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In programming, a loop is used to repeat a block of code until the specified condition is met.

C programming has three types of loops:

• do...while loop

We will learn about for loop in this tutorial. In the next tutorial, we will learn about while and do...while loop.

The syntax of the for loop is:

• How for loop works?
• The initialization statement is executed only once.
• Then, the test expression is evaluated. If the test expression is evaluated to false, the for loop is terminated.
• However, if the test expression is evaluated to true, statements inside the body of the for loop are executed, and the update expression is updated.
• Again the test expression is evaluated.

This process goes on until the test expression is false. When the test expression is false, the loop terminates.

To learn more about test expression (when the test expression is evaluated to true and false), check out relational and logical operators .

for loop Flowchart

Example 1: for loop

• i is initialized to 1.
• The test expression i < 11 is evaluated. Since 1 less than 11 is true, the body of for loop is executed. This will print the 1 (value of i ) on the screen.
• The update statement ++i is executed. Now, the value of i will be 2. Again, the test expression is evaluated to true, and the body of for loop is executed. This will print 2 (value of i ) on the screen.
• Again, the update statement ++i is executed and the test expression i < 11 is evaluated. This process goes on until i becomes 11.
• When i becomes 11, i < 11 will be false, and the for loop terminates.

Example 2: for loop

The value entered by the user is stored in the variable num . Suppose, the user entered 10.

The count is initialized to 1 and the test expression is evaluated. Since the test expression count<=num (1 less than or equal to 10) is true, the body of for loop is executed and the value of sum will equal to 1.

Then, the update statement ++count is executed and count will equal to 2. Again, the test expression is evaluated. Since 2 is also less than 10, the test expression is evaluated to true and the body of the for loop is executed. Now, sum will equal 3.

This process goes on and the sum is calculated until the count reaches 11.

When the count is 11, the test expression is evaluated to 0 (false), and the loop terminates.

Then, the value of sum is printed on the screen.

We will learn about while loop and do...while loop in the next tutorial.

Table of Contents

• for Loop Examples

Video: C for Loop

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C Ternary Operator

For Loops in C – Explained with Code Examples

In programming, you'll use loops when you need to repeat a block of code multiple times.

These repetitions of the same block of code a certain number of times are called iterations . And there's a looping condition that decides the number of iterations.

The for and the while loops are widely used in almost all programming languages.

In this tutorial, you'll learn about for loops in C. In particular, you'll learn:

• the syntax to use for loops,
• how for loops work in C, and
• the possibility of an infinite for loop.

Let's get started.

C for Loop Syntax and How it Works

In this section, you'll learn the basic syntax of for loops in C.

The general syntax to use the for loop is shown below:

In the above syntax:

• initialize is the initialization statement – the loop control variable is initialized here.
• check_condition is the condition that determines if the looping should continue.

So long as check_condition is true, the body of the loop is executed.

• The update statement updates the loop control variable after the statements in the loop body are executed.

Control Flow in C for Loops

The control flow is as follows:

• Initialize the counter – the initialize statement is executed. This happens only once, at the beginning of the loop.
• Check if the looping condition is true – the expression check_condition is evaluated. If the condition is true , go to step 3. If false , exit the loop.
• Execute statements in the loop body.
• Update the counter – the update statement is executed.
• Go to step 2.

This is also illustrated below:

Now that you have an idea of how for loops work, let's take a simple example to see the for loop in action.

C for Loop Example

Let's write a simple for loop to count up to 10, and print the count value during each pass through the loop.

In the above code snippet,

• count is the counter variable, and it's initialized to 0 .
• The test condition here is count <= 10 . Therefore, count can be at most 10 for looping to continue.
• In the body of the loop, the value of count is printed out.
• And the value of count is increased by 1.
• The control then reaches the condition count <= 10 and the looping continues if the condition evaluates to true.
• In this example, the looping condition count < = 10 evaluates to false when the count value is 11 – and your loop terminates.

And here's the output:

When using loops, you should always make sure that your loop does terminate at some point.

You know that the looping continues so long as check_condition is true . And the looping stops once check_condition becomes false . But what happens when your looping condition is always true ?

Well, that's when you run into an infinite loop – your loop goes on forever, until your program crashes, or your system powers off.😢

You'll learn more about infinite loops in the next section.

Infinite for Loop

When your loop doesn't stop and keeps running forever, you'll have an infinite loop. Let's take a few examples to understand this.

▶ In the for loop construct, if you don't specify the test condition ( check_condition ), it's assumed to be true by default.

As a result, your condition never becomes false. And the loop will keep running forever until you force stop the program.

This is shown in the code snippet below:

▶ Here's another example.

You initialize the counter variable i to 10. And i increases by 1 after every iteration.

Notice how the test condition is i > 0 . Won't the value of i be always greater than 0?

So you have another infinite loop, as shown:

▶ In this example, your counter variable i is initialized to 0 . But it decreases by 1 with every iteration.

As a result, i always less than 10. So the condition i < 10 is always true , and you'll have an infinite loop.

To avoid running into infinite loops, you should define the looping condition correctly.

If you're a beginner, asking yourself the following questions may help.

What do I want this loop to do? How many times do I want the loop to run? When should my loop stop?

And then you can go ahead and define your loop construct accordingly. 🙂

I hope you found this tutorial helpful.

To sum up, you've learned the syntax of for loops and how they work. You also know how to anticipate the possibility of infinite for loops and how to avoid them by defining your looping condition carefully.

See you all soon in another tutorial. Until then, happy coding!

I am a developer and technical writer from India. I write tutorials on all things programming and machine learning.

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Loop in c: an overview.

Are you interested in programming but don't know where to start? Have you ever heard the term loop ? Looping is one of the key concepts behind programming, and learning how to use  Loop  in C can open up a new world of code. Gain the foundational skills from this C tutorial and move to the advanced  C training thatincludes in-depth coverage of loop  and other essential programming concepts.

Read More - Top 50 C Interview Questions and Answers

What are Loop in C?

Loops are a block of code that executes itself until the specified condition becomes false. In this section, we will look in detail at the types of loops used in C programming .

What is the Need for Looping Statements in C?

Here are some uses of loops in C:

• Loops allow the user to execute the same set of statements repeatedly without writing the same code multiple times.
• It saves time and effort and increases the efficiency .
• It reduces the chance of getting errors during compilation.
• Loop makes the code readable and easier to understand, especially when dealing with complex logic or large data sets.
• It promotes code reusability .
• Loops help traverse data structures like arrays or linked lists

Types of Loop in C

• do while loop

for loop in C

A for loop is a control structure that enables a set of instructions to get executed for a specified number of iterations. It is an entry-controlled loop.

for loop Flowchart

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C Functions

C structures, c reference.

When you know exactly how many times you want to loop through a block of code, use the for loop instead of a while loop:

Expression 1 is executed (one time) before the execution of the code block.

Expression 2 defines the condition for executing the code block.

Expression 3 is executed (every time) after the code block has been executed.

The example below will print the numbers 0 to 4:

Example explained

Expression 1 sets a variable before the loop starts (int i = 0).

Expression 2 defines the condition for the loop to run (i must be less than 5). If the condition is true, the loop will start over again, if it is false, the loop will end.

Expression 3 increases a value (i++) each time the code block in the loop has been executed.

C Exercises

Test yourself with exercises.

Use a for loop to print "Yes" 5 times:

Start the Exercise

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HackerRank For Loop in C programming problem solution

In this HackerRank For loop in c programming problem solution , In this challenge, you will learn the usage of the for loop, which is a programming language statement which allows code to be executed until a terminal condition is met. They can even repeat forever if the terminal condition is never met.

The syntax for the for loop is:

for ( <expression_1> ; <expression_2> ; <expression_3> )

    <statement>

expression_1 is used for intializing variables which are generally used for controlling the terminating flag for the loop.

expression_2 is used to check for the terminating condition. If this evaluates to false, then the loop is terminated.

expression_3 is generally used to update the flags/variables.

The following loop initializes i to 0, tests that i is less than 10, and increments i at every iteration. It will execute 10 times.

for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

    ...

For each integer [a,b] in the interval  (given as input) :

• If 1 <= n <= 9, then print the English representation of it in lowercase. That is "one" for 1, "two" for 2, and so on.
• Else if n > 9 and it is an even number, then print "even".
• Else if n > 9 and it is an odd number, then print "odd".

HackerRank For loop in c programming problem solution.

Second solution

Posted by: YASH PAL

You may like these posts, post a comment.

anyone can explain this problem for me guys pls pls

what if the b value is smaller than value a ? the loop won't run isn't it?

In the second solution

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37 C Programs and Code Examples on Loops

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Loops in C: For, While, Do While looping Statements [Examples]

What is Loop in C?

Looping Statements in C execute the sequence of statements many times until the stated condition becomes false. A loop in C consists of two parts, a body of a loop and a control statement. The control statement is a combination of some conditions that direct the body of the loop to execute until the specified condition becomes false. The purpose of the C loop is to repeat the same code a number of times.

Types of Loops in C

Depending upon the position of a control statement in a program, looping statement in C is classified into two types:

1. Entry controlled loop

2. Exit controlled loop

In an entry control loop in C, a condition is checked before executing the body of a loop. It is also called as a pre-checking loop.

In an exit controlled loop , a condition is checked after executing the body of a loop. It is also called as a post-checking loop.

The control conditions must be well defined and specified otherwise the loop will execute an infinite number of times. The loop that does not stop executing and processes the statements number of times is called as an infinite loop . An infinite loop is also called as an “ Endless loop .” Following are some characteristics of an infinite loop:

1. No termination condition is specified.

2. The specified conditions never meet.

The specified condition determines whether to execute the loop body or not.

‘C’ programming language provides us with three types of loop constructs:

1. The while loop

2. The do-while loop

3. The for loop

Sr. No.	Loop Type	Description
1.	While Loop	In while loop, a condition is evaluated before processing a body of the loop. If a condition is true then and only then the body of a loop is executed.
2.	Do-While Loop	In a do…while loop, the condition is always executed after the body of a loop. It is also called an exit-controlled loop.
3.	For Loop	In a for loop, the initial value is performed only once, then the condition tests and compares the counter to a fixed value after each iteration, stopping the for loop when false is returned.

While Loop in C

A while loop is the most straightforward looping structure. While loop syntax in C programming language is as follows:

Syntax of While Loop in C

It is an entry-controlled loop. In while loop, a condition is evaluated before processing a body of the loop. If a condition is true then and only then the body of a loop is executed. After the body of a loop is executed then control again goes back at the beginning, and the condition is checked if it is true, the same process is executed until the condition becomes false. Once the condition becomes false, the control goes out of the loop.

After exiting the loop, the control goes to the statements which are immediately after the loop. The body of a loop can contain more than one statement. If it contains only one statement, then the curly braces are not compulsory. It is a good practice though to use the curly braces even we have a single statement in the body.

In while loop, if the condition is not true, then the body of a loop will not be executed, not even once. It is different in do while loop which we will see shortly.

Following program illustrates while loop in C programming example:

The above program illustrates the use of while loop. In the above program, we have printed series of numbers from 1 to 10 using a while loop.

• We have initialized a variable called num with value 1. We are going to print from 1 to 10 hence the variable is initialized with value 1. If you want to print from 0, then assign the value 0 during initialization.
• In a while loop, we have provided a condition (num<=10), which means the loop will execute the body until the value of num becomes 10. After that, the loop will be terminated, and control will fall outside the loop.
• In the body of a loop, we have a print function to print our number and an increment operation to increment the value per execution of a loop. An initial value of num is 1, after the execution, it will become 2, and during the next execution, it will become 3. This process will continue until the value becomes 10 and then it will print the series on console and terminate the loop.

Do-While loop in C

A do…while loop in C is similar to the while loop except that the condition is always executed after the body of a loop. It is also called an exit-controlled loop.

Syntax of do while loop in C programming language is as follows:

Syntax of Do-While Loop in C

As we saw in a while loop, the body is executed if and only if the condition is true. In some cases, we have to execute a body of the loop at least once even if the condition is false. This type of operation can be achieved by using a do-while loop.

In the do-while loop, the body of a loop is always executed at least once. After the body is executed, then it checks the condition. If the condition is true, then it will again execute the body of a loop otherwise control is transferred out of the loop.

Similar to the while loop, once the control goes out of the loop the statements which are immediately after the loop is executed.

The critical difference between the while and do-while loop is that in while loop the while is written at the beginning. In do-while loop, the while condition is written at the end and terminates with a semi-colon (;)

The following loop program in C illustrates the working of a do-while loop:

Below is a do-while loop in C example to print a table of number 2:

In the above example, we have printed multiplication table of 2 using a do-while loop. Let’s see how the program was able to print the series.

• First, we have initialized a variable ‘num’ with value 1. Then we have written a do-while loop.
• In a loop, we have a print function that will print the series by multiplying the value of num with 2.
• After each increment, the value of num will increase by 1, and it will be printed on the screen.
• Initially, the value of num is 1. In a body of a loop, the print function will be executed in this way: 2*num where num=1, then 2*1=2 hence the value two will be printed. This will go on until the value of num becomes 10. After that loop will be terminated and a statement which is immediately after the loop will be executed. In this case return 0.

For loop in C

A for loop is a more efficient loop structure in ‘C’ programming. The general structure of for loop syntax in C is as follows:

Syntax of For Loop in C

• The initial value of the for loop is performed only once.
• The condition is a Boolean expression that tests and compares the counter to a fixed value after each iteration, stopping the for loop when false is returned.
• The incrementation/decrementation increases (or decreases) the counter by a set value.

Following program illustrates the for loop in C programming example:

The above program prints the number series from 1-10 using for loop.

• We have declared a variable of an int data type to store values.
• In for loop, in the initialization part, we have assigned value 1 to the variable number. In the condition part, we have specified our condition and then the increment part.
• In the body of a loop, we have a print function to print the numbers on a new line in the console. We have the value one stored in number, after the first iteration the value will be incremented, and it will become 2. Now the variable number has the value 2. The condition will be rechecked and since the condition is true loop will be executed, and it will print two on the screen. This loop will keep on executing until the value of the variable becomes 10. After that, the loop will be terminated, and a series of 1-10 will be printed on the screen.

In C, the for loop can have multiple expressions separated by commas in each part.

For example:

Also, we can skip the initial value expression, condition and/or increment by adding a semicolon.

Notice that loops can also be nested where there is an outer loop and an inner loop. For each iteration of the outer loop, the inner loop repeats its entire cycle.

Consider the following example with multiple conditions in for loop, that uses nested for loop in C programming to output a multiplication table:

The nesting of for loops can be done up-to any level. The nested loops should be adequately indented to make code readable. In some versions of ‘C,’ the nesting is limited up to 15 loops, but some provide more.

The nested loops are mostly used in array applications which we will see in further tutorials.

Break Statement in C

The break statement is used mainly in the switch statement . It is also useful for immediately stopping a loop.

We consider the following program which introduces a break to exit a while loop:

Continue Statement in C

When you want to skip to the next iteration but remain in the loop, you should use the continue statement.

So, the value 5 is skipped.

Which loop to Select?

Selection of a loop is always a tough task for a programmer, to select a loop do the following steps:

• Analyze the problem and check whether it requires a pre-test or a post-test loop.
• If pre-test is required, use a while or for a loop.
• If post-test is required, use a do-while loop.
• Define loop in C: A Loop is one of the key concepts on any Programming language . Loops in C language are implemented using conditional statements.
• A block of loop control statements in C are executed for number of times until the condition becomes false.
• Loops in C programming are of 2 types: entry-controlled and exit-controlled.
• List various loop control instructions in C: C programming provides us 1) while 2) do-while and 3) for loop control instructions.
• For and while loop C programming are entry-controlled loops in C language.
• Do-while is an exit control loop in C.
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HackerRank Solutions in C

In this challenge, you will learn the usage of the for loop, which is a programming language statement which allows code to be executed until a terminal condition is met. They can even repeat forever if the terminal condition is never met.

The syntax for the for loop is:

expression_1 is used for intializing variables which are generally used for controlling the terminating flag for the loop.

expression_2 is used to check for the terminating condition. If this evaluates to false, then the loop is terminated.

expression_3 is generally used to update the flags/variables.

The following loop initializes i to 0, tests that i is less than 10, and increments i at every iteration. It will execute 10 times.

For each integer n in the interval [a,b] (given as input) :

If 1<=n<=9, then print the English representation of it in lowercase. That is “one” for 1, “two” for 2, and so on.

Else if n>9 and it is an even number, then print “even”.

Else if n>9 and it is an odd number, then print “odd”.

Input Format

The first line contains an integer, a.

The seond line contains an integer, b.

Constraints

1<=a<=b<=10^6

Output Format

Print the appropriate English representation,even, or odd, based on the conditions described in the ‘task’ section.

Note : [a,b] = {x ∈ Z | a <= x <= b} = {a, a+1,....,b}

Sample Input

Sample Output

Steps Used in solving the problem -

Step 1:  First, we imported the required libraries.

Step 2:  Then, we declared the main function. Inside our function, we declared two integer variables. We have also used the scanf function to take inputs for our declared variables.

Step 3 : Then, we created a For loop that iterates from the value of variable "a" to the value of variable "b" (inclusive)

Step 4 : Then, we used a switch statement to print the corresponding word for the input number. This will also check if the number is even or odd.

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Basic trouble with for-loop in C

I'm incredibly new to C programming [last night my husband decided to make me turn an assignment in pseudo-code into a working C program...] so I apologize for how simple this might be. I'm also new to stackoverflow, so please let me know if I've made any basic mistakes.

I've written the following:

But I ran it with the numbers (2,4) and (2,8) and the result comes out 4 no matter what. Where is my mistake?

• 5 Your mistake is that you didn't make any effort to go through a basic C language guide and you didn't debug your code. –  user529758 Commented Nov 13, 2013 at 7:47
• 1 Why assign after if(m==0) ? you know the answer if m is 0, so just return it: if(m == 0) return 1; and if(m == 1) return n; –  Elias Van Ootegem Commented Nov 13, 2013 at 7:50
• You may want to use ready C method called pow(). Please see tutorialspoint.com/c_standard_library/c_function_pow.htm –  Kamil Wozniak Commented Nov 13, 2013 at 7:51
• @kamilw Naw, that's for floating-point values. You do not want to use it for integer operations. –  user529758 Commented Nov 13, 2013 at 10:26
• @H2CO3 Good point, thank You. :) –  Kamil Wozniak Commented Nov 13, 2013 at 11:00

6 Answers 6

is equivalent to

You need to remove the ; from the end of your for statements.

You also need to use == for comparison. m=0 assigns 0 to m then returns 0 , causing your if condition to fail.

Right, a couple of things, first those others have adressed in their answer, too:

• you're using the assignment operator when you want the comparison operator: = assigns, == compares.
• A semi-colon is the end of a statement, ; is an empty, yet valid statement so if(m ==0); is saying: "if m is 0, do nothing" . Your for loop suffers from the same issue.
• As I said in my comment: why assign if you know the answer: if(m==0) result = 1; is a tad redundant, IMHO, I'd just write if (m == 0) return 1;

Now, something else: You're computing an int, to the power of another int. Technically, 2^33 should be "computable" , but an int simply isn't big enough. Here's an alternative suggestion:

I've also removed the if (exp == 1) , as the way the loop is written, it can now deal with that. Statements worth explaining:

I've changed the function's signature a bit: it now returns a long long value, to accomodate the larger values, which a power of -function may return. I've also declared the second argument to be an unsigned int , to avoid having to deal with negative powers. Your function wasn't ready for that, but you didn't check to see if m < 0 , you just assumed it was valid input.

Note: No semi-colon after the closing parentheses

This will promote the int to a long long value, and automatically assigns i^1 to result .

There's a lot going on here. For a start, the loop begins with --exp , which is the same as exp -= 1 , or exp = exp -1; . The condition for the loop to continue is simply exp . This evaluates to false if exp is 0. Suppose exp was 1, then beginning the loop automatically sets exp to 0, and the loop is never entered. If exp was > 1, then the loop continues, decrementing exp until it, too, reaches zero. On each iteration result *= i; , which is short for result = result * i is computed. After all this is done, return result returns a long long value...

As H2CO3 pointed out, this snippet can be simplified even more:

Instead of checking for an exp == 0 , just assigning 1 to result from the get-go, and taking things from there will do just fine... Note that for(;exp;--exp) isn't a typo. The first semicolon has to be present, but there's no expression that needs evaluating there. If you find for (exp;exp;--exp) , that works, too.

Note: By no means is this function "ready for production" , this is just a basic example of how one might calculate i1^i2 , for a more complete example of a pow function, have a look here , and see if you can work out how the code works. You'll probably need some more info, and perhaps a book on the C language, though

• 1 you don't need to check the exponent for 0 explicitly. Just assign 1 to the result, then iterate from 0 to the exponent, multiplyijg the result with the base. –  user529758 Commented Nov 13, 2013 at 10:28
• @H2CO3: Right indeed. I was too hung up on not assigning unless I was really going to use the var, I didn't think about that. Added a shortened version of the calc_power function without the if 's –  Elias Van Ootegem Commented Nov 13, 2013 at 10:41

Also for-loop

You're for-loop will run from i = 2 to m incrementing, but it cannot reflect what logic intended to perform under it.

Your problem is here:

You need to remove the ; from the end of this line; at the moment, it's just effectively this:

• Semicolon ends the statement;

if ( / * Some condition * /);

basically mean if(/*whatever*/) do ; i.e. nothing instead of

= is assignment, == is equal to tester

This means assign 1 to m Assignment operator returns the RHS so it turns into

which means if(true)

if(m = 0); means you are assigning 0 to the variable m so it will never be true.also you are putting a ';' in your if statement so the statement after the if will not be affected by the condition.

• No, assigning 0 means it will never be true. –  unwind Commented Nov 13, 2013 at 8:21
• @unwind ah sorry that was a silly mistake.i updated my answer.you are right assigning 0 means the condition will always be false. –  R R Commented Nov 13, 2013 at 8:43

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Rank	Change	Language	Share	Trend
1		Python	27.99 %	+0.0 %
2		Java	15.91 %	-0.8%
3		Javascript	9.18 %	-0.3%
4		C/C++	6.76 %	+0.2%
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13		Kotlin	1.76 %	-0.1%
14		Matlab	1.6 %	+0.0%
15		Ada	1.02%	+0.2%
16		Ruby	1.0 %	-0.1 %
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19		VBA	0.93 %	-0.1 %
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4	3		Java	8.35%	-3.63%
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13	11		Go	1.19%	+0.05%
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#include <stdio.h>

int   main () {   int    i ;   float   avg = 0 ,  sum = 0  , a [ 10 ];  

  printf ( “Enter 10 numbers” );   for  ( i = 0 ;  i <= 9 ;  i ++)   scanf ( “ %d “ , & a [ i ]);

  for  ( i = 0 ;  i <= 9 ;  i ++); {   sum = sum + a [ i ];   avg =  sum / 10.0 ; }   printf ( “average is  %f “ ,  avg );

return   0 ; }

the output averge is 0.00000 please help i’m beginer in c programming using visual studio code

Try with this code ..

#include<stdio.h>

int main() {  int a[20],i ,n ;  float avg=0 , sum=0 ;

 printf(“Enter no of elements in array :\n “);  scanf(“%d”, &n);  printf(“\n Enter the array of element : \n”);

 for (i=1; i<=n; i++)  {    scanf(“%d”,&a[i]);  }   for (i=1; i<=n; i++)   {     sum=sum+a[i];     avg= sum/n;   }

 printf(“\n sum of elements :%f”,sum);  printf(“\n average is %f”, avg);

return 0; }

#include <stdio.h> int main(){ /*Short and Sweet Code, Working code Please check inverted commas while running this code.*/

  int value[10];   float Sum, Average;   for(int i=0; i<=9; i++){   printf(“Enter %d number: \n”, i+1);   scanf(“%d”, &value[i]);   }

  for(int i=0; i<=9; i++){

    Sum += value[i];      } Average = Sum/10;

printf(“Average of these 10 numbers is %f”, Average);     return 0; }

#include<stdio.h> int main() { /*You have made 2 mistakes in this program.*/  int  i;  float avg=0, sum=0 ,a[10];    printf(“Enter 10 numbers”);  for (i=0; i<=9; i++)  scanf(“ %d “, &a[i]); /*ERROR 1: %d should be replaced with %f in your program because you declared a[10] as a float so you cannot use %d.*/

 for (i=0; i<=9; i++) ; /*ERROR 2: In this Loop Remove this semicolon after the brackets.*/ {  sum=sum+a[i];  avg= sum/10.0; }  printf(“average is %f“, avg);

/*After Doing this correction your program will run without giving error OR zero.*/

return 0; }

Plz Solve this Programe

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Write a c program for There are 20 workers working in a field. the owner of Field gives them 20 rupees. In that 20 rupees each man get 4 rupees each woman get 50 paise and each child get 25 paise. Then how many are men, women, children in that 20 workers?

A vending machine questions

1. Write a C program to print all odd numbers between 2 values ‘n’ and ‘m’. Read the values ‘n’ and ‘m’ from the user and print all the odd numbers in this range (inclusive range, i.e if ‘n’ or ‘m’ is odd, print those as well).

write a programming using for loop to print all the numbers from them as even m to n there by case classifying them as even or odd

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Home » C programming language

C Programs with Solutions

This section contains popular C programs with solution. Learn and practice these programs to test and enhance your C skills. Last updated : April 01, 2023

The best way to learn C programming is by practicing and solving the C programs (C problems). We have 1000+ C programs with solutions which are categorized below. Practice these C programs to learn and enhance your C problem-solving skills.

List of C programs

Practice the C programs based on the categories, library functions, advanced, top searched, and latest.

C programs by categories

• C Basic and Conditional Programs 90
• C switch case programs 06
• C 'goto' programs 10
• Bitwise related Programs 32
• Looping (for, while, do while) Programs 18
• C String Manipulation programs 10
• C String programs 50
• String User Define Functions Programs 11
• Recursion Programs 13
• Number (Digits Manipulation) Programs 10
• Number System Conversion Programs 15
• Star/Pyramid Programs 17
• Sum of Series Programs (set 1) 05
• Sum of Series Programs (set 2) 13
• Pattern printing programs 01
• User Define Function Programs (1) 05
• User Define Function Programs (2) 13
• One Dimensional Array Programs 58
• Two Dimensional Array (Matrix) Programs 21
• File Handling Programs 32
• Structure & Union Programs 12
• Pointer Programs 13
• Dynamic Memory Allocation Programs 05
• Command Line Arguments Programs 06
• Common C program Errors 22
• C scanf() programs 11
• C preprocessor programs 24
• C typedef programs 03
• C SQLite programs 11
• C MySQL programs 09
• C Tricky Programs 07
• Misc Problems & Solutions 05

C programs on standard library functions

• ctype.h Library Functions (Set 1)
• ctype.h Library Functions (Set 2)
• string.h Library Functions
• conio.h Library Functions
• dos.h Library Functions
• math.h Library Functions
• graphics.h Library Functions
• assert.h Library Functions
• stdio.h Library Functions

Advance C programs

• C program to create your own header file/ Create your your own header file in C
• gotoxy(),clrscr(),getch(),getche() for GCC, Linux.
• fork() function explanation and examples in Linux C
• C program to print character without using format specifiers.
• C program to find Binary Addition and Binary Subtraction.
• C program to print weekday of given date.
• C program to format/extract ip address octets
• C program to check given string is a valid IPv4 address or not.
• C program to extract bytes from an integer (Hexadecimal) value
• C program to store date in an integer variable

Top searched C programs

Here is the list of most important/useful programs searched on the web .

Top visited programs on IncludeHelp

• Pattern Programs in C
• C program to design calculator with basic operations using switch
• C program to find factorial of a number
• C program to check whether number is Perfect Square or not
• C program to find SUM and AVERAGE of two numbers
• C program to convert temperature from Fahrenheit to Celsius and Celsius to Fahrenheit
• C program to read and print an employee's detail using structure
• Dynamic Memory Allocation programs
• C program to convert number from Decimal to Binary
• C program to check whether number is Palindrome or not

Top searched programs on the web

• First C program to print "Hello World".
• C program to find factorial of a number.
• C program to swap two numbers without using third variable.
• C program to check whether a number if Armstrong or not.
• C program to check whether a number if Even or Odd.
• C program to print all leap years from 1 to N.
• C program to calculate employee gross salary.
• C Program to print tables of numbers from 1 to 20.
• C program to print star/pyramid series.
• C program to convert temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit and vice versa.
• C program to convert number from Decimal to Binary.
• C program to convert number from Binary to Decimal.
• C program to print ASCII Table.
• C program to get and set current system date and time.
• C program to run dos command.

Latest C programs

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• Find the length of a linked list using recursion
• Count the number of occurrences of an element in a linked list without using recursion
• Count the number of occurrences of an element in a linked list using recursion
• C program to convert a Binary Tree into a Singly Linked List by Traversing Level by Level
• C program to Check if nth Bit in a 32-bit Integer is set or not
• C program to swap two Integers using Bitwise Operators
• C program to replace bit in an integer at a specified position from another integer
• C program to find odd or even number using bitmasking
• C program to check whether a given number is palindrome or not using Bitwise Operator
• C program to count number of bits set to 1 in an Integer
• C program to check if all the bits of a given integer is one (1)
• C program to find the Highest Bit Set for any given Integer
• C program to Count the Number of Trailing Zeroes in an Integer
• C Program to find the Biggest Number in an Array of Numbers using Recursion
• C program to accept Sorted Array and do Search using Binary Search
• C Program to Cyclically Permute the Elements of an Array
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• Write your own memset() function in C
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• Write your own memcpy() function in C
• memcpy() function in C with Example

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C Program to Solve the 0-1 Knapsack Problem

Prerequisite:   Introduction to Knapsack Problem, its Types and How to solve them

The 0-1 Knapsack Problem is a classic dynamic programming problem where the goal is to maximize the total value of ( N ) items, each having a weight and a value, that can be included in a knapsack with a maximum weight capacity ( W ) without exceeding its capacity. It differs from the fractional knapsack problem, where we can take fractions of items. In the 0-1 knapsack problem, we can either take an item completely or leave it.

To learn more about the 0-1 Knapsack Problem refer:  0/1 Knapsack Problem

Methods For Solving 0/1 Knapsack Problem

Recursion Approach for 0/1 Knapsack Problem

Memoization approach for 0/1 knapsack problem, tabulation or bottom-up approach for 0/1 knapsack problem.

The recursive approach is based on a idea of exploring all the combinations of items possible by including and excluding each item at every step and then decide to pick the subset having maximum value among all these subsets. To solve the 0-1 Knapsack problem using recursion we can follow the below approach:

Define a function that takes knapsack capacity W, number of items N, array of item weights and array of values as it’s parameters. If there are no items left i.e if n==0 or it the knapsack capacity is 0 i.e if W==0 then return 0. This will be the base case for the recursive function. If the weight of the current item is greater than the knapsack capacity, skip it and recursively call the function with remaining n-1 items. If the weight of the current item is less than or equal to the knapsack capacity, make two recursive calls: In the first one include the value of n-1th item and recursively call the function with reduced capacity W-weight[n-1] and n-1 items. In the second one exclude the current item and recursively call the function with unchanged capacity W and n-1 items. Return the maximum value obtained from the above recursive calls.

C Program for 0-1 Knapsack Problem Using Recursion

The following program illustrates how we can solve the 0-1 knapsack problem in C using recursion.

Time Complexity: O(2 N ) , where N is the total number of items. Auxiliary Space: O(N), considering the recursive stack space.

The recursion + memorization is a dynamic programming problem solving technique which is also known as Top-Down DP in which we optimize the recursive version of our solutions using an array to store the result of repeated subproblems from our recursive solution. To solve the 0-1 Knapsack problem using recursion+ memoization we can follow the below approach:

Create a 2-D array named dp with number of rows= maximum number of items and number of columns = maximum capacity of knapsack. Initialize the dp array with -1. If the value for any subproblem(n,w) is already computed that is if dp[n][w]!=-1 return dp[n][w]. Otherwise solve the problem using the recursive solution and store the result in dp[n][w].

C Program for 0-1 Knapsack Problem Using Memoization

The following program illustrates how we can solve the 0-1 knapsack problem in C using recursion + memorization.

Time Complexity: O(N*W), where N is the total number of items and W is the maximum capacity of the knapsack. Auxiliary Space: O(N*W)

Note: The code for this approach almost remains same as the recursive approach, only a 2D array is added to optimize the code.

The tabulation method is also a dynamic programming technique which is also known as Bottom-Up DP where we store the results of smaller subproblems into a table and then use the result of the smaller subproblems iteratively to solve the larger subproblems and find the actual result. To solve the 0-1 Knapsack problem using tabulation we can follow the below approach:

Create a 2D array dp of size (n+1)x(w+1), where dp[i][j] will store the maximum result for i items and j capacity of the knapsack. Initialize the dp[0][j] and dp[i][0] with 0 as the maximum profit will be 0 when either there are no items or the capacity of the knapsack is zero. For each item i from 1 to n and for each capacity w from 1 to j. If the weight of the current item wt[i-1] is less than or equal to w, then: dp[i][w] = max(val[i-1] + dp[i-1][w – wt[i-1]], dp[i-1][j]) Otherwise, if the weight of the current item is more than w, then: dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j] (same value as without considering the current item) Return the value of dp[n][w] that will contain the maximum value that can be achieved with the full capacity W using all n items.

C Program for 0-1 Knapsack Problem Using Tabulation

The following program illustrates how we can solve the 0-1 knapsack problem in C using tabulation.

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• Autonomous vehicles
• Nonlinear control systems
• Global stability
• Input saturation
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