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Five Tips for Creating an Engaging Space Battle
![spacebattles creative writing mass effect spacebattles creative writing mass effect](https://mythcreants.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Spacebattle.jpg)
Image by Bill Lile used under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0
Space battles are an important aspect of science fiction, especially space opera , and we want them to be engaging. At first blush, that might sound easy. Space battles have hyperdrives and torpedoes and lasers, oh my. How could that not be engaging? But it’s harder than you might think. Spacecrafts are complex and alien. It’s easy to drown your audience in endless technical details, fill page upon page with ships firing ineffectually at each other, or leave the audience wondering why the battle was set in space at all.
Fortunately, we storytellers are clever folk, and we have methods at our disposal for ensuring our space battles keep the audience on the edge of their seats. So strap in to your favorite spaceship and spool up the FTL drive. It’s time to explore some tips on keeping your space battle engaging.
1. Plan For Distance
![spacebattles creative writing mass effect spacebattles creative writing mass effect](https://mythcreants.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/pia18922-DawnStill2_lg-548x308.jpg)
I say this a lot, but space is big . Really big. So big that it’s difficult for our puny meat brains to comprehend. It’s also really empty, meaning that hostile ships will probably see each other from a long way off. This means that combatants will be engaging across millions of miles or more.
At those distances, the speed of light is no longer effectively instantaneous. It takes light one second to travel 186,282 miles, so by the time you see something happen that far away, it actually happened one second ago. At space distances, it’s impossible to know exactly where your enemy is. By the time the light * bounces off them and reaches your sensors, they’ve already moved.
This makes shooting difficult and calls for unique solutions. Ships in your setting might fire volleys of long-range missiles that can track the enemy once they close the distance. Or your ships might employ powerful prediction algorithms to guess at where the enemy is going to be and then fire at that spot. They might even sweep arcs of laser fire through the void like swords , trying to score a hit.
You have a lot of freedom in what options your space combatants use, as long as it has some plausibility. You can even use far more outlandish possibilities if you set them up properly. Your ships might battle by creating small gravitational singularities next to the enemy or broadcast mind-control memes via radio waves. What’s important is that your weapons feel like they’re designed for use in space. The vacuum is starkly different from any other battlefield, and unique weapons will help bring that home.
If you want a battle to take place at close range, you’ll need to set up a good reason for it. If it only needs to happen once, you could craft a scene in which two ships open fire as they depart from the same station. If you want close-range battles to be the norm, you’ll need a more robust explanation. Perhaps your setting’s FTL drives teleport ships directly to their destination, Battlestar Galactica style, which allows combatants to get really close to each other before attacking.
2. Determine Your Character’s Level of Control
![spacebattles creative writing mass effect spacebattles creative writing mass effect](https://mythcreants.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/ISS-43_Samantha_Cristoforetti_drinks_coffee_in_the_Cupola-548x365.jpg)
A space battle probably won’t be your hero floating alone through the void. * They’ll be on a spaceship and fighting enemies who are also in spaceships . This adds a layer of distance between the combatants, and it affects how you portray the battle.
First, decide how much control your character has over the ship. This can be broken down into three broad categories.
- The Character Is the Ship: This is for battles where the character is an artificial intelligence or a human with their nervous system wired directly into their vessel. They control the ship as if it were their own body and feel damage as if they were being hurt. The battle will be immediate, with no delay between the character’s thought and action.
- The Character Pilots the Ship: In this scenario, the character isn’t part of the ship, but they control most or all of its functions. They decide where it goes, when to fire the weapons, etc. The ship is like an all-encompassing piece of equipment . The battle is still fairly immediate, but there’s a slight delay between thought and action because the character must operate the ship’s controls.
- The Character Commands the Ship: Your character doesn’t operate any controls themselves. Instead they give orders to a team of subordinates. The character makes plans, but they must depend on others to carry those plans out. There is a longer delay between thought and action, because every order must travel down the chain of command .
Your character’s level of control will have a huge impact on how the battle is perceived. When a character is one with their ship, they perceive space as if through their own eyes. They “see” anything the ship’s sensors can detect. A pilot depends on display readouts, whereas a commander must often have data interpreted for them by subordinates, because there’s simply too much information for one person to handle.
Different control levels also influence a battle’s pacing. At the greatest degree of control, the battle will be fast and frantic, much like a sword fight , because the character is effectively fighting via their physical body. A pilot will have a little more time to think, but not much. They must plan each maneuver with only seconds to act, staying one step ahead of their enemy. A commander must endure delays as their orders are carried out. Use this time to build tension while the character speculates what the enemy will do next and reflects on the cost of failure.
3. Use the Environment to Add Novelty and Realism
![spacebattles creative writing mass effect spacebattles creative writing mass effect](https://mythcreants.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/640px-PIA18469-AsteroidCollision-NearStarNGC2547-ID8-2013-548x308.jpg)
Space is an environment unlike any other. It is cold, and yet things stay hot for a long time because there is no air to transfer heat. It is dark but also filled with the light of many stars. Emphasizing the alien nature of space is a great way to make your story more engaging, because the coolness factor and the added realism will ground your audience in the setting. To emphasize the environment, use some of these elements.
- Microgravity: This is also known as zero gravity or weightlessness, but in absolute terms, there’s always some gravity around. * Thanks to novels like The Expanse , microgravity is becoming more common in scifi stories, but it still has a lot of novelty value. People move differently in microgravity, and things just float around unless something pushes them. Describing how a character launches themself across a room, or how their hair billows around them, will just sound cool. Meanwhile, describing all the handholds, straps, and special drinking vessels needed in a weightless environment will make your setting more immersive.
- Acceleration: In space, the only limit on how fast something can go is the speed of light. That means for most spacecraft, it all comes down to acceleration. The ship that maintains greater acceleration for longer will have a major edge, but it comes with a cost. Acceleration produces a gravity-like effect inside the ship, and the faster a ship accelerates, the stronger the gravity. If the g-forces get too strong , they can injure or kill a ship’s crew. This is a great way to build tension: the ship accelerates to avoid incoming fire, but if it goes too fast, the crew won’t survive.
- Inertia: In an atmosphere , any moving object will stop eventually, either because it hits something or simply from air resistance. In space, this is not the case. A moving object will keep going practically forever, unless there’s a powerful gravity well nearby to pull it in. In your story, this quirk of physics is most likely to come up after a ship has been damaged so badly its engine no longer functions. At that point, the ship is adrift, unable to halt its progress, drifting into who knows what.
- Radiation: Space is full of radiation. So much radiation that it’s one of the biggest obstacles to putting a human on Mars . A space-battle setting probably has some kind of reliable radiation shielding, but that can disappear once the hull is breached. Even more dangerous than natural radiation is the radiation humans bring with them. A nuclear torpedo or breached fusion drive can put the crew in serious danger if they don’t find shelter quickly.
Those are just four of the many options at your disposal. You can also have characters overwhelmed by the vastness of space or create a powerful dissonance between the vacuum’s peaceful silence and the many people dying with each flash of a breached reactor. The important thing is to bring in space itself as part of the story, so your battle doesn’t seem like it could have taken place on land, sea, or sky.
4. Design Battle Tactics
![| Image: Strike Suit Zero by Born Ready Games used under CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Strike_Suit_Zero_-_Screenshot_01.jpg) spacebattles creative writing mass effect](https://mythcreants.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Strike_Suit_Zero_-_Screenshot_01-548x308.jpg)
One of the toughest parts of narrating a space battle is deciding what the ships do. Sure, you can write that they fire at each other, but without understandable tactics, that won’t mean a lot to the audience. A fight between humans is relatively easy to understand, but when space-faring vessels get involved, it’s harder to comprehend what’s happening. If your audience doesn’t understand the fight, they won’t be invested in the actions your characters take.
Fortunately, you don’t have to drown your audience in technical details. Instead, define what kind of advantage the combatants are trying to get over each other. For a low-tech example, consider naval tactics in the Age of Sail . In those battles, the main advantage was in keeping the enemy within your broadside, while staying out of theirs. This was simple in theory and incredibly complex in practice. It took a masterful knowledge of both the ship and the wind to maneuver properly, but a story about that period doesn’t need to explain everything. It just needs to show how the sail adjustment and weather reading allows a ship to get the advantage needed.
A story of space battles can use the same principle with different specifics. If your ships fight primarily with long-range missiles, then their tactics might revolve mostly around defense. Your characters would have to decide how to allocate their electronic countermeasures and point-defense fire. Do they try to stop every missile, or are they willing to let certain sections of the ship be hit in order to protect others ?
On the other hand, if your ships fight by sweeping space with laser fire, their tactics could focus on herding the enemy into a smaller and smaller volume of space, until there’s not enough room to maneuver properly. No matter the specifics, the important part is that you have a general method and goal that’s easy to communicate . That way, when the characters order a specific maneuver or firing pattern, the audience understands why they’re doing it.
5. Make Damage Matter
![spacebattles creative writing mass effect spacebattles creative writing mass effect](https://mythcreants.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/apollo-13-service-module-damage-2-548x327.jpg)
Finally, once you’ve figured out foundational details like distance and tactics, you’ve got to make this feel like a battle. One of the greatest weaknesses of space combat in fiction is that it can feel like two computer-generated objects are just flashing lights at each other until one of them disappears. In a battle, people are trying to kill each other, so it should feel like the characters are in danger . To do that, you must make the battle damage matter.
One of the more popular techniques in this area is to show how damage degrades the ship’s capabilities, making it harder for the characters to win the battle. This can work, but it requires that the audience have a thorough understanding of the battle mechanics in your story. Saying the main deflector dish has been disabled won’t matter much if the audience doesn’t understand what the main deflector dish did in the first place. Some storytellers try to fix this by having a character explain in the moment why losing the deflector dish is bad, but even that’s not great, since it can seem arbitrary or contrived.
Instead, you’ll get the best result if you first set up how the various components of your spacecraft work and then start taking them away. If your ships fight by lobbing missiles at each other, it’ll be easy to explain how the ship’s three radar dishes guide the missiles to their targets. From there, it’ll be intuitive that losing a dish makes the ship’s missiles less accurate.
A second option for making damage matter is to make it affect the characters directly. This is what Star Trek tries to do whenever consoles on the bridge explode, but you’ll want a method that makes a little more sense. * My personal favorite is to craft a setting where everyone wears spacesuits during a battle, so you can breach the hull without instant death by asphyxiation. Nothing makes the action impactful like a shot passing straight through the bridge, nearly taking off the protagonist’s head.
If it’s not feasible for battle damage to reach your characters’ location, you can still make the damage matter by endangering their friends. If you establish important relationships between your protagonist and some of their crewmates, you can ratchet up the tension by having some of those crewmates send a frantic call to the bridge saying how that last hit fractured the hull in their section and they can’t take much more.
And of course, if you picked a character who is one with their ship back in step two, you have even more options at your disposal. A character who inhabits their vessel can feel battle damage as a physical injury and react accordingly.
Like any other conflict, space battles follow the basic rules of storytelling. They need proper stakes, a strong motivation, a clear turning point, and so on. But space battles also have their own specific requirements. A poorly built one will seem distant and boring, but with the right techniques, the space battle can be a truly compelling piece of fiction.
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Comments on Five Tips for Creating an Engaging Space Battle
The Lost Fleet series, Star Wars: X-Wing series, and the Thrawn books all have pretty involving space battles, and they do their best to get the science of it right (or as close as possible in the case of the Star Wars ones, which have to conform to the established onscreen material).
I would think it’d be pretty impossible to write a realistic space battle scene in a universe where space can conduct sound and ships close to within feet of each other before firing their weapons.
I have reached at least a couple of headcanon conclusions about the physics in the Star Wars universe. For example I think that time is Newtonian (thus avoiding a lot of problems with time dilation and FTL travel), and that empty space has drag, at least for small (non-planetary) objects, which explains things like the need for constant propulsion to keep constant speed, the way space fighters maneuver, and a few aspects of the WWII-style naval battles. And maybe the sound in space.
In one of the X-Wing novels, a starship is mentione to have a rudder for a “luminous ether”, which caused drag.
In EVE online the official explanation is that the ship’s warp core causes an effect similar to drag and due to its inner workings cannot be shut down entirely or else it would explode (which also neatly explains the ship’s critical existence failure upon reaching 0 hp – the warp core is breached, stops and everything explodes).
Too much of fiction, especially TV & film, ignores the realities.
“Buck Rogers” & the original “BSG” used to really bug me. Buck had a Thing that drove me crazy: aileron rolls that looked flashy, but didn’t actually change direction at all. That’s a great way to get killed.
“BSG” treated the Vipers like fighter aircraft. I know some of it was lack of money for miniatures & SPFX shots, but it would have paid to spend some for stock footage of the Vipers moving directly sideways, or vertically, or radically diagonally, or just rotating on their axis & shooting back.
The idea of predictors is pretty accurate. Space battles limited by STL are very like antiaircraft: the target is much faster than the gunfire, & predictors were around even before modern supercomputers. Now, calculating a target’s likely future position would take account of every bit of environmental data & dead-accurate estimates of the possible delta-vee (up _and_ down) from point of contact: human limits are fixed, but a given ship will vary. So intelligence on hostile ship types & capabilities will be worth more than platinum.
Probably laser (or EM) main battery would be secondary to guided missiles capable of enormous delta-vee & extremely high velocities, plus a variety of terminal guidance options, & high innate “intelligence”.
There’s also an issue of heat rejection. It might be combat is less an issue of hitting your enemy than making him generate heat beyond his ability to reject it. How robust are the radiators? How vulnerable to large delta-vee are they?
Are there any articles on gun fights specifically? I recall gun tactics getting mentioned briefly, but I don’t recall any articles going into details on that subject specifically.
I do have a worldbuilding article about guns, but nothing specifically about gunfight scenes. https://mythcreants.com/blog/six-ways-guns-change-a-fantasy-setting/
Thanks. I’d like to see that subject covered in an article or podcast episode if at all possible for you guys.
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Dan Koboldt
Writer, blogger, and genetics researcher
Space Battles in Sci-fi
August 3, 2018 by dankoboldt 3 Comments
The Expert: Michael Mammay
Michael Mammay graduated from the United States Military Academy and served as an Army officer for 27 years. He holds a masters degree in military history is a veteran of Desert Storm, Somalia, and the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. In his spare time he writes science fiction and fantasy, usually with military influences. His debut novel Planetside was published in July 2018 by Harper Voyager. You should follow him on Twitter .
Space Battles in Science Fiction
It’s probably not news that the space battles you see in movies aren’t particularly realistic. Open any thread on Star Wars and you’re sure to find people pointing out a dozen things that defy the laws of physics. There are simple ones that most people know: Sound doesn’t travel through space, for example. But what would it really look like? While there are many things that go into realistic space combat, in this post I’ll talk about three factors that would influence those battles: Where the battles would happen, why most of it would be automated, and why you’d probably never actually see the enemy.
Location, location, location.
To quote Douglas Adams, from The Hitchiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, “Space is big. Really big. You just won’t believe how vastly hugely mind-bogglingly big it is.” Because it’s so big, there’s almost no chance you’d ever fight a battle there, because you’d never encounter the enemy. For example, say your space fleet is hanging out around earth. Say your fleet can go really fast. Let’s say 30 kilometers per second. That’s fast. For reference, that’s how fast the earth travels around the sun. It’s about 1/10,000 the speed of light, and it’s over 87 times the speed of sound (mach 87). It’s the speed that most asteroids hit the earth.
Say you detect an alien fleet hanging out somewhere in the vicinity of Mars’ orbit. If you started out immediately to engage that fleet at full speed, it would take you about three weeks to reach it. That’s how big space is. And that’s if the enemy sits there and waits for you. If they move, you’d have to change course. We’ll talk about why that’s a problem later on in the post.
The solar system in perspective. Numbers represent astronomical units (AUs), each representing the distance from the Earth to the Sun. (Credit: NASA)
Of course you can just speed up your ships in your fictional world, but that would mean the enemy would have faster ships, too, probably, and it really doesn’t matter. Space is way bigger than just Earth to Mars. If you went a hundred times faster than the previous example (now going 3000 km/s), you’d reach Mars in just a few hours. But at that new speed, it would still take you four weeks to reach Pluto’s orbit.
So where would you fight? The best historical example we have of this is the Pacific Theater of World War II . The Pacific is big, and with the slow speed of the ships involved, the size created a situation similar to what we’d expect to see in space. If you look at the major naval battles from that theater, they all happened near land. They happened near some piece of ground that interested both sides. They didn’t find each other in the ocean. They met to contest something they both wanted.
Translating this to a war in space, we would expect to see battles in places where both sides wanted to control something. It could be resources, either from a planet or an asteroid, or if you’re using something like jump points for faster than light travel, two forces might contest to control that point. What it comes down to is that holding space itself doesn’t matter. There needs to be something to focus both forces on the same spot to bring them together. In my novel, PLANETSIDE, they don’t fight in space at all. They go down to the planet and fight there. That’s not a great example, because in my galaxy, one side has a decided technological advantage over the other.
A great book where the author gets it right is Dauntless (The Lost Fleet #1) by Jack Campbell. If you want to read space-navy done well, you need this series.
Automated Space Battles
I have some bad news for you. The Cylons win. There’s a common saying that ‘speed kills.’ That’s not quite right. Acceleration kills. To be accurate, instead of speed, we will talk in velocity. Velocity is simply speed and direction. Acceleration is a change in velocity over time. So if an object changes speed and/or direction, it is accelerating (or decelerating, which is negative acceleration.) When there’s a significant acceleration, that force acts on the object, putting strain on the machine in question and the person inside it. Guess which one breaks first? We often refer to this as G-Force.
Human tolerance of linear acceleration (Wikipedia)
There are a lot of factors that determine how much G-Force a human can survive over time. An average person can probably handle five Gs, while a trained pilot in a special suit can routinely pull nine Gs over short periods of time. But whatever number you use, the human is the weak point in the system. We can use suits, or maybe drugs to help a human survive higher Gs for longer durations, but it’s still not going to be as much as the machine can stand on its own. The machine can out-accelerate the human, meaning it can change speed faster and change direction faster. That’s a pretty tough advantage to overcome in a battle.
Dogfights in Space
There are no dogfights in space. I know they look really cool, which is why they happen in the movies. But in reality, at super high speeds, you simply can’t turn. Consider our space fighter from the previous example, travelling at 30 kilometers a second. She flies by the enemy, and now she wants to turn and get right on the enemy’s tail. If she starts turning at the rate of one degree per second…that means it would take her three minutes to make a u-turn (three minutes!), she would pull over 50 Gs in that turn and pretty much turn herself into jello.
But she wouldn’t turn. She’d use small thrusters to flip her ship and accelerate in the opposite direction. Let’s make her super-human, and say she can sustain ten Gs for long periods of time. To decelerate from 30 kilometers to zero, at ten Gs, it would take her just over five minutes. She could then accelerate back up to speed in the opposite direction in another five minutes. So ten minutes later, she’d be right on the enemy’s tail. If he stopped and waited.
The race to develop combat spaceships would revolve around which side could make the machine that could handle the most G-Force and which side could develop the best AI to pilot it. You could also go with remotely piloted vehicles, but there would be a time lag, depending on the distance that your signal had to travel.
Some books that got this right include Joe Haldeman’s The Forever War , where they put human crews into liquid filled pods while computers fight the ship’s battles at high Gs, and The Expanse series, which regularly shows the effects of G-Force on humans and how they try to counter it via special seats and drugs.
You Can’t See Me: Visibility and Warfare
I talked above about how there aren’t dogfights in space, but more than that, the two fighting sides probably won’t see each other. Even in modern warfare, most air and naval battles would take place out of visual range. While you can see farther in space (because there’s no horizon), the distance between forces will increase so much that it won’t matter.
Actual footage of space warfare with missiles.
Missiles, with no humans aboard, will accelerate faster than ships with humans, and projectiles fired in space will continue on their trajectory forever (or until another force acts upon them.) The battle could come down to who can get more missiles at the other side fastest and get through whatever missile defense the other side had.
In a world where people carried enough missiles to overwhelm defenses, there’s a good possibility that both sides could destroy the other at the same time, since both sides would likely launch their offensive salvos at maximum range. On the other hand, if defensive weaponry had a technological advantage over offensive, you might see a situation where neither fleet could damage the other significantly. In those cases, they might close to shorter distances to try to act inside of the enemy’s defensive capability, but there are so many permutations on that that it’s hard to figure (which leaves a lot of room for writer imagination.)
It also depends on what we mean by ‘see.’ There are a variety of sensors one could use to locate the enemy. A really hard one to defeat would be anything that detected heat signature. You can make your ship cold, but you can’t get it to match the 2.7 degrees Kelvin of space, no matter what you do. Even with the engine off, you’d generate heat, and that heat has to go somewhere that’s not inside your ship, or you’d eventually burn up. One thing is for sure; whatever means one side had for detecting enemy ships, the other would work to counter it. That could evolve over days and weeks, but it could also happen with AIs working in real time to try to fool the other side’s sensors. Much like in the Battle of Britain, an advantage in early detection technology could have a huge impact on a battle.
There’s Always More Sci-fi
I’ve only hit three aspects for creating realistic space battles. There are many, many more. It’s always fun to read how different authors get past these points. Some invent technology to render the physics irrelevant, which is fine, but my favorites always tend to deal with most of the problems realistically. Feel free to enter the comments below and talk about what books got it right.
Planetside by Michael Mammay
A seasoned military officer uncovers a deadly conspiracy on a distant, war-torn planet…
War heroes aren’t usually called out of semi-retirement and sent to the far reaches of the galaxy for a routine investigation. So when Colonel Carl Butler answers the call from an old and powerful friend, he knows it’s something big—and he’s not being told the whole story. A high councilor’s son has gone MIA out of Cappa Base, the space station orbiting a battle-ravaged planet. The young lieutenant had been wounded and evacuated—but there’s no record of him having ever arrived at hospital command.
The colonel quickly finds Cappa Base to be a labyrinth of dead ends and sabotage: the hospital commander stonewalls him, the Special Ops leader won’t come off the planet, witnesses go missing, radar data disappears, and that’s before he encounters the alien enemy. Butler has no choice but to drop down onto a hostile planet—because someone is using the war zone as a cover. The answers are there—Butler just has to make it back alive…
Buy It: E Shaver | Amazon | IndieBound | Barnes & Noble
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Ready to put science in your fiction.
Science and technology have starring roles in a wide range of genres--science fiction, fantasy, thriller, mystery, and more. Unfortunately, many depictions of technical subjects in literature, film, and television are pure fiction. A basic understanding of biology, physics, engineering, and medicine will help you create more realistic stories that satisfy discerning readers. This book brings together scientists, physicians, engineers, and other experts to help you write realistic and compelling scientific elements to captivate readers.
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August 29, 2019 at 12:13 pm
I always pictured it more like submarine warfare with drones, remote piloted or semi-autonomous, replacing torpedoes and mines. The enemy, which is probably just one or two fairly large vessels, somewhere out there at the edge of sensor range, trying to get a firing solution while you do the same.
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August 3, 2018 by dankoboldt 3 Comments. This article on space battles is part of the Science in Sci-fi, Fact in Fantasy blog series. Each week, we tackle one of the scientific or technological concepts pervasive in sci-fi (space travel, genetic engineering, artificial intelligence, etc.) with input from an expert.
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