examinations before beginning their research. You can find out more in our guides to PhD study around the world .

The second year of a PhD

Your second year will probably be when you do most of your core research. The process for this will vary depending on your field, but your main focus will be on gathering results from experiments, archival research, surveys or other means.

As your research develops, so will the thesis (or argument) you base upon it. You may even begin writing up chapters or other pieces that will eventually form part of your dissertation .

You’ll still be having regular meetings with your supervisor. They’ll check your progress, provide feedback on your ideas and probably read any drafts your produce.

The second year is also an important stage for your development as a scholar. You’ll be well versed in current research and have begun to collect some important data or develop insights of your own. But you won’t yet be faced with the demanding and time-intensive task of finalising your dissertation.

So, this part of your PhD is a perfect time to think about presenting your work at academic conferences , gaining teaching experience or perhaps even selecting some material for publication in an academic journal. You can read more about these kinds of activities below.

The third year of a PhD

The third year of a PhD is sometimes referred to as the writing up phase.

Traditionally, this is the final part of your doctorate, during which your main task will be pulling together your results and honing your thesis into a dissertation .

In reality, it’s not always as simple as that.

It’s not uncommon for final year PhD students to still be fine-tuning experiments, collecting results or chasing up a few extra sources. This is particularly likely if you spend part of your second year focussing on professional development.

In fact, some students actually take all or part of a fourth year to finalise their dissertation. Whether you are able to do this will depend on the terms of your enrolment – and perhaps your PhD funding .

Eventually though, you are going to be faced with writing up your thesis and submitting your dissertation.

Your supervisor will be very involved in this process. They’ll read through your final draft and let you know when they think your PhD is ready for submission.

All that’s left then is your final viva voce oral exam. This is a formal discussion and defence of your thesis involving at least one internal and external examiner. It’s normally the only assessment procedure for a PhD. Once you’ve passed, you’ve done it!

Looking for more information about the stages of a PhD?

How do you go about completing a literature review? What's it like to do PhD research? And what actually happens at an MPhil upgrade? You can find out more in our detailed guide to the PhD journey .

Doing a PhD – what's it actually like?

You can think of the ‘stages’ outlined above as the basic ‘roadmap’ for a PhD, but the actual ‘journey’ you’ll take as a research student involves a lot of other sights, a few optional destinations and at least one very important fellow passenger.

Carrying out research

Unsurprisingly, you’ll spend most of your time as a PhD researcher… researching your PhD. But this can involve a surprisingly wide range of activities.

The classic image of a student working away in the lab, or sitting with a pile of books in the library is true some of the time – particularly when you’re monitoring experiments or conducting your literature review.

Your PhD can take you much further afield though. You may find yourself visiting archives or facilities to examine their data or look at rare source materials. You could even have the opportunity to spend an extended period ‘in residence’ at a research centre or other institution beyond your university.

Research is also far from being a solitary activity. You’ll have regular discussions with your supervisor (see below) but you may also work with other students from time to time.

This is particularly likely if you’re part of a larger laboratory or workshop group studying the same broad area. But it’s also common to collaborate with students whose projects are more individual. You might work on shorter projects of joint interest, or be part of teams organising events and presentations.

Many universities also run regular internal presentation and discussion groups – a perfect way to get to know other PhD students in your department and offer feedback on each other’s work in progress.

Working with your supervisor

All PhD projects are completed with the guidance of at least one academic supervisor . They will be your main point of contact and support throughout the PhD.

Your supervisor will be an expert in your general area of research, but they won’t have researched on your exact topic before (if they had, your project wouldn’t be original enough for a PhD).

As such, it’s better to think of your supervisor as a mentor, rather than a teacher.

As a PhD student you’re now an independent and original scholar, pushing the boundaries of your field beyond what is currently known (and taught) about it. You’re doing all of this for the first time, of course. But your supervisor isn’t.

They’ll know what’s involved in managing an advanced research project over three years (or more). They’ll know how best to succeed, but they’ll also know what can go wrong and how to spot the warning signs before it does.

Perhaps most importantly, they’ll be someone with the time and expertise to listen to your ideas and help provide feedback and encouragement as you develop your thesis.

Exact supervision arrangements vary between universities and between projects:

• In Science and Technology projects it’s common for a supervisor to be the lead investigator on a wider research project, with responsibility for a laboratory or workshop that includes several PhD students and other researchers.
• In Arts and Humanities subjects, a supervisor’s research is more separate from their students’. They may supervise more than one PhD at a time, but each project is essentially separate.

It’s also becoming increasingly common for PhD students to have two (or more) supervisors. The first is usually responsible for guiding your academic research whilst the second is more concerned with the administration of your PhD – ensuring you complete any necessary training and stay on track with your project’s timetable.

However you’re supervised, you’ll have regular meetings to discuss work and check your progress. Your supervisor will also provide feedback on work during your PhD and will play an important role as you near completion: reading your final dissertation draft, helping you select an external examiner and (hopefully) taking you out for a celebratory drink afterwards!

Professional development, networking and communication

Traditionally, the PhD has been viewed as a training process, preparing students for careers in academic research.

As such, it often includes opportunities to pick up additional skills and experiences that are an important part of a scholarly CV. Academics don’t just do research after all. They also teach students, administrate departments – and supervise PhDs.

The modern PhD is also viewed as a more flexible qualification. Not all doctoral graduates end up working in higher education. Many follow alternative careers that are either related to their subject of specialism or draw upon the advanced research skills their PhD has developed.

PhD programmes have begun to reflect this. Many now emphasise transferrable skills or include specific training units designed to help students communicate and apply their research beyond the university.

What all of this means is that very few PhD experiences are just about researching and writing up a thesis.

The likelihood is that you’ll also do some (or all) of the following during your PhD:

The work is usually paid and is increasingly accompanied by formal training and evaluation.

Conference presentation

As a PhD student you’ll be at the cutting edge of your field, doing original research and producing new results. This means that your work will be interest to other scholars and that your results could be worth presenting at academic conferences .

Doing this is very worthwhile, whatever your career plans. You’ll develop transferrable skills in public speaking and presenting, gain feedback on your results and begin to be recognised as an expert in your area.

Conferences are also great places to network with other students and academics.

Publication

As well as presenting your research, you may also have the opportunity to publish work in academic journals, books, or other media. This can be a challenging process.

Your work will be judged according to the same high standards as any other scholar’s and will normally go through extensive peer review processes. But it’s also highly rewarding. Seeing your work ‘in print’ is an incredible validation of your PhD research and a definite boost to your academic CV.

Public engagement and communication

Academic work may be associated with the myth of the ‘ivory tower’ – an insular community of experts focussing on obscure topics of little interest outside the university. But this is far from the case. More and more emphasis is being placed on the ‘impact’ of research and its wider benefits to the public – with funding decisions being made accordingly.

Thankfully, there are plenty of opportunities to try your hand at public engagement as a PhD student. Universities are often involved in local events and initiatives to communicate the benefits of their research, ranging from workshops in local schools to public lectures and presentations.

Some PhD programmes include structured training in order to help students with activities such as the above. Your supervisor may also be able to help by identifying suitable conferences and public engagement opportunities, or by involving you in appropriate university events and public engagement initiatives.

These experiences will be an important part of your development as a researchers - and will enhance the value of your PhD regardless of your career plans.

What is a PhD for – and who should study one?

So, you know what a PhD actually is, what’s involved in completing one and what you might get up to whilst you do. That just leaves one final question: should you do a PhD?

Unfortunately, it’s not a question we can answer for you.

A PhD is difficult and uniquely challenging. It requires at least three years of hard work and dedication after you’ve already completed an undergraduate degree (and probably a Masters degree too).

You’ll need to support yourself during those years and, whilst you will be building up an impressive set of skills, you won’t be directly progressing in a career.

But a PhD is also immensely rewarding. It’s your chance to make a genuine contribution to the sum of human knowledge and produce work that other researchers can (and will) build on in future. However obscure your topic feels, there’s really no such thing as a useless PhD.

A PhD is also something to be incredibly proud of. A proportionately tiny number of people go on to do academic work at this level. Whatever you end up doing after your doctorate you’ll have an impressive qualification – and a title to match. What’s more, non-academic careers and professions are increasingly recognising the unique skills and experience a PhD brings.

Other PhDs - do degree titles matter?

The PhD is the oldest and most common form of higher research degree, but a few alternatives are available. Some, such as the DPhil are essentially identical to a PhD. Others, such as the Professional Doctorate or DBA are slightly different. You can find out more in our guide to types of PhD .

Is a PhD for me?

There’s more advice on the value of a PhD – and good reasons for studying one – elsewhere in this section. But the following are some quick tips if you’re just beginning to consider a PhD.

Speak to your lecturers / tutors

The best people to ask about PhD study are people who’ve earned one. Ask staff at your current or previous university about their experience of doctoral research – what they enjoyed, what they didn’t and what their tips might be.

If you’re considering a PhD for an academic career, ask about that too. Are job prospects good in your field? And what’s it really like to work at a university?

Speak to current PhD students

Want to know what it’s like studying a PhD right now? Or what it’s like doing research at a particular university? Ask someone who knows.

Current PhD students were just like you a year or two ago and most will be happy to answer questions.

If you can’t get in touch with any students ‘face to face’, pop over to the Postgraduate Forum – you’ll find plenty of students there who are happy to chat about postgraduate research.

Take a look at advertised projects and programmes

This may seem like a strange suggestion. After all, you’re only going to study one PhD, so what’s the point of reading about lots of others?

Well, looking at the details of different PhD projects is a great way to get a general sense of what PhD research is like. You’ll see what different PhDs tend to have in common and what kinds of unique opportunity might be available to you.

And, with thousands of PhDs in our database , you’re already in a great place to start.

Read our other advice articles

Finally, you can also check out some of the other advice on the FindAPhD website. We’ve looked at some good (and bad) reasons for studying a PhD as well as the value of a doctorate to different career paths.

More generally, you can read our in-depth look at a typical PhD journey , or find out more about specific aspects of doctoral study such as working with a supervisor or writing your dissertation .

We add new articles all the time – the best way to stay up to date is by signing up for our free PhD opportunity newsletter .

Ready to find your PhD?

Head on over to our PhD search listings to learn what opportunities are on offer within your discipline.

Our postgrad newsletter shares courses, funding news, stories and advice

You may also like....

What happens during a typical PhD, and when? We've summarised the main milestones of a doctoral research journey.

The PhD thesis is the most important part of a doctoral degree. This page will introduce you to what you need to know about the PhD dissertation.

This page will give you an idea of what to expect from your routine as a PhD student, explaining how your daily life will look at you progress through a doctoral degree.

Our guide tells you everything about the application process for studying a PhD in the USA.

FindAPhD. Copyright 2005-2024 All rights reserved.

Unknown    ( change )

Have you got time to answer some quick questions about PhD study?

Select your nearest city

You haven’t completed your profile yet. To get the most out of FindAPhD, finish your profile and receive these benefits:

• Monthly chance to win one of ten £10 Amazon vouchers ; winners will be notified every month.*
• The latest PhD projects delivered straight to your inbox
• Access to our £6,000 scholarship competition
• Weekly newsletter with funding opportunities, research proposal tips and much more
• Early access to our physical and virtual postgraduate study fairs

Or begin browsing FindAPhD.com

or begin browsing FindAPhD.com

*Offer only available for the duration of your active subscription, and subject to change. You MUST claim your prize within 72 hours, if not we will redraw.

Do you want hassle-free information and advice?

Create your FindAPhD account and sign up to our newsletter:

• Find out about funding opportunities and application tips
• Receive weekly advice, student stories and the latest PhD news
• Hear about our upcoming study fairs
• Save your favourite projects, track enquiries and get personalised subject updates

Create your account

Looking to list your PhD opportunities? Log in here .

Is it Possible to Skip a Master’s in Psychology and Go Straight to PhD?

• Published November 30, 2016
• Last Updated May 21, 2021
• Read Time 3 mins

If you’re ready for a career in psychology, you’re probably wondering if it’s possible to skip a master’s in psychology and go straight to a PhD. While you can do this, you should consider if it’s the best option for your long-term goals. Enrolling directly in a PhD or PsyD graduate program has advantages and disadvantages. After reading about your choices, you might decide that picking up a master’s degree first is the smartest plan for you.

Finish Faster by Going Straight to a PhD Program

Earning a master’s in psychology and then a doctoral degree takes longer than simply enrolling in a PhD program. Although many of your M.S. in psychology credits will transfer over, not all of them will. You will have to write a master’s thesis to graduate, but you likely won’t use the same research for your dissertation. That means starting over on choosing a project, collecting data and conducting a literature review. You can save anywhere from six months to several years by heading directly to a doctoral program.

Build Stronger Relationships with Your Professors by Skipping a Master’s Degree

Networking matters in graduate school. Your professors will help you get jobs, research grants and valuable laboratory experience. They’ll also sit on your dissertation and oral exam committees and decide whether you even graduate. By entering a PhD program right away, you’ll be able to form stronger relationships with your professors. You’ll be relying on them as mentors and fellow scholars throughout your entire graduate career. Plus, most of your professors will have doctoral degrees and a passion for academic research; if you’re just a master’s degree student, they’ll assume you have different long-term goals.

Enhance Your Learning with a Master’s Degree in Psychology

A doctoral degree prepares you to conduct research studies in the field of psychology. This means learning statistics, literature synthesis and other research skills as well as studying the history of psychological experiments. A master’s degree is less focused on research and more focused on teaching you about the field of psychology today. For some students, earning a master’s degree before a PhD offers a chance to explore an area of interest without the pressure of conducting research and writing a dissertation. You can choose one concentration for your master’s degree and a different area of focus for your PhD, giving you a broader understanding of the field.

Make Sure You Want a PhD

The average PhD takes almost 7 years to complete. That’s a significant portion of your life. Graduate school, peer-reviewed research and teaching classes are very different experiences than your undergraduate studies. Earning a master’s degree in psychology first lets you test the waters and make sure you want to commit yourself to academia. You should try to publish a peer-reviewed paper during your M.S. studies to gain experience with this style of writing and ensure you enjoy it.

Not all schools allow you to enroll in a doctoral program without a master’s degree because they want to ensure you understand the commitment you’re making. While your preferred school may not make it possible to skip a master’s in psychology and go straight to a PhD, only you can decide if that’s a positive or a negative.

Top 20 Most Affordable Doctoral Psychology Programs

Trending now

• Best Online Programs
• Best Campus Programs
• Behavior Psychology
• Clinical Psychology
• Counseling & Mental Health
• Developmental Psychology
• Educational Psychology
• Forensic Psychology
• General Psychology
• Health Psychology
• Industrial/Organizational
• Marriage Family Therapy
• Social Psychology
• Social Work
• Educational Psychologist
• Forensic Psychologist
• Clinical Psychologist
• Family Psychologists
• Marriage Family Therapist
• School Psychologist
• Social Psychologist
• School Counselors
• Neuropsychologist
• I/O Psychologist
• Sports Psychologist
• Addiction Counselor
• Mental Health Psychologist
• Counseling Psychologist
• Occupational Psychologist
• Child Psychiatrist
• Connecticut
• Massachusetts
• Mississippi
• New Hampshire
• North Carolina
• North Dakota
• Pennsylvania
• Rhode Island
• South Carolina
• South Dakota
• West Virginia
• PsyD vs PhD

Getting Your Psychology PhD or PsyD Without a Master’s

Completing a doctoral degree in psychology can be a crucial educational step toward a challenging but rewarding career in the field, whether working with patients or contributing to the field in other ways.

With multiple possible degree paths that end in similar outcomes, it can be difficult for students to understand the best route to take, depending on the education they already have. Specifically, for students who have only a bachelor’s degree, many worry their options for a psychology Ph.D. or a Psy.D. may be limited.

So let’s explore what students need to know about getting a psychology Ph.D. or Psy.D. without having a master’s degree.

Psychology Doctorate Options

At the end of both a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Psychology and a Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.), an individual will have earned a doctorate and, depending on their personal preferences and professional goals, could use the “Dr.” title. But the details of the degrees are quite different, and which is right likely will depend on the individual and their career dreams.

In general, Psy.D. degrees are more appropriate for those who want to work directly with patients or clients, while Ph.D. degrees may appeal more to those who want to work in academic research to help advance understanding of human behavior.

SEE ALSO:   Online Accredited PsyD Programs

Of course, that’s a guideline rather than a rule, and students who earn either type of degree can work in many different areas of psychology, or may earn enough experience and education to overlap a few areas of the field.

Importantly, though, it’s more common for Psy.D. tracks than Ph.D. tracks to include supervised professional experience as part of the doctoral program, which may impact a graduate’s ability to earn professional licensure (more on that later).

Starting Point

Regardless of what comes next, prospective psychology doctoral students will need to earn a bachelor’s degree. Ideally, they’d major in psychology in college, though there are a handful of other subjects that could suffice, depending on their doctoral program.

These include:

• Social work
• Anthropology

Many doctoral programs will accept applicants who have only a bachelor’s degree, but there are several considerations that may impact whether doctoral candidates can apply with only an undergrad degree:

• Length of doctoral program: Shorter Ph.D. or Psy.D. programs, meaning those that are designed to be completed in only a few years, will usually require students to complete a master’s degree before they apply. For example, an optional completion timeline offered in the Psy.D. program at the University of Indianapolis accepts only those applicants who have already completed a master’s degree in the field, and the admissions office prefers those who already have some practical experience under their belts. UIndy’s 3+1 track can be completed in only four years, while most psychology doctorates will take at least five and sometimes closer to seven years.
• Master’s en route: In most longer-timeline programs, students will earn a master’s degree on their way to getting their doctorate. For example, the Tufts University  Ph.D. in Psychology will last at least five years, and students will complete a master’s degree at the end of their second year in the program.
• Prior coursework: In many psychology doctoral programs, students aren’t required to have majored in psychology at any level but rather it’s necessary for them to have completed certain coursework integral to the study of psychology. At the Rutgers Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology , Clinical Psy.D. applicants are required to have completed undergrad courses in introductory psychology, statistics, abnormal psychology and biological bases of psychology, in addition to at least one course in cognitive, developmental and/or social psychology, psychology and perception, conditioning and learning, and psychology of personality.

SEE ALSO:   List of Combined Master’s and PsyD Programs

In every state, a series of rules and guidelines apply to the licensure of psychologists. States vary quite dramatically in what they require, but a psychology doctorate is generally the most important educational step.

However, professional experience is also required in every state, usually both before and after earning a doctorate. That means that students who attend Psy.D. or Ph.D. programs that don’t include a supervised professional experience period, such as an internship or other professional practicum, may not satisfy the licensure requirements in their state.

Additionally, many states require students who attend programs that are not accredited by the American Psychology Association to provide a detailed list of all coursework at the doctoral level, and students may have to take remedial graduate courses if their programs don’t meet the standards.

Earning your doctoral degree in psychology, whether by completing a Ph.D. or a Psy.D., is the single best way to earn licensure and become a professional psychologist. While there’s no single possible way of getting there, students who don’t have a master’s degree, and have no need to earn one, likely will find many options for doctorate programs.

• Is a PhD in Computer Science Worth It?
• Things You Can Do with a PhD in CS
• Pros and Cons
• What to Expect in a PhD Program
• Skills and Knowledge

Financial Considerations

• Alternatives to a PhD
• Evaluating the ROI

Is a PhD in Computer Science Worth It in 2024? Uncover the Pros and Cons

Is a PhD in Computer Science worth it? That’s the question on the minds of many aspiring tech wizards and seasoned professionals alike.

Diving into a PhD is no small feat—it’s a journey that demands time, dedication, and, let’s be honest, a fair bit of brainpower. But what’s at the end of this academic rainbow? Prestigious research positions, groundbreaking discoveries, or perhaps a sense of personal achievement?

In this article, we’ll peel back the layers of this complex decision, offering insights and perspectives to help you steer through this important choice. Whether you’re driven by passion for research or the allure of high-level industry roles, let’s explore together what a PhD in Computer Science can mean for you—no fluff, just the facts, and a bit of friendly advice.

Is It Worth Getting a PhD in Computer Science?

Whether a PhD in Computer Science is worth it really depends on what you want out of your career and what excites you most. If you’re aiming for high-level research roles in academia or industry, a PhD can open those doors, letting you work on cutting-edge technologies and become a top expert in your field.

But keep in mind, it’s a big time commitment, usually 4-6 years, and it doesn’t always lead to higher pay compared to jobs you can get with just a master’s degree. Plus, less than 10% of PhD grads land tenure-track academic positions.

If you’re passionate about research and ready to invest the time and effort, a PhD can open doors to exciting opportunities. But it’s also important to consider the time commitment, financial implications, and alternative paths.

In the sections that follow, we’ll explore these factors more deeply to help you make an informed decision about whether pursuing a PhD is worthwhile.

5 Things You Can Do with a Doctorate Degree in Computer Science

A doctorate in computer science opens up a world of opportunities, allowing you to dive deep into advanced research and secure high-level positions. Here is our list of the five careers you can pursue with a doctorate degree in computer science:

1. Computer Science Professor

As a professor, you can teach and mentor the next generation of computer scientists while conducting your own research. This role is ideal if you love academia and research.

2. Computer and Information Research Scientist

In this role, you’ll work on cutting-edge technologies and solve complex problems, often in a research lab or for a tech company. It’s perfect for those passionate about innovation.

3. Chief Technology Officer (CTO)

As a CTO, you lead a company’s tech strategy, making high-level decisions about technology and innovation. This role is perfect for those who want to blend research with leadership.

4. Data Scientist

Data scientists analyze complex data to help organizations make informed decisions. This role is in high demand and offers lucrative salaries, making it a practical choice for PhD holders.

5. AI Researcher

Specializing in artificial intelligence, you’ll develop new algorithms and models, pushing the boundaries of what AI can achieve. This is a rapidly growing field with immense potential.

As we’ve listed, a PhD in CS can lead to diverse and fulfilling career paths. Whether you aim for academia, industry, or leadership roles, the skills and knowledge you gain will be invaluable.

Pros and Cons of a Doctorate in Computer Science

Getting a doctorate degree in computer science is a major commitment, and it’s important to weigh the pros and cons before embarking on this journey. Let’s break it down:

Here are some advantages:

Here are some disadvantages:

Remember, the decision to get a PhD should be driven by your passion for research and a genuine interest in contributing to the field. From the pros and cons we’ve outlined above, pursuing a PhD presents a demanding journey. However, for those who find fulfillment in an academic environment, the potential rewards are significant.

What to Expect in a Computer Science PhD Program

When considering a PhD in Computer Science, it’s important to understand what the program entails and how long it typically takes. Most PhD programs in this field last between 4-6 years and are structured around a combination of coursework, research, and a dissertation.

You’ll start with advanced classes to build a strong foundation, then move on to conducting original research under the guidance of a faculty advisor, and finally, you’ll write and defend your dissertation.

Skills and Knowledge Gained

Starting a doctoral journey in computer science isn’t just about earning a title; it’s going deep into the world of tech that may significantly shape your skillset and knowledge. Here’s a sneak peek into what you might learn along the way:

• Advanced Research Skills : You’ll likely become a pro at digging deep into complex topics, uncovering new insights, and pushing the boundaries of what’s known.
• Problem-Solving Mastery : Tackling some of the toughest challenges in the field may fine-tune your ability to think critically and find innovative solutions.
• Technical Writing : The art of clearly communicating complex ideas in writing is a skill you may master, making your research accessible to others.
• Expertise in Specialized Areas : Whether it’s artificial intelligence, software engineering, or another niche, you might emerge as an expert in a specific domain of computer science.
• Collaboration and Teamwork : Working closely with peers and mentors may enhance your ability to collaborate effectively on complex projects.

Remember, while a PhD can be a gateway to acquiring these skills, it’s not a guaranteed path to success. We encourage you to make the most of the journey and apply what you learn.

Career Opportunities and Financial Benefits

Getting a doctoral degree in computer science can open up a wide range of career opportunities and potentially lead to significant financial benefits. Here’s a closer look at what you might expect:

Career Opportunities

• Academia: Many PhD graduates go on to become professors or researchers at universities. Institutions like MIT, Georgia Tech, and the University of Washington are common destinations for PhD holders.
• Industry and Research Labs: Companies such as Apple, Microsoft, and Intel, as well as research labs like Oak Ridge National Laboratory, actively seek PhD graduates for advanced research roles.
• Startups: Some PhD holders leverage their expertise to launch or join innovative startups, contributing to cutting-edge technology development.

Financial Benefits

• Higher Earning Potential: PhD holders in computer science often have higher earning potential compared to those with just a masters degree. For example, professionals with a PhD can earn significantly more in specialized roles such as computer and information research scientists, who have a median annual salary of over $145,080, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
• Specialized Roles: Advanced positions like computer network architects and information security analysts, which often require or prefer a PhD, offer salaries well above the national average, sometimes exceeding $195,000 annually (BLS).

As we’ve highlighted, while a PhD in Computer Science can lead to rewarding career paths and financial gains, it’s important to weigh these benefits against the time and effort required to complete the program.

When deciding whether to pursue a PhD in Computer Science, it’s important to weigh the financial aspects.

Salaries: PhD vs. Masters

On average, PhD holders in computer science can earn between $92,000 and $138,000 per year. In contrast, those with a master’s degree typically earn less, though still substantial salaries.

According to PayScale, the average salary for a PhD holder is around $133,000, while a master’s degree holder earns about $102,000 annually.

Opportunity Cost: Time Spent in Academia vs. Industry Experience

The opportunity cost is a significant consideration. Spending 4-6 years in academia means forgoing potential industry earnings and experience during that time. Additionally, while many PhD programs offer stipends and tuition waivers, the financial support may not fully cover living expenses, leading to potential financial strain.

On the flip side, a PhD can open doors to high-level research positions and academic roles that may not be accessible with just a masters degree. Ultimately, it’s about balancing your passion for research with the financial realities and long-term career goals.

Potential Challenges and Drawbacks

Getting a PhD in Computer Science comes with its fair share of challenges. First, the time commitment is significant, typically taking 4-6 years to complete. This extended period means you might miss out on industry experience and potential earnings during those years.

While many PhD programs provide stipends and tuition waivers, the financial support may not be enough to cover all living expenses, potentially causing financial difficulties.

According to the Council of Graduate Schools , the dropout rate for PhD programs can be as high as 51%, reflecting the demanding nature of the program. Balancing coursework, research, and teaching responsibilities can be overwhelming, and not everyone makes it to the finish line.

Understanding these challenges is crucial in deciding if a PhD is the right path for you.

Alternatives to a PhD in CS

If a PhD feels like a big commitment, there are plenty of other paths to consider. Here are some alternatives we suggest that might suit your career goals and interests:

Master’s Degrees and Professional Certifications

• Master’s in Computer Science : Offers advanced knowledge and can lead to higher-paying roles.
• Master’s in Information Systems Management : Focuses on managing IT systems and can lead to roles like IT manager or systems analyst.
• Master’s in Data Science : Prepares you for roles in data analysis and machine learning, fields that are in high demand.
• AWS Certified Solutions Architect : Validates your expertise in designing and deploying scalable systems on AWS, a valuable skill in today’s cloud-driven world.
• Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP) : Demonstrates advanced networking skills, opening doors to network engineering and administration roles.

Industry Experience and Self-Learning

Gaining hands-on experience in the industry can be just as valuable as formal education. Many tech professionals build successful careers through self-learning and on-the-job training. Resources like online courses, coding bootcamps, and professional development programs can help you stay current with industry trends and technologies.

Comparing the ROI of a PhD vs. Other Educational Paths

When considering the return on investment (ROI), it’s essential to weigh the costs and benefits. According to a report by the Foundation for Research on Equal Opportunity , the median ROI for a master degree in computer science is significantly higher than many other fields, often exceeding $500,000 over a lifetime.

In contrast, the financial return on a PhD can vary widely and may not always justify the additional time and expense. This discrepancy often leads many to question whether pursuing a master’s in computer science is worth it — more than obtaining a PhD.

At certain points in their career, some individuals may find an associate’s degree in computer science to be worthwhile . We recommend exploring these alternatives to help you find the best path to achieve your career goals without the long-term commitment of a PhD.

Find our quick answers to the most frequently asked questions below.

How Hard is it to Get into a PhD Program in Computer Science?

Getting into a PhD program in computer science is quite competitive.

• According to the University of Illinois Chicago , applicants need at least a 3.5 GPA in their final 60 semester hours and strong GRE scores, especially for financial aid.
• Harvard ‘s program highlights the need for a solid background in various sub-areas of computer science, along with a high GPA and strong letters of recommendation.
• The University of Washington receives around 2,500 applications annually for just 50-60 spots, making the acceptance rate roughly 2%.

These stats show that while challenging, strong academic credentials and research experience can significantly boost your chances.

Admission requirements can be quite rigorous. Here’s what we usually find:

• Prior Degrees: A master’s degree in computer science or a related field, though some programs accept exceptional candidates with just a bachelor’s degree in computer science or related.
• GPA: A strong GPA, often at least 3.5 out of 4.0.
• Standardized Tests: GRE scores are recommended and sometimes required, especially for financial aid applicants.
• Letters of Recommendation: Typically, three letters from academic or professional references.
• Personal Statement: A statement of purpose outlining your research interests and career goals.

Understanding these elements can help you decide if pursuing a PhD aligns with your career goals and interests.

Is a PhD Right for You?

Deciding whether to get a PhD in Computer Science is a deeply personal choice that depends on several factors.

We suggest starting with a self-assessment::

• What are your career goals?
• Are you financially stable enough to commit to several years of study?
• Do you have a genuine passion for research?

According to the University of Houston, a PhD requires a significant investment of time and effort, often 4-6 years.

Seek advice from current PhD holders and industry professionals. Many emphasize that a PhD is worthwhile if you love research and want to contribute to cutting-edge advancements. However, they also caution about the financial and emotional challenges involved.

Ultimately, making an informed decision means weighing your personal circumstances, career aspirations, and readiness for the demands of a PhD program. It’s about finding the right balance between your passion for research and the practical realities of life.

Can You Get a PhD in Computer Science While Working?

Yes, you can get a PhD in Computer Science while working, but it’s a challenging path that requires careful planning and commitment. Many computer science colleges offer part-time or online PhD programs designed for working professionals.

The key is finding a program that aligns with your schedule and career goals. You’ll likely need to balance coursework, research, and your job responsibilities, so strong time management skills are crucial. It’s also essential to have support from your employer and open communication about your academic pursuits.

While it’s possible, completing a PhD while working full-time is a significant undertaking, and the timeline may be extended compared to a traditional full-time program. With dedication and proper planning, you can make it work, but be prepared for a demanding journey.

Weighing the Value of a PhD in Computer Science

Is a PhD worth it? It depends on your career goals, financial stability, and passion for research.

We’ve explored the program structure, potential career opportunities, financial considerations, and the challenges involved. A PhD can open doors to high-level research positions and academic roles, but it also requires a substantial time and financial commitment.

It’s essential to weigh the pros and cons carefully and consider your personal circumstances. If you’re driven by a love for research and a desire to contribute to the field, a PhD might be the right path for you.

Get the Reddit app

This subreddit is for anyone who is going through the process of getting into graduate school, and for those who've been there and have advice to give.

getting a PhD without a masters

is it possible for someone with a bachelors degree to get a PhD without getting a masters?

Applying to MD-PhD Programs

New section.

Are you considering a MD-PhD program? Here the basics about applying to MD-PhD programs to help you get started.

The MD-PhD dual degree training prepares you for a career that is busy, challenging, and rewarding, and offers opportunities to do good for many people by advancing medical science, developing new diagnostics and treatments for diseases, and pushing back the boundaries of the unknown.

How do I know if a combined program is right for me?

MD-PhD programs are specifically designed for those who want to become physician-researchers, also known as physician-scientists. Graduates of MD-PhD programs often go on to become faculty members at medical schools, universities, and research institutes such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

MD-PhD program students are being prepared for careers in which they will spend most of their time doing research in addition to caring for patients. It is critical that applicants have a passion for doing both—most MD-PhD graduates feel strongly that they would not be fulfilled by only pursuing medicine or science.

How do I apply?

Nearly all MD-PhD programs participate in the application process via the American Medical College Application Service® (AMCAS®) . On the AMCAS application, students designate themselves as MD-PhD applicants and complete two additional essays: one related to why they are interested in MD-PhD training, and the other highlighting their significant research experiences.

What schools offer this type of program?

Nationwide, there are more than 90 MD-PhD programs affiliated with medical schools. The National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) supports Medical Scientist Training Programs or MSTPs. They currently provide training grants that partially support MD-PhD programs at 49 degree-granting institutions. You can see which schools offer MD-PhD degrees in the  Medical School Admission Requirements  profiles under “Combined Degrees and Special Programs.” You can also review  Individual MD-PhD Program Information for Prospective Applicants  for easy access to individual MD-PhD program websites.

How long does it take?

Students enter an integrated curriculum that typically takes seven to eight years to complete. During which time, they satisfy the full requirements for both the MD and the PhD degrees.

What kind of work can I do? How much time is spent as an MD? As a researcher?

According to a  study of MD-PhD program outcomes , nearly 80 percent of graduates are following career paths consistent with the goals of their training, including working as full-time faculty in academic medical centers or for the NIH, research institutes, industry, and federal agencies. Those in academia, spend between 50 and 80 percent of their time conducting research, though this can vary by specialty. Their research may be lab-based, translational, or clinical. The remaining time is often divided between clinical service, teaching, and administrative activities.

MD-PhD Application Timeline

AMCAS application opens:  May preceding the year of expected entry Applicants interviewed:  October–March Final decisions sent to applicants:  December–March Applicants revisit program(s) to decide where to matriculate:  March–April MD-PhD programs start:  June–August

• Like AAMC Pre-Med
• Follow @AAMCpremed

Information on how to become a research physician, also known as a physician-investigator or a physician-scientist.

A Personal Plea to Premeds

Trisha Kaundinya | January 13, 2021

When I was in college, I was in a premed “bubble” a lot of the time. I took many of my courses and labs alongside hundreds of other aspiring physicians. I would see the same people throughout my academic day, and sometimes even outside of the lecture hall. Because of this, I unintentionally overheard conversations […]

Get important information, resources, and tips to help you on your path to medical school—delivered right to your inbox each month.

• QUICK LINKS
• How to enroll
• Career services

Find your program

Choose a field of study.

Begin your journey