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Chapter 1: Introduction to the Personal Computer

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Personal Computer Basics

Comparing and contrasting personal computers, identifying computer system components, classifying various peripheral devices, creating screenshots, file management, useful keyboard shortcuts.

Computers were originally created for military, scientific, government and corporations – organizations with one common characteristic – large budgets! Fortunately, since the early days of computing, computers have simultaneously become more user-friendly and affordable giving rise the era of personal computing.

In 1977 Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs debuted the Apple-II personal computer. However, it wasn’t until the early 1980’s that IBM introduced their personal computer (PC), and the personal computing era really became legitimate.

Personal Computers (PCs) are best described as small, inexpensive computers designed for individual use. Each of the following are examples of personal computers:

• Desktop computers – designed to utilize a consistent source of electric power, these computers fit on or beneath a desk, and therefore are not intended to be portable. Most desktops contain several peripheral input and output devices intended to extend the computing functionality.
• Laptop and Notebook computers – portable computers that utilize a battery for power. Consist of a separate display screen and keyboard in a single unit. Contains a hinged lid that closes the screen onto the keyboard for easy portability. Some screens are touch-activated displays.
• Tablets – thin mobile computers with touchscreen displays. Typically, larger than smartphones, tablets are ideal for reading eBooks, surfing the Web, and watching videos.
• Smartphones – pocket-sized mobile phones that combine voice, text, e-mail and personal computing into a single device that can access the Internet and run a variety of third-party software components, known as apps.

Modern desktop and laptop computers are generally either PCs, usually running a Microsoft Windows version operating system, or Apple Macintoshes, which run Apple’s proprietary operating system (OS) software. Various versions of the Linux OS also represent a relevant share of desktop and laptop users on a PC platform. However, according to several industry analysts, Microsoft’s Windows is the dominant OS in terms of shares of users, with estimates of more than half of all users in 2016.

The most popular mobile (tablets and smartphones) operating systems are Android (developed by Google), iOS (developed by Apple) and Windows 10 Mobile (developed by Microsoft).

The four main components of a computer system are input devices, output devices, processing devices and the storage devices used to store data within the computer system. The flow of data through a computer system begins with either an input device that enters data into the central processing unit which then sends the data to an output device as information. Alternatively, data can be retrieved or sent to a storage device from the processor.

Hardware and software work together to process data. When you open a software program, the computer reads its data from the hard drive or input device, runs the software on the computer’s processor and then displays the results on your output device or saves the data to a storage device.

Hardware components that are not an integral part of the central processing unit are often referred to as peripheral devices. Peripheral devices connect with a computer through several I/O interfaces, such as communications (COM), Universal Serial Bus (USB), firewire, and serial ports. Peripherals are usually used for either input, storage or output.

Input Devices

An input device is any device that provides input to a computer. There are many input devices , but the two most common ones are a keyboard and mouse. Every key you press on the keyboard and every movement or click you make with the mouse sends a specific input signal to the computer. Examples of commonly used input devices include:

Mouse: a small object that you can roll along a hard and flat surface which serves as pointing device to enable the user to control the movement of the cursor on a screen display. Most mice have two or more buttons which allow the user to scroll and click objects on the screen.

• Keyboard : desktop and laptop computers have external and built-in keyboards that resemble a traditional typewriter. Most keyboards are designed to have the QWERTY layout of keys which make keyboarding easy and consistent across various devices. Many keyboards have function keys as the top row that perform special shortcut functions.
• Touchscreen : the primary input device for tablets and smartphone, this technology combines the functionality of a mouse and a keyboard by allowing a finger or stylus to make gestures or select on-screen menus and keys.
• Microphone and Camera : used to record and capture sound and images, and to communicate with others using audio and video conferencing software. Most portable computers have these devices built-in, but external devices are typically a higher quality.

Many input devices operate without cords. Wireless mice and keyboards require receivers to collect the electronic signals transmitted by the input devices. Bluetooth devices use short-range radio waves to communicate between paired devices and computers. Other, input devices include scanners, bar code readers, joy sticks, light pens, trackballs, magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) and optical character recognition (OCR) software.  Warning! Excessive use of a computer can lead to repetitive motion injuries such as carpal tunnel syndrome , and other computer-related health problems, including computer addiction . Take frequent breaks, stretch properly, and utilize ergonomically designed input devices to reduce the threat of these injuries. Limit your time online, and connect face-to-face too!

Output Devices

An output device is any hardware peripheral that disseminates processed data. The processed data, stored in the memory of the computer is sent to the output device, which then converts it into an understandable form.  Examples of commonly used output devices include:

• Monitors: older monitors typically contain a cathode ray tube, which result in a heavy display, which is also an inefficient use of power and your desktop footprint compared to flat screen monitors. A flat panel display uses an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), although some use plasma technology. Screen size is measured diagonally across the screen, in inches. The entire screen area may not be usable for image display. The  resolution of the monitor is the maximum number of pixels it can display horizontally and vertically (such as 800 x 600, or 1024 x 768, or 1600 x 1200). Most monitors can display several resolutions below its maximum setting.  Pixels (short for picture elements) are the small dots that make the image displayed on the screen. A video card is necessary for generating complex computer graphics on a monitor.

Printers : want a “hard” copy of a document versus a “soft” copy of a file? A printed output is referred to as a hard copy versus an electronic or soft copy of a file. Printers come in various formats. Popular for home computing is ink jet printers. These printers form the image on the page by spraying tiny droplets of ink from the print head. The printer needs several colors of ink (cyan, yellow, magenta, and black) to make color images. Some photo-quality ink jet printers have more colors of ink. Unfortunately, ink cartridges are expensive to replace, so the cheap initial cost of ink jet printers is offset by frequent printing usage. Conversely, laser printers utilize toner to burn tiny plastic particles of pigment onto paper. While the initial cost of laser printers can be expensive, they produce a higher quality output and are less expensive and faster than ink jet printers in the long run. Other printers include dot-matrix which use impact and inked ribbon on continuous feed paper. These are (were) popular for multi-layer forms. Lastly, multi-function printers are popular for home office/small office computing because they combine printing, faxing, copying and scanning in a single device.

• Speakers : Audio output requires a sound card and internal or external speakers or headphones.

Storage devices: While primary storage is the internal CPU’s RAM, secondary storage consists of external hardware such as CDs, DVDs, flash drives and external hard drives. Obsolete secondary storage examples include floppy disks, magnetic tape, punch cards and zip drives. A popular alternative to physical secondary storage is cloud storage which stores data on remote servers accessed from the Internet, or “cloud”, which is maintained by a cloud storage service provider built on virtualization techniques.

Hybrid peripherals : Wearable computer devices, such as augmented reality goggles, smartwatches and fitness trackers can all be lumped into this auxiliary device category.

One of the first steps to securing assistance with computer-related issues requires sharing the error or screen output with a teacher or technical support staff. Often, these support resources are not available to view the screen in-person. Therefore, capturing the screen output is a vital skill to help resolve computer issues. Screenshots, also known as screen captures, screen grabs, or print screens, are the technical terminology assigned to this piece of data. A screenshot is a digital image of what appears on a computer or television screen. Producing a screenshot can be a confusing task, which should be broken down into two parts. The first part is the capturing of the screen image, while the second part is the process of pasting the capture into a storable file. There are numerous methods of capturing a screenshot, and they vary from one computer device to another due to operating system versions and keyboard differences.

The most consistent method for Windows users to create screenshots is by utilizing the Windows Snipping Tool. As of late 2018, the new tool is called Snip & Sketch. Most images in this documentation have been generated with the help of these tools. To open the Snip & Sketch tool, select the Start button, type “snip” in the search box on the taskbar, and then select the

Snip & Sketch app from the list of results. In addition to capturing a full-screen snip, the Snip & Sketch Tool provides the convenience of capturing a more specific “snip” of data by using the mouse to draw a rectangular or free-form block of specific data to be captured. This allows for more focused data to be collected versus an entire screen of potentially competing images. Once the drawing is selected, the screenshot should automatically open in a new window. You can modify the screenshot by cropping, highlighting annotating or drawing on the image. This image can then be pasted into a new program (similar to how the above image was added to this document) or saved as a separate file to be stored on a permanent or cloud storage device. The Snip & Sketch tool also be set to a timer to take a screenshot in three or ten seconds. To take a screenshot with Snip & Sketch, just press PrtScn. Screenshots will be quite useful for providing feedback or asking questions to/from students/teachers, particularly in distance education environments.

One of the many attributes of being a successful college student is evidence of time management, communication, and organization skills. Managing the files on a computer is essential to excel at all of these skills. Almost all courses require a computer to access and communicate information. The inability to locate a file on a computer or course management system (like Brightspace D2L or Blackboard) could result in a late or missing assignment, missed conversations with an instructor or classmate, and/or tremendous stress.  The primary solution to enhanced computer organization skills is through increased knowledge of Windows’ File Explorer tool (formerly known as Windows Explorer).

File Explorer displays the hierarchical structure of files, folders, and drives on your computer. All data, including applications, program files, etc. is stored on the computer’s disk (also known as disk drive). The primary internal hard drive is known as the C: drive. The contents of a disk are organized into individual files within individual folders. The Document folder is a general storage location for files created in programs like Microsoft Office, whereas photos downloaded from the Internet or a camera are typically stored in the Pictures folder. The Quick Access section displays frequently used folders and files, whereas the This PC view displays information regarding the computer’s storage capacity, and attached storage devices, including optical media.

To access the computer’s files, click Start > File Explorer or select the File Explorer icon located in the taskbar. Upon launching File Explorer in Windows 10, the Quick access window will open. Previously known as “Favorites” in previous versions of Windows; this is where users will see their most frequently accessed folders and files that have been created.

The File Explorer window can be broken into the following sections:

• File Explorer ribbon . This is similar to the ribbon you will find in most Microsoft Office applications. The ribbon contains buttons for common tasks to perform on your files and folders, such as copying, pasting, moving and renaming files and folders. A recommended feature is the View menu which allows you to view your files via icons, tiles, a list or the underappreciated Details view.
• Navigation Pane . Vertically scroll through this pane to access commonly used drives and folders. You can also access your Downloaded files, Documents, and external storage devices, as well as other libraries, such as pictures and music.
• Frequent folders . This displays the folders you’ve worked with recently to allow for quick access.
• Recent files section . Similar to the Frequent folders section, this area displays the files and documents that you’ve recently opened.

The Search box is an underappreciated tool to help find files that can’t be found in their presumed location. Use the asterisk (*) wildcard character to expand the search results. i.e. Plane* will find files with the words plane or planet, and more. The File Explorer contains an array of tools which can help manage files and stay organized!

Creating a custom hierarchical structure of folders for each semester and each course is considered a best practice for organizing college data. For example, create a folder with the name of the current semester, i.e. 2018 Fall. Within this folder, create subfolders for each course, i.e. MIS1100. Descriptive folders and file names also diminish confusion when trying to find files on a computer disk.

File Explorer is the primary tool for copying, moving, renaming and searching for files and folders. The View tab provides display and sorting options for files and folders. Viewing files using the Details layout allows for quick sorting by simply clicking a column header to toggle between ascending and descending order. The sort order in the above illustration is sorted by Name in ascending order. Clicking the File name extensions checkbox helps identify the source program for each file, particularly if the Type column is not displayed. Perhaps the most useful column is Size, which can be helpful to determine if a file is too large for distribution via e-mail or portable storage methods.

One of the most common operations for users is copying files, which creates a replica of an original file. To copy a file, select the file you want to copy and click Copy under the Home tab. Moving a file necessitates substituting the Copy button with the Cut button. Moving a file saves hard drive space by not creating a duplicate file. To add a new folder, right click and choose New > Folder from the Shortcut menu. Conversely, to delete a file or folder, right-click the object and choose Delete from the shortcut menu.

• Windows key + E  – open a new instance of File Explorer from anywhere in Windows.
• Alt + P  – show or hide the Preview pane.
• Alt + Shift + P  – show or hide the Details pane.
• Alt + left arrow key  – go back one folder in your history.
• Alt + up arrow key  – go up one folder in the folder tree.
• Ctrl + N  – open a new File Explorer window.
• Ctrl + E  – activate the Search bar.
• Ctrl + Shift + N  – create a new folder in the current folder.
• Ctrl + mouse wheel up or down  – increase or decrease the size of icons and thumbnails.

Business Computers 365 Copyright © 2019 by Marcus Lacher is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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The Evolution of Computers: A Comprehensive History in PowerPoint Presentation

The History and Evolution of Computers

Computers have come a long way since their inception, evolving from simple calculating machines to the sophisticated devices we use today. Let’s take a journey through the history of computers to understand how they have evolved over time.

Early Computing Devices

The history of computers can be traced back to ancient times when devices like the abacus were used for basic calculations. In the 19th century, mechanical calculators such as Charles Babbage’s Analytical Engine laid the foundation for modern computing.

The First Electronic Computers

The mid-20th century saw the development of the first electronic computers, such as ENIAC and UNIVAC, which revolutionized data processing and computation. These early computers were large, expensive, and primarily used by governments and research institutions.

The Personal Computer Revolution

In the 1970s and 1980s, the invention of microprocessors led to the rise of personal computers (PCs). Companies like Apple and IBM introduced affordable desktop computers that brought computing power into people’s homes and offices.

The Internet Age

The advent of the internet in the late 20th century transformed how we use computers. The World Wide Web enabled global communication, e-commerce, social networking, and access to vast amounts of information at our fingertips.

Modern Computing Technologies

Today, we live in an era of smartphones, tablets, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and quantum computing. These technologies continue to push the boundaries of what is possible with computers and shape our digital future.

In Conclusion

The history and evolution of computers is a fascinating journey that highlights human ingenuity, innovation, and progress. As we look towards the future, it is exciting to imagine what new advancements in computing technology will bring.

From Abacus to AI: Tracing the Milestones and Evolution of Computer Technology

Start with a brief overview of the history of computers, highlighting key milestones and inventions., include information about the evolution of computer hardware, from early mechanical devices to modern supercomputers., discuss the impact of major technological advancements on the development of computers over time., incorporate visuals such as images or timelines to enhance understanding and engagement., explore how different generations of computers have influenced each other and shaped today’s technology landscape., conclude with future possibilities and trends in computer evolution to provide a forward-looking perspective..

The history and evolution of computers are marked by significant milestones and groundbreaking inventions that have shaped the modern computing landscape. From the ancient abacus to Charles Babbage’s Analytical Engine, early computing devices laid the groundwork for the development of electronic computers like ENIAC and UNIVAC in the mid-20th century. The introduction of personal computers in the 1970s and 1980s, followed by the internet age and advancements in modern computing technologies, have propelled us into a digital era defined by innovation and progress. This tip on the history and evolution of computers PowerPoint presentation provides a comprehensive overview of these key historical moments, offering valuable insights into how far we have come in the world of computing.

In a PowerPoint presentation on the history and evolution of computers, it is essential to highlight the remarkable evolution of computer hardware. Starting from early mechanical devices like the abacus and Charles Babbage’s Analytical Engine, the progression of computer hardware has been monumental. Advancements in technology have led to the development of modern supercomputers that can process vast amounts of data at incredible speeds. By showcasing this evolution in hardware, audiences can appreciate how far computer technology has come and gain a deeper understanding of the impact it has had on various aspects of our lives.

When creating a PowerPoint presentation on the history and evolution of computers, it is essential to discuss the impact of major technological advancements on the development of computers over time. By highlighting key milestones such as the invention of the microprocessor, the introduction of personal computers, and the emergence of the internet, you can demonstrate how these advancements have shaped the evolution of computing technology. Exploring how innovations like artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and quantum computing have further propelled the field forward will provide valuable insights into how far computers have come and where they may be headed in the future. Understanding the influence of these technological breakthroughs is crucial for appreciating the continuous growth and transformation of computers throughout history.

To enhance understanding and engagement in a PowerPoint presentation about the history and evolution of computers, it is recommended to incorporate visuals such as images or timelines. Visual aids can help illustrate key points, provide context to historical events, and make complex information more digestible for the audience. By including visuals like photographs of early computing devices, diagrams of technological advancements, or timelines showing the progression of computer development, presenters can create a more immersive and impactful learning experience for viewers. Visuals not only enhance comprehension but also keep the audience engaged and interested throughout the presentation.

By delving into the history and evolution of computers through a PowerPoint presentation, one can uncover how various generations of computers have influenced each other, leading to the shaping of today’s technology landscape. From the early mechanical calculators to the modern era of smartphones and artificial intelligence, each advancement has built upon the innovations of its predecessors, creating a rich tapestry of technological progress. Understanding this interconnected web of influences allows us to appreciate the complexity and interconnectedness of the devices we use daily, providing valuable insights into how far we have come and where future developments may lead us.

In conclusion, delving into the history and evolution of computers through a PowerPoint presentation offers valuable insights into how far we have come in the realm of technology. By reflecting on past milestones and breakthroughs, we can better appreciate the rapid pace of innovation that has shaped the computing landscape today. Looking ahead, it is intriguing to consider the future possibilities and trends in computer evolution. Advancements in areas such as artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and biotechnology hold immense potential to revolutionize how we interact with technology and each other. Embracing these emerging technologies will undoubtedly lead us towards a future where computers play an even more integral role in shaping our lives and society as a whole.

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Chm Blog Curatorial Insights , From the Collection , Software History Center

Slide logic: the emergence of presentation software and the prehistory of powerpoint, by david c. brock | october 04, 2016.

In many parts of our world today, group communication centers on visual materials built with “presentation software,” often crafted by a speaker him or herself. As a result, meetings now generally depend on the use of personal computers, presentation software in the guises of product or service and display by digital projectors or flat-screens.

A humorous sample PowerPoint presentation supplied with the very first version in 1987. This clip was created with PowerPoint 1.0 for Mac running in a Mac Plus emulator.

So central have these visual materials become that the intended functioning of digital files, programs, computers, and peripherals has become an almost necessary condition for public communication. Choice of presentation software has even become a mark of generational and other identities, as in whether one uses Facebook or Snapchat. Millennials and Generation Z choose Google Slides or Prezi. Everyone else uses PowerPoint, its mirror-twin by Apple called Keynote, or, for political expression and/or economic necessity, LibreOffice. Membership in a highly technical community can be signified by using the typesetting program LaTeX to build equation-heavy slides.

It is PowerPoint, nevertheless, that has become the “Kleenex” or “Scotch Tape” of presentation software. A “PowerPoint” has come to commonly mean any presentation created with software. Microsoft rightly boasts that there are currently 1.2 billion copies of PowerPoint at large in the world today: One copy of PowerPoint for every seven people. In any given month, approximately 200 million of these copies are actively used. PowerPoint is simply the dominant presentation software on the planet. 1

It may come as a surprise, then, to learn that PowerPoint was not the first presentation program. Rather, there were several programs for personal computers that performed similarly to PowerPoint in many respects, which appeared starting in 1982—fully five years before PowerPoint’s debut. PowerPoint’s ubiquity is not the result of a first-mover advantage. 2

Further, many of PowerPoint’s most familiar characteristics—the central motif of a slide containing text and graphics, bulleted lists, the slide show, the slide sorter, and even showy animated transitions between slides—were not absolute novelties when PowerPoint appeared. These elements had been introduced in one form or another in earlier presentation software.

Here, the principal developers of PowerPoint—Dennis Austin and Tom Rudkin—describe the structure of the source code defining slides. Austin and Rudkin worked closely with the product’s architect, Bob Gaskins. This document is in a collection of materials donated to the Computer History Museum by Dennis Austin.

From 1982 through 1987, software makers introduced roughly a dozen programs for several different personal computers that allowed users to create visual materials for public presentations as a series of “slides” containing text and graphic elements. Frequently, these slides were printed on paper for incorporation into a photocopied report and transferred to a set of transparencies for use with an overhead projector. Other presentation programs allowed slides to be output as a sequence of 35mm photographic slides for use with a slide projector, a videotape of a series of slide images, or a digital file of screen-images for computer monitors. Makers and users called these programs “presentation software,” and just as commonly “business graphics software.” “Business” here is significant, I think. 3

Early presentation software was most commonly used to create overhead presentations. In this clip, Dennis Austin—a principal developer of PowerPoint—demonstrates the use of overhead projectors and presentations.

The six years from 1982 through 1987 saw the emergence of presentation software (including PowerPoint), with multiple makers introducing competing programs offering many similar capabilities and idioms. Why did multiple, independent software creators develop presentation software for personal computers at just this moment?

I believe that an analytical framework that I developed with historian Christophe Lécuyer to understand episodes in the history of solid-state electronics can also help us to unpack this very different case from software history. Our framework consists of three “contextual logics” that we argue shaped the emergence of the planar transistor, the silicon microchip, the simultaneous-invention of silicon-gate MOS technology, and, as Christophe and Takahiro Ueyama recently show, the history of blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs). 4

In their 2013 article, “The Logics of Materials Innovation,” Christophe and Takahiro describe these logics beautifully:

This framework distinguishes different types of contextual challenges that shape the creation of new materials and manufacturing processes: the materiality of substances, tools, and fabrication techniques (referred to as “material logic”); the needs, demands and interests of intended customers (“market logic”); and the competitive tensions among laboratories, firms, and nations (“competitive logic”). These material, market, and competitive logics are not determinative, in the sense that they do not lead to necessary outcomes. But they are particularly stable over time and provide powerful resources and constraints to innovators and their patrons.

The implication seems straightforward: People from similar backgrounds, in similar organizations, facing a common, structured set of contextual logics, will do similar—but not identical—things. But can these logics that help make sense of the history of semiconductor electronics, a technology deeply about materials, also give insights into the history of the ne plus ultra of the digital—software itself? I think it can. Competitive logic, Market logic, and Material logic: Let’s consider them in that order, and see what they can mean for the “prehistory” of PowerPoint.

Competitive logic centered on software makers. In the first half of the 1980s, makers of presentation software were typically connected to companies. There were, of course, makers of non-commercial software of various stripes—hobbyist, open source, libre and the like—but they do not appear to have been a factor in early presentation software. Rather, the makers of presentation software were what I call “integrated software manufacturers,” “software publishers,” and “author houses.” Sometimes the boundaries between these maker-types are blurry, but I think the categories are useful.

Integrated software manufacturers, ranging from cottage firms to public companies, wrote code, manufactured it mainly on magnetic media, wrote and printed technical documentation and guides, and distributed it in shrink-wrapped boxes. For integrated software manufacturers of this era, think of Microsoft, Lotus Development, and MicroPro International." Software publishers" did everything that the integrated manufacturers did, except write the code. Rather, they entered into contracts on a royalty basis with those who did write programs. Software publishers ran the gamut from stand-alone companies that only produced software written by others, to firms that published a mix of programs written internally and externally, and also to computer makers like Apple, who published software written by others under their own label as well as selling their own programs. Code authors ranged from individual sole proprietorships to “author shops,” partnerships between two or more programmers in an LLP or a small company.

The origins of Microsoft, perhaps the best-known integrated software manufacturer.

These author shops, publishers, and integrated manufacturers were, by 1982, competing in a growing market for personal computer application software: Spreadsheets, word processors, databases and “business graphics” programs that often used data from spreadsheets to generate line-graphs, pie-charts, bar-graphs, and other standard plots used in business, science, and engineering. This battle for market share in applications for personal computers was the ‘competitive logic’ for presentation software’s emergence. 5

“Market logic” centered on the intended users of software, and, in the case of presentation software, focused to the communication practices of white-collar workers in the United States (and, perhaps, elsewhere), particularly “managers” and “executives.” Contemporary commentators noted that personal-computer “business” software like spreadsheets represented a turn in “office automation,” the opening of a new phase in which software users would expand beyond specialists and secretaries to managers and executives. Personal computers with new software would be in the offices of Mahogany Row in addition to the accounting department and the typing pool.

For example, in September 1982, John Unger Zussman, a columnist for InfoWorld, noted: “…the market is changing. An examination of the changing word-processor marketplace can tell us a lot about the maturation of microcomputers and give us a clue to the role of micros in the office of the future. ‘There’s an expanding concept of reality in the modern office,’ says Gary Smith, NCR’s director of marketing. Software oriented toward managers, such as spreadsheet and slide-show programs and electronic mail, has increased the demand for distributed data processing. It is now legitimate for a computer to appear on a manager’s desk—or a secretary’s. The personal workstation, says Smith, is becoming ‘the major focus of white-collar productivity.’ This was not always the case. In the past, computers were the province of the data-processing department…and, besides, managers wouldn’t be caught dead typing at a keyboard…word processing became a stepping-stone into the automated office…the introduction of microcomputers into the office of the future seems to be more a process of infiltration than one of direct assault.” 6

In this 1979 commercial, Xerox presented just this vision of the office of the future.

In a 1984 article in the Proceedings of the IEEE titled “A New Direction in Personal Computer Software,” MIT Sloan School professor Hoo-Min Toong, with his postdoc Amar Gupta, identified the crux of the market logic to which presentation software was a response: The time that executives and managers spent in meetings. They write: “Top managers are noted to spend four-fifths of their time attending meetings—delivering or receiving presentations and reports, communicating, and gathering information for subsequent meetings. Meetings are the most prominent, time consuming element of an executive’s job.” They continue: “At present, business personal computers only represent information in numeric form, in text, and in simple charts and graphs. A crucial missing component is the ability to present and manipulate visual, pictorial data…A new layer…will bridge the gap from the present position…to supporting business communications with sophisticated images and color.” 7

Toong and Gupta’s diagram of the proportion of an “executive’s” time spent in meetings. © 1984 IEEE. Reprinted, with permission, from Proceedings of the IEEE.

Toong and Gupta then discuss a newly released example of such “presentation graphics software,” VCN ExecuVision, offered by the book publisher Prentice-Hall. VCN ExecuVision, which ran on the IBM PC, cost $400 but also required libraries of images and icons, that is, “clip art,” at $90 per floppy disk. Users could create “slide shows” of multiple “slides” that the user could craft with text, clip art, and geometric shapes, as well as pie, bar, and line graphs, with the completed slide show either printed or displayed on the PC monitor.

The idiom of the slide was directly adapted from the world of 35mm photographic slides. “Seeing a single slide is one thing,” Toong and Gupta write, “seeing an aggregate of slides is another. VCN ExecuVision supports slide shows in which the transition from one slide to another can be controlled either manually (pressing a key causes display of the next slide) or automatically… More significant is the support of animation techniques which give an illusion of seeing a running movie rather than a slide show…VCN ExecuVision brings sophisticated graphical capabilities to the realm of personal computers thus vastly expanding the horizons of personal computer applications in all four domains – office, home, science, and education.” Continuing their celebration of ExecuVision, Toong and Gupta illustrated their journal article with three full-color pages of ExecuVision slides, replete with images having the unmistakable aesthetic of clip art. Presentation software and clip art may have been born together.

Sample slides from VCN ExecuVision. © 1984 IEEE. Reprinted, with permission, from Proceedings of the IEEE.

Evidently, ExecuVision was the creation of Toong himself—in a Cambridge, Massachusetts author shop called Visual Communication Network Inc.—before the program had been sold or licensed to Prentice Hall. Toong filed articles of incorporation for the firm in October 1983, with his brother and a former MIT industrial liaison as the other directors. His brother was listed as the president and a Sloan School building was the firm’s address. Toong’s connection to ExecuVision is not mentioned in the article. 8

Lotus’ announcement of Executive Briefing System. Courtesy of the Kapor Archive.

Toong’s ExecuVision was, in late 1983, a new entrant into the presentation software market that two new integrated software manufacturers, located in neighborhoods on opposing sides of the MIT campus, had already enjoined. On one side was Mitch Kapor’s startup, Lotus Development. Kapor created his new firm on a windfall from two programs he had written that were published by Personal Software, Inc., later renamed VisiCorp. VisiCorp was also the publisher of the breakthrough spreadsheet program VisiCalc, written in Cambridge by Software Arts Inc., the “author shop” of Dan Bricklin and Bob Frankston.

Mitch Kapor had written a statistical analysis and data graphing program for the Apple II called TinyTROLL, which he sold through a partnership with his friend and then MIT finance PhD student Eric Rosenfeld who had suggested the program to Kapor. The partnership was called Micro Finance Systems, and Kapor was approached VisiCorp to adapt TinyTROLL to work with data imported from VisiCalc. Kapor soon delivered VisiPlot and VisiTrend, programs that took VisiCalc spreadsheet data and generated pie, bar, and line graphs from them, as well as performed various finance-relevant statistical functions on the data. Kapor and Rosenfeld’s Micro Finance Systems received hundreds of thousands of dollars in royalties for VisiPlot and VisiTrend before VisiCorp bought them outright for $1.2 million. With his share in the windfall, Kapor set up an integrated software manufacturer of his own, Lotus Development, and, in 1982, the firm released its first product, Executive Briefing System, for the Apple II. Todd Agulnick, a 14-year-old high school student, had been hired by Kapor and wrote the BASIC code for Executive Briefing System under his direction. 9

Lotus’ $200 Executive Briefing System was centered on the color video display of the Apple II. In brief, a number of programs for charting and graphing like VisiPlot offered the “BSAVE” command. Instead of routing data to immediately render an image on the video display, BSAVE sent the very same data to a stored file. In this way, a “screen shot” could be rendered on the video display at a later time, shared with others, archived for future use, etc. Lotus’ Executive Briefing System treated BSAVE’d files—these screen shots—as “slides” that could be modified and then displayed on the Apple II’s video display as a “slide show” for a “presentation.” Executive Briefing System users could edit slides of charts and plots by adding text and/or clip art of lines, geometric shapes, or “ornamental” motifs. Slides were arranged in slide shows, and saved to floppy disk. While the program allowed a slide show to be printed—as a paper report or for transparencies for overhead presentation—it focused on slide shows for the video display. A variety of animated “transitions” between slides were available, such as fades, wipes, and spinning-into-view. 10

An early Executive Briefing System demonstration. This clip was created by running an image of the demonstration disk in an Apple II emulator.

David Solomont’s Business and Professional Software Inc., another integrated software manufacturer developing products for the Apple II, was located at 143 Binney Street just a 25-minute walk across the MIT campus—and past Hoo-Min Toong’s office—from Kapor’s Lotus Development office at 180 Franklin Street. Like Kapor, Solomont’s firm had earlier developed a plotting and charting program for the Apple II to work with VisiCalc spreadsheets. Solomont struck a deal with Apple to license the plotting program, which was sold by Apple under the company’s brand as “Apple Business Graphics.” Soon thereafter, arriving on the market about the same time as Lotus’ Executive Briefing System, came Solomont’s “Screen Director” program in 1982. 11

A 2015 CHM oral history interview with David Solomont.

Screen Director, made for the then-new Apple III computer, fully embraced treating a computer running Screen Director like a 35mm slide projector. Users could organize BSAVE’d image files from programs like VisiPlot and Apple Business Graphics into various “slide trays” for presentation on the video display. While Screen Director did not allow for the editing of existing image slides, it did provide for the creation of text slides and for a limited set of animated transitions between slides. Screen Director even shipped with the standard two-button wired controller for slide projectors, but modified to plug into the Apple III for controlling Screen Director slide shows. 12

A 1982 print advertisement for Business and Professional Software’s Screen Director program.

So far I have described a meaning for “competitive logic” and “market logic” in the case of presentation software, and some early programs from 1982 through 1984. But what of “material logic?” Material logic here includes personal computers themselves, specifically personal computers with graphics capabilities that were expanding in the early 1980s. The computers’ physical performativity, their material agency, constituted a resource, medium, and constraint for software makers and users. Existing programs widely used on these computers, like spreadsheets and plotting programs, were themselves a critical part of the material logic. Software, like hardware, has an unavoidable materiality. At the most abstract, a computer program can be considered to be a specific pattern. In practice, every instance of a program is a pattern in something material, including the body of an author.

Finally, the material logic for presentation software included operating systems centered on the graphical user interface, or GUI. This style of computing had been pioneered at Xerox PARC in the late 1970s, most famously on the Xerox Alto computer. The Alto inspired other efforts to bring the GUI into personal computing during the first half of the 1980s: Apple’s Lisa and Macintosh computers, Microsoft’s Windows software, and VisiCorp’s VisiOn software to name but a few. 13

This material logic was especially important in the creation of PowerPoint. In 1983, two Apple managers, Rob Campbell and Taylor Pohlman, left the firm and created a new integrated software manufacturer, Forethought Inc. Simply put, they left Apple to bring a Xerox Alto like GUI operating system to the IBM PC. By 1986, however, Forethought Inc. had a change of plans. This story—of Forethought’s creation of PowerPoint—and other stories about what PowerPoint and its competitors can tell us about software history, will be the subjects of upcoming essays by me on the @CHM blog.

For more information about the development of PowerPoint, please see our Guide to the Dennis Austin PowerPoint Records .

• Oral history interview with Shawn Villaron, PowerPoint manager at Microsoft, date, forthcoming/in process.
• Indeed, a wonderfully helpful list of presentation software offerings from 1986 compiled by Robert Gaskins, the initiator and architect of the original PowerPoint project, can be found on pages 131-134 of his painstakingly detailed and comprehensive memoir, Sweating Bullets .
• One place in which these identifying names for the presentation software genre were evident was, and is, the pages of the trade magazine InfoWorld . Google Books has a large number of issues of the periodical available with full text and search. On the more general use of the genre names, see this Google Books NGram .
• See Christophe Lécuyer and David C. Brock, Makers of the Microchip: A Documentary History of Fairchild Semiconductor (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2010); David C. Brock and Christophe Lécuyer, “Digital Foundations: The Making of Silicon Gate Manufacturing Technology,” Technology and Culture , 53 (2012): 561–97; and Christophe Lécuyer and Takahiro Ueyama, “The Logics of Materials Innovation: The Case of Gallium Nitride and Blue Light Emitting Diodes,” Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences , 43 (2013): 243-280.
• See, for example, Martin Campbell-Kelly, “Number Crunching without Programming: The Evolution of Spreadsheet Usability,” IEEE Annals of the History of Computing , 29 3 (July-September 2007): 6-19 and Thomas J. Bergin, “The Origins of Word Processing Software for Personal Computers: 1976-1985,” IEEE Annals of the History of Computing , 28 4 (October-December 2006): 32-47.
• The article may be viewed in InfoWord on Google Books.
• Hoo-Min D. Toong and Amar Gupta, “A New Direction in Personal Computer Software,” Proceedings of the IEEE , 72 3 (March 1984): 377-388.
• Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Articles of Organization, Visual Communications Network, Inc., October 13, 1983.
• Mitch Kapor, “Reflections of Lotus 1-2-3: Benchmark for Spreadsheet Software,” IEEE Annals of the History of Computing , 29 3 (July-September 2007): 32-40; David C. Brock telephone call with Todd Agulnick, July 15, 2016.
• Rik Jadrnicek, “ Executive Briefing System, a slide-show program ,” InfoWorld, May 17, 1982, 47–49.
• Oral History of David Solomont , Computer History Museum, 2015. Or watch it on YouTube .
• Richard Hart, “ Screen Director helps you present ‘slide shows,’ ” InfoWorld, November 8, 1982.
• See Michael Hiltzik, Dealers of Lightning: Xerox PARC and the Dawn of the Comptuer Age, (New York: HarperCollins), 1999.

About The Author

David C. Brock is an historian of technology, CHM's Director of Curatorial Affairs, and director of its Software History Center. He focuses on histories of computing and semiconductors as well as on oral history. He is the co-author of Moore’s Law: The Life of Gordon Moore, Silicon Valley’s Quiet Revolutionary and is on Twitter @dcbrock.

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28 Free Technology PowerPoint Templates for Presentations from the Future

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By Lyudmil Enchev

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3 years ago

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If you’re amongst the science and technology teachers, students, or businesses in the field; we have something for you. We deep-dived to find the best free technology PowerPoint templates for your presentation, so today’s collection has 28 amazing designs to choose from.

The following selection has templates related to science, technology, cybersecurity, search engines, bitcoin, networking, programming, and engineering, so there’s something for everyone.

1. Computer Hardware Free Technology PowerPoint Template

This template sports a cool design with a bright light of a microchip processor and a blue background. Ideal for explaining concepts such as semiconductors, databases, and central computer processors.

• Theme : Technology, Hardware
• Slides : 48
• Customization : Fully editable + 136 editable icons
• Graphics : Vector
• Aspect Ratio : 16:9
• License : Free for Personal and Commercial Use │ Do Not Redistribute Any Components of the Template

2. Space Science Free Technology Powerpoint Templates

This free template has 3D spaceship graphics and blue background color. It’s great for presentations on astronomy.

• Theme : Technology, Cosmos
• Slides : 25
• Customization : Fully editable
• Resolution : 1920×1080

3. 5G Technology Speed Free Powerpoint Templates

Design with twinkling rays of geometric shapes is perfect for presentations on technology topics such as internet networking, intranet, and communication technology.

• Theme : Technology, Networking, 5G
• Customization : Editable

4. Start-Up Tech Corporation Free Powerpoint Template

This free tech corporation template is great for presentations on tech business startups.

• Theme : Technology, Tech Business, Start-Up Companies

5. App Startup Free Powerpoint Technology Template

This design is great for presentations on communication, mobile technology, and other digital devices used for the PPT presentations.

• Theme : Technology, Apps, Software

6. Cloud Technology Free Powerpoint Template

A technology template with a clean and modern design for your presentations about cloud computing and other computing services.

• Theme : Cloud Technlogy

7. Artificial Intelligence High Technology Free PowerPoint Template

This template represents artificial intelligence as an illustration . It also includes related shapes to allow for a variety of expressions.

• Theme : Technology, Artificial Intelligence

8. Search Engine Optimization PowerPoint Template

The template is SEO-themed but you can adapt it to any presentation related to marketing and search engines.

• Theme : Technology, Marketing, SEO

9. Binary Code Free PowerPoint Template

The cool binary code design makes this template perfect for any presentation on computer science.

• Theme : Computer Science, Programming

10. Network Free Technology PowerPoint Template

Sporting design with crags and electric rays in many angles are representing networking around the globe, the template is suitable for presentations on communication, networking, technology, and crag wheels.

• Theme : Technology, Networking

11. Hexagonal Design Free PowerPoint Template

Here we have a free template with hexagons and icons pattern for techy content. Its dark background and bright blue color palette give a professional look.

• Theme : Technology

12. Technology Pixels Free PowerPoint Template

A technology-themed template for presentations on consulting, IT, software, and other related subjects. The pixel pattern is grouped by tones which you can change from the master slides.

13. Connections and Networking Free PowerPoint Template

This free Powerpoint template is perfect for a presentation about the internet, blockchain, machine learning, cybersecurity, or cloud computing.

14. Isometric Free Technology PowerPoint Template

Here we have an amazing isometric design and high-tech background with gradients. Ideal for subjects like cloud computing, SaaS development, servers, and networks, or cybersecurity.

• Theme : Networking, Programming

15. Free PowerPoint Template with Techy Contour Lines

This design has an abstract contour lines background in a dark green color. Ideal for subjects like geography, technology, video games, or even military affairs.

• Theme : Technology, Gaming

16. Marketing and Technology Free PowerPoint Template

The isometric design has illustrations on business, marketing, and technology topics that will make every slide stand out.

• Theme : Technology, Marketing

17. Purple Hexagons Free PowerPoint Template

For presentations related to scientific or technological topics, with professional hexagonal design.

• Theme : Technology, Science

18. Rockets Taking Off  Free PowerPoint Template

Rockets taking off is a great metaphor for growing businesses. It’s also a symbol of progress and technology.

• Slides : 35

19. IOT Smart City Free PowerPoint Template

Smart City offers a futuristic design for subjects such as internet communication, smart city concepts, and tech innovation.

• Theme : Technology, Smart City

20. Cyber Security Free PowerPoint Template

The perfect template for presentations on cybersecurity, antivirus software, and other related topics.

• Theme : Technology, Cyber Security

21. BlockChain Free PowerPoint Templates

This template is a 3D rendering design of blockchain technology and you can use it for a variety of purposes.

Presentation Design Tips You Wish You Knew Earlier:

The shorter you keep the text, the better. In fact, some specialists suggest that you shouldn’t use more than 5-6 words per slide . And sometimes, a single word combined with a powerful visual is enough to nail the attention of the people sitting in front of you and make them listen to what you have to say.

22. BitCoin Themed Free PowerPoint Template

A very versatile template that includes 20 semi-transparent illustrations of different concepts: security, social networks, programming, bitcoin.

• Theme : Technology, Bitcoin

23. Technical Blueprint Free Technology PowerPoint Template

This template uses a blueprint style and a monospaced font to emulate the technical drawings used in construction and industry.

• Theme : Technology, Engineering

24. Blue Connections Free PowerPoint Template

The design of this free template fits social media, connection, internet, cloud computing, and science-related topics.

• Theme : Technology, Social Media

25. Cute Robots Free PowerPoint Template

Here we have a colorful design with beautifully illustrated robots for presentation on technology, science, and physics.

• Theme : Technology, Physics

26. Green Circuit Free PowerPoint Template

This is a free template with futuristic vibes that you can use for your tech presentations both in PowerPoint and Google Slides.

27. Data Particles Free Technology PowerPoint Template

The design with particle lines gives it a modern and slightly technological look.

28. Science Hexagons Free Technology PowerPoint Template

The background gradients highlight the white text, and the hexagons give it a techie style.

Final Words

That’s it. Today’s collection covered the best free technology PowerPoint templates that you can download and adapt to your presentations related to science, technology, programming, engineering, and physics. Now all you need to do is open your PowerPoint and make the most amazing presentation your viewers have ever seen.

For more freebies, you can check the Best Free Powerpoint Templates of 2022  or see these related articles:

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Lyudmil Enchev

Lyudmil is an avid movie fan which influences his passion for video editing. You will often see him making animations and video tutorials for GraphicMama. Lyudmil is also passionate for photography, video making, and writing scripts.

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Personal Computers

Jul 14, 2014

90 likes | 221 Views

Personal Computers. What is on your PC?. Data Outlook OutlookExpress Application Programs Office, Audio videoplayers Downloads Games Pictures Music Video Connectors USB Fire wire Com port (9 pin) Monitor (15 pin). Operating System Disk drive (s) Drivers Camera

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Presentation Transcript

What is on your PC? • Data • Outlook • OutlookExpress • Application Programs • Office, • Audio • videoplayers • Downloads • Games • Pictures • Music • Video • Connectors • USB • Fire wire • Com port (9 pin) • Monitor (15 pin) • Operating System • Disk drive (s) • Drivers • Camera • Mouse (wired-wireless) • Security • Login • Finger print • password • Network connections • Wired • Wireless • NAS

One Single Disk C:\

One Single Disk Partitions (virtual disks) C:\ D:\ E:\ F:\

Disaster Next time C:\ D:\ C:\ E:\ F:\

Organizing your PC Disk folders/files • Partitions • Operating system - XP (C:\) • Data / Download files / Program files Partition (D:\) • Games/music etc (E:\) • Operating system – Vista or XP(F:\) • Partitioning software • Partition Magic • Partition Manager • Back-ups • Shared folders

Ethics • Using other people’s computer • DO NOT !!! • change their settings • Download anything without permission • Download Pornography • Just use COMMON SENSE

Common Sense Finish the sentence … “Treat other people better than you would expect them to treat you”

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How to make a slide show

Learn how to make a slide show with photos, videos, music, and custom settings using a slide show maker.

Learn how to make a slide show with PowerPoint

Discover how to make a slide show with photos, videos, music, and custom settings using a slide show app like PowerPoint.

What is a slide show maker?

To create a slide show, you’ll want to use a slide show maker—or slide show app—which is a software program or online service that enables you create digital slide shows with text, photos, videos, music, and other special effects. The full range of slide show features and functionality varies from program to program.

Once you’ve created a slide show, it can be published on the internet or shared with others as a video file. Additionally, you can use slide shows to create dynamic, interactive content on websites.

Slide show software can be used for a variety of purposes, such as creating presentations for work, school, and even your personal life. For instance, slide shows are often used to:

Display photos during an event

Slide shows are a great way to share photos and videos with guests at a wedding, birthday, or other special event.

Create a digital photo album

Some slide shows are created for personal reasons, such as sharing important memories with family or friends.

Highlight products or services

Businesses can use slide shows to showcase their products, promote special offers and sales, or pitch their services to potential clients.

Enhance teaching, training, and public speaking

Slide shows can also provide helpful visuals in educational settings, classroom presentations, and public speaking forums.

What you need to make a slide show

When it comes to creating a slide show, there are a few things you'll need to get started. First and foremost, you'll need a device equipped with presentation software or access to an online slide show app. Secondly, you’ll need a way to display your slide show, which usually means connecting your device to a projector or big screen TV. Beyond that, you’ll need some visual aids and other media to bring your slide show to life.

Explore each of these slide show requirements in more detail:

Devices and equipment —To create a slide show, you’ll use a computer or other device—such as a tablet or mobile phone—with PowerPoint or a similar program installed. You will also need a way to project the slides onto a screen or wall. This can be done with a projector, but if you don't have one available, you can use your TV or computer monitor. Simply connect your device to the TV or monitor using an HDMI cable and select the correct input. Your slides will now be projected onto the screen.

Media —Of course, creating a slide show requires media that adds visual and even audio elements to your presentation. This can be anything from photos and videos to music and text. You can use search engines to find copyright-free media to use in your slide show.

Another option is to purchase royalty-free stock footage, images, and audio files from online media libraries. This could be a bit more expensive, but it guarantees that you have the legal right to use the media in your presentation.

Finally, you can also use your own videos, images, and even music. While this can be a time-consuming process, it does allow you to create custom content specifically for your slide show.

Slide show creator —To bring your slide show together, you’ll need a slide show creator. The slide show software you choose will depend on your presentation requirements and preferences. There are many slide show makers on the market, with Microsoft PowerPoint being one of the most popular and widely used programs globally.

How to choose a slide show maker

When choosing slide show software, it's important to consider the features and specifications that are most important to you. Some of the questions you might ask when choosing a slide show maker include:

• How easy is the software to use?
• Is the software Mac or PC compatible?
• Can I access and edit my slide show on the cloud?
• What kind of slide shows can be created with the software?
• How many photos and/or videos can be included in a slide show?
• Can text and other elements be added to slide shows?
• Are transitions and effects available for slide shows?
• Is music accompaniment an option?
• What are the options for saving and sharing your slide show?

Building a slide show doesn't have to be difficult. With the right software, you can create an engaging presentation in no time.

Six steps for creating a slide show

1. Plan your slide show

Before getting too deep into your slide show project, it’s a good idea to select and save the photos and videos you want to use. This helps you create a slide show more efficiently and purposefully, ensuring a better outcome.

4. Import media

Start adding photos, videos, and other desired media to your slides. You can upload these from your device or online media libraries. If you planned your slide show in advance, you should have all your media saved in one place.

2. Launch your slide show app

Once you’ve decided on a slide show maker, you’ll want to launch the app from whatever device you’ll be using to create your presentation.

5. Add text, music, and transitions

After you’ve arranged the visuals in your slide show, you can provide additional information and communicate sentiment using custom text, music, and timed slide transitions.

3. Choose your theme

Most slide show software offers a variety of pre-set themes, colors, and designs. You can choose one that best suits your slide show or create a custom theme using the program’s various tools and features.

6. Record, save, and share your slide show

Now you’re ready to record your slide show, which can include a voiceover or Cameo . Once your slide show is complete, you can save it as a video to your device or to the cloud, such as OneDrive . You can access your saved slide show at any time to display at events, use in meetings, share online, or send directly to other people.

How to make a slide show with photos

Adding photos to your slide show is a great way to enliven your presentation and make it more visually interesting. Here are a few different ways you can add photos to your slide show in PowerPoint.

Add photos from your device

Whether you’re using a computer, tablet, phone, or other device, you can use photos that are saved to your device to create your slide show. In PowerPoint, simply select “Insert” then “Pictures” from the program menu, then choose “This Device.” This will open your photo library and allow you to find the photos you want to use. Once you’ve selected the photos that you want to import, just click on the "Insert" button and they will be added to your slide show. If you’re using a pre-made theme, you can also right-click the image in the slide show and select “Change Picture.” Again, you will choose “This Device” to access your photo library. After inserting your photo, you can reposition it on your slide or resize it however you like.

Use stock photos

Another way to add photos in PowerPoint is to follow the same process you would when adding photos from your device, but when prompted to choose your photo source, select “From Stock Images” instead of “This Device.” This will display a library of photos that you can use in your slide show without worrying about copyright infringement. There are thousands of stock images available in most slide show maker programs. Once the library is open, you can explore existing photo categories or use keywords to search for photos that fit your needs.

Explore online photo sources

Online photos are images you can insert into a PowerPoint slide show directly from the internet, as opposed to using those you have saved on your device. This is a convenient option if you don't have photos already prepared for your slide show, or if you can’t find the right kind of photo in the stock image library. However, there are some potential risks associated with using online photos, namely that you must be careful to use royalty-free images so not to infringe on any copyrights. In PowerPoint, there is a filtering option to ensure your search results only show royalty-free photos. Inserting photos from online sources follows the same process as the previous two methods, but this time, you’ll select “From Online Sources.”

How to add videos, music, and text

How to add videos to PowerPoint slide shows

Adding videos to your slide show involves accessing videos from your device, a stock video library, or online video sources—just as you would when adding photos. In this case, however, you’ll navigate to the menu in PowerPoint and select “Insert,” followed by “Media,” then “Video.” Once your video appears on your slide, you can resize or reposition it to fit your presentation needs. You can also set your video to play automatically in the slide show by selecting “Playback” on the menu and choosing “Start Automatically.”

How to add music to PowerPoint slide shows

Much like adding videos, you can add music to individual slides in PowerPoint by navigating to “Insert” on the menu, then “Media,” and finally “Audio.” You can then import music from your device, or you can record your own audio directly in PowerPoint. However, if you want your audio to play across multiple slides in your presentation—for example, as background music for a slide show—you’ll have to take a couple of extra steps. Once you’ve imported your audio file, select “Playback” from the menu and choose the “Play in Background” option. Your music will now play across all slides. You can set one song to loop for the duration of the slide show, or you can add more songs to play continuously throughout the slide show.

How to add text to PowerPoint slide shows

Premade themes in PowerPoint make adding text slide shows easy. On slides that already have templated content, you can simply click on the text and begin editing. In addition to changing what the text says, you can resize, recolor, reposition, and add special effects to the text. Of course, you can also change the font—or style—of the text. Most of this can be done from the “Home” tab on the menu while certain effects, such as shadows, can be found on the “Shape Format” tab. If you’re designing your presentation slides from scratch, or want to create additional text, find “Insert” on the menu, then choose “Text Box” or “Word Art,” depending on your desired text effect.

Discover custom slide show settings

Add even more effects to your PowerPoint slide show with custom settings like timing, transitions, and looping.

Set slide show timing

Adding timing to your slide show is a great way to control the pacing and flow of your presentation. To add timing in PowerPoint, go to the "Transitions" tab on the menu and find the "Advance Slide" area. Make sure the box next to “After:” is checked, then input the amount of time you’d like each slide to appear on-screen. The slides will automatically advance, creating a movie-like effect that’s great for events and special occasions.

Create slide show transitions

Now that you’ve added automatic timing to your slide show, you can make it more visually appealing by creating slide transitions. Transitions are special effects that allow you to animate the way your slides change from one to the next, and there are a variety of different transitions in PowerPoint that you can choose from. You can add these transitions to your slide show from the "Transitions” tab. From there, you’ll select the transition you want to add. To preview the transition, simply click on it. You can click “Apply To All” to automatically add the same transition to every slide in your slide show, or you can manually add different transitions to different slides.

Loop your slide show

If you want your slide show to play continuously until you choose to turn it off, you can set your PowerPoint presentation to loop. This will ensure your slide show automatically starts over from the beginning once it reaches the end. To get started, navigate to the “Slide Show” tab on the menu and select “Set Up Slide Show.” When the settings window opens, check the box next to “Loop continuously until ‘ESC’” and then click “OK.” When you’re ready to turn your slide show off, simply press the Esc key on your keyboard.

Slide show template and theme tips

Search themes and templates online.

With numerous slide show themes and templates available, it’s easy to find one that fits your needs.

Customize your design

If you can’t find the perfect theme or template, you can change things like colors and fonts.

Build a custom template

If you want a blueprint to use with future slide shows, you can create your own template.

Add new slides

If you need more slides, you can choose a specific layout and your theme will be carried over.

Edit your slide layouts

Even when using a theme or template, you can rearrange slide content to highlight key information.

Add photos, videos, and text

Themes and templates make adding media easy since most slides have designated content areas.

Change or resize your fonts

If your theme’s font is too small, you can resize it or choose a new font to make it easy to read.

Reorder your slide show

Some themes and templates have a predefined sequence, but you can reorder slides to meet your needs.

Create your own slide show

Slide shows are a great way to engage your audience and present important information. Whether you're creating a slide show for personal or professional reasons, slide shows are an essential tool for anyone who wants to share information in a visually appealing manner.

Discover more ways to improve your slide show

What options are available to create a slide show?

Slide show makers come in many forms. Some slide show software can only be used on specific devices, while other slide show creators can be accessed via the cloud from any device at any time.

It’s a good idea to evaluate a variety of slide show makers to ensure that you find one with all the features you need. For instance, some slide show software skews toward business use cases and others toward personal.

Microsoft PowerPoint is a popular slide show app that allows you to save presentations to your device or the cloud, and is widely used for personal, professional, and educational purposes.

Frequently asked questions

What are slide show apps and software.

Slide show apps and software are used to create and share slide shows. Slide show programs are typically used to communicate information, diagrams, plans, or processes. They can also be used to display photos and videos at events or retail stores. Usually, slide show makers have a range of built-in features and layouts, making them easy to use, regardless of technical skill levels.

What should a slide show include?

An effective slide show should be engaging, visually appealing, and informative. To achieve this, you'll want to make sure to include the following elements:

• A catchy headline or title. This will help grab your audience's attention and set the tone for the rest of your presentation.
• A variety of images. Don't just rely on text—incorporate photos, illustrations, or even video to maximize viewership.
• Bullet points or short blocks of text. Keep your slide content concise and easy to digest; too much information will only overwhelm your viewers.

How do I make a picture slide show?

There are a few different ways to make picture slide shows. You can use online programs, or you can create a slide show directly on your computer, phone, tablet, or other device using slide show software. Some programs, such as Microsoft PowerPoint, can be accessed on your personal device and on the cloud.

How long should a slide show be?

The length of your slide show will depend on several factors, such as the topic of your presentation, the audience you're presenting to, and the amount of time you have. That said, slide shows are generally between five and ten minutes long.

How can I make a slide show better?

Here are a few tips to make your slide show more engaging:

• Add images, videos, and music to bring your slide show to life.
• Use a font that is easy to read from a distance.
• Try not to use too many words on each slide.
• Use custom transitions and timing to make your slide show flow.
• Ensure a cohesive slide show by using a theme or template.
• For live presentations, practice with the Speaker Coach feature .

Follow Microsoft 365

Introducing the ultimate Copilot+ PCs – The all-new Surface Pro and Surface Laptop

• Pete Kyriacou – CVP, Microsoft Devices

Today, Microsoft and Surface introduced the fastest, most intelligent Windows PCs ever: Copilot+ PCs. The all-new Surface Pro and Surface Laptop are the ultimate Copilot+ PCs, delivering incredible performance, all-day battery life and brand-new AI experiences. They showcase the beauty and innovation that happens at the intersection of software and hardware.

Surface was created to lead the PC industry with innovation and technology that showcases the best of Microsoft and empowers our customers to achieve more. We’ve been at the forefront of new PC categories, with thoughtful designs and new features that inspire our customers. And as we dive into the new wave of AI, Surface continues to put our customers first.

Copilot+ PCs

Copilot+ PCs provide a quantum leap in computing, with power, performance and breakthrough AI experiences. Debuting with Snapdragon ® X Elite and Snapdragon X Plus processors, Copilot+ PCs are tuned to deliver optimal processing and response times – and are faster than the latest Macbook Air. i

Performance like this means the apps customers love work great. Microsoft has partnered closely with developers across the globe to optimize their applications for this processor. In addition, the powerful new Prism emulation engine delivers a 2x performance boost compared to Surface Pro 9 with 5G. On the new Surface Pro and Surface Laptop, powered by Snapdragon X Elite and Snapdragon X Plus processors, experiences like Adobe Creative Cloud, Microsoft 365 and Chrome will feel snappy, quick and responsive.

In addition, Copilot+ PCs have the most powerful Neural Processing Units (NPUs) in the PC category today. With over 45 trillion of operations per second (TOPS), these NPUs power new AI experiences – here are three that we love:

In addition to Microsoft experiences, the power of the NPU extends in our work with developers who are leveraging the NPU for their own AI workloads. Some examples of these new AI experiences include:

• Davinci Resolve: Effortlessly apply visual effects to objects and people using NPU-accelerated Magic Mask in DaVinci Resolve Studio.
• Cephable: Stay in your flow with faster, more responsive adaptive input controls, like head movement or facial expressions via the new NPU-powered camera pipeline in Cephable .
• CapCut: Remove the background from any video clip in a snap using Auto Cutout running on the NPU in CapCut.

We are seeing many developers around the world and across various industries working on exciting new ways to accelerate their applications using the power of the NPU, including: WhatsApp, Luminar Neo, LiquidText, Camo, djay Pro and more.

All-new Surface Pro

Over 10 years ago, Surface pioneered the 2-in-1 category. Since then, the tablet that can replace your laptop has advanced the expectations of a productivity device, delivering more power, more battery life and innovation people love. The all-new Surface Pro unlocks a new way to think about a laptop: Combining accelerated performance, all-day battery life and industry-leading AI capabilities in an ultra-flexible design that can replace your tablet, your laptop and can even power your multi-monitor set-up.

The all-new Surface Pro , powered by Snapdragon® X Elite and Snapdragon X Plus processors, delivers incredibly fast speeds, 90% faster than Surface Pro 9. It’s built for the ultimate multitasker, supporting up to three external 4K displays, with two USB 4 ports, and a stunning 13” display with new optional OLED with HDR technology, delivering new levels of peak brightness and immersive colors. Wi-Fi 7 offers the fastest wireless connection iv available and optional 5G v keeps you connected to the fastest cellular network, while you’re on the move.

The ultra-wide, quad-HD front-facing camera is our best Surface camera ever. AI-powered Windows Studio Effects like Automatic Framing, keep you in focus, even as you move around your space. The 10MP Ultra HD rear-facing autofocus camera supports 4K video so you can capture and edit all on one device.

Surface Pro is made with more recycled materials than Surface Pro 9, including 72% recycled content in the enclosure. vi Surface Pro is serviceable by design with more replaceable components than ever, including the motherboard, battery, cameras and more.

The all-new Surface Pro Flex Keyboard unlocks new levels of flexibility. It’s ready to be used attached to your Pro for the ultimate laptop set-up or detached for more flexibility and to support your creative workflows.

It is built with enhanced extra carbon fiber layers for stability and has a larger, customizable haptic touchpad. With integrated pen storage, your Slim Pen is secure, charged and ready to go.

Surface Slim Pen gets even better with the new Surface Pro, with all new AI experiences. The ink now flows naturally with Zero Force inking, ultra-precise shading, 4,096 points of pressure sensitivity and a built-in haptic engine for a more natural writing experience.

The all-new Surface Pro is the most flexible laptop, reimagined.

All-new Surface Laptop

When we first launched Surface Laptop, it redefined the classic PC category, pushing boundaries and elevating the user experience to new heights. We introduced premium materials, a vibrant array of colors, ultra-productive 3:2 aspect ratio touchscreens, and a fit and finish like nothing else. We delivered power and performance, and the best typing experience on the market to this day, in a light, sleek design. Beyond elegant design, the Surface Laptop showcased an incredible balance of premium features that delivered the best of Microsoft on a Surface device. This holistic approach revolutionized the industry, setting new standards for excellence and heralding a new era of innovation in laptop design.

The all-new Surface Laptop maintains these principles – purpose built to unlock a new AI era with Copilot experiences that transform the PC experience.

Redesigned from the inside out, this new Laptop has modern lines and a stunning PixelSense touchscreen display with razor-thin bezels.  With 120Hz refresh rate, HDR technology, Dolby Vision IQ™ vii and Adaptive color technology, this display delivers crisper whites, darker blacks and an extended color spectrum. There are two screen sizes, as our new 13.8” display provides larger viewing area than a traditional 14” laptop, in a more compact design and a 15” with an even larger working canvas. This ultra-light and stylish Laptop comes in four stunning colors viii : Platinum, Black, Dune and Sapphire.

Surface Laptop unleashes lightning-fast speed and AI accelerated power for the ultimate multitasking. It is 86% faster than Laptop 5, delivering incredible performance.  It can power up to three external 4K monitors. The 45 TOPS NPU unlocks new AI experiences and delivers industry-leading performance for seamless productivity with the longest battery life on any Surface – up to 22 hours on the Surface Laptop 15” ix and up to 20 on the Surface Laptop 13.8” x . With a large variety of ports and lightning-fast Wi-Fi 7, you will always be connected.

The new Surface Laptop has a Full HD Surface Studio Camera that supports AI-powered Windows Studio Effects like Automatic Framing, Portrait Blur, Creative Filters and Voice Focus – so you come across clearly and confidently. AI-enhanced sound with premium Omnisonic® Speakers and Dolby® Atmos® xi , and Studio Mics amplify your voice and presence.

Surface Laptop is known for its comfortable and quiet typing experience and now, every keystroke is perfected. With optimal key travel for accurate and swift typing and a large precision haptic touchpad that is smooth, responsive and customizable for your personal preference.

This is the fastest, most intelligent Surface Laptop ever.

Surface product principles

Accessibility, security and sustainability are core components in every product in the Surface lineup. The all-new Surface Pro and Surface Laptop make major strides across all three categories.

Surface products are built to empower everyone on the planet to achieve more. When we develop inclusive products, we create a more comfortable and empowering product experience for everyone, without excluding people in the process. Our journey involves continuous learning from the disability community, placing them at the heart of our design process to develop solutions that unlock their full potential.

Our accessible offerings are comprehensive, ranging from an ecosystem of adaptive accessories to adaptive features built into the fabric of our hardware and software. With the new Copilot+ PCs from Surface, we continued to prioritize adaptability, resulting in products that are inclusive by design.

That’s why we designed the new Surface Pro Flex Keyboard with a bold keyset option, xii to reduce eye strain and assist people with low vision. We added a customizable, haptic touchpad, the most inclusive touchpad on the market today, to both our Surface Pro keyboard and our Surface Laptop, empowering customers with a wide range of hand movement and dexterity capabilities to easily adjust the touchpad to their preferences, resulting in a more delightful experience for all.

These hardware capabilities, alongside new experiences that utilize the power of the NPU, increase your productivity and creativity, allowing you to work, learn and play in the way that is most natural to you.

Security and privacy are always top of mind for us, implementing chip-to-cloud security that begins with inherently secure Surface devices. These new Surface PCs are meticulously built to protect your data from day one. Starting with tracing the origin of even the smallest components on the motherboard through building the lines of code ensuring a secure boot. Every Copilot+ PC will be a Secured-Core PC with Microsoft Pluton Security enabled by default and Windows Hello Enhanced Sign-in enabled by default. We take our responsibility to keep your data safe seriously.

In 2020, Microsoft set a goal to become carbon negative by 2030 – and at Surface, we know we have a responsibility to the planet. With the new Surface Pro and Surface Laptop we are introducing our most significant sustainability advancements yet. We have reduced our carbon emissions by an average of 78% per enclosure through several sustainability interventions, including using 100% recycled aluminum alloy, 100% recycled rare-earth metal magnets and 100% carbon free electricity at manufacturing facilities. xiii

We are also committed to reducing plastic waste – with all-new paper-based packaging with more recyclable components – and extending the lifetime of your device with innovative repairability features.

This is just the beginning. We will continue delivering sustainability advancements across the device lifecycle as we work towards Microsoft’s 2030 commitments.

Pre-order today

The brand-new Surface Pro and Surface Laptop deliver incredible speeds, all-day battery life and all-new AI experiences, all starting at $999. You can pre-order today and learn more about our new products at Microsoft.com. They’ll be available at key retailers worldwide starting June 18. To learn more about Surface for your organization, visit the Surface for Business blog.

i   Based on Cinebench 2024 Multi-threaded conducted by Microsoft in April 2024 comparing pre-release build of Surface Laptop with Snapdragon X Elite running pre-release Windows 11 26100 and Apple MacBook Air 13″ with M3 running macOS 14 Sonoma.  

ii   Recall is optimized for select languages (English, Chinese (simplified), French, German, Japanese and Spanish.) Content-based and storage limitations apply. See https://aka.ms/copilotpluspcs .  

iii   Currently supports translation for video and audio subtitles into English from 40+ languages. See https://aka.ms/copilotpluspcs .  

iv   6GHz band not available in all regions.  

v   5G availability options with 5G coming later in 2024. 5G not available in all areas; compatibility and performance depends on carrier network, plan and other factors. See carrier for details and pricing.  

vi   Enclosure includes Bucket and Kickstand. 100% recycled aluminum alloy in Bucket and Kickstand. 100% recycled rare earth metals in magnets. Based on validation performed by Underwriter Laboratories, Inc. using Environmental Claim Validation Procedure, UL 2809-2, Second Edition, November 7, 2023.   

vii   Requires Dolby Vision® encoded content and video.  

viii   Colors available on selected models only. Available colors, sizes, finishes and processors may vary by store, market and configuration.  

ix   Local video playback: Testing conducted by Microsoft in April 2024 using preproduction software and preproduction Surface Laptop Snapdragon® X Elite C12 512GB, 16GB RAM devices. Testing consisted of full battery discharge during video playback of a .mov file through the Windows Media Player application in 1080p at 24 FPS. All settings were default except screen brightness set to 150 nits with Auto-brightness disabled. Wi-Fi was connected to a network. Tested with Windows 11. Battery life varies significantly with settings, usage and other factors.  

x   Local video playback: Testing conducted by Microsoft in April 2024 using preproduction software and preproduction Surface Laptop Snapdragon® X Plus C10 256GB, 16GB RAM devices. Testing consisted of full battery discharge during video playback of a .mov file through the Windows Media Player application in 1080p at 24 FPS. All settings were default except screen brightness set to 150 nits with Auto-brightness disabled. Wi-Fi was connected to a network. Tested with Windows 11. Battery life varies significantly with settings, usage and other factors.  

xi  Requires Dolby® Atmos® encoded content/audio.  

xii  Surface Pro Flex Keyboard with bold keyset available only in U.S. English.  

xiii  As compared to a baseline no-interventions scenario modeling the same products without any sustainability interventions in the production phase of the devices.  

Computer historian from Clay County lists landmark devices: Perhaps you had one?

We asked Orange Park computer historian David Greelish , who recently made a documentary on Apple's old Lisa computer, to give us a timeline on the development of personal computers, listing specific models and where they fit in.

Here's his list. Perhaps you had one of these; if so, you could be practically historic.

Greelish writes: There is so much more to the evolution of the personal computer, especially after 1990 and Windows 3.0, but the Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) and 32-bit microprocessor set the foundation for constant improvement up to where we are today. Desktop computers were also only the first “tier” of personal computing, as notebook (portables) and handhelds followed as the second and third.

The Lisa was the first commercially available personal computer (consumer-based, with a microprocessor) that delivered what we all use today (mouse-driven, office metaphor — desktop, files, folders, icons, etc. — graphical user interface). Our smartphones are simply a variation of this, with our fingers replacing the mouse. Though it was a market failure, the Apple Lisa set the stage for everything else that followed.

The first microcomputers (8-bit)

First standardized bus (S-100) . (Times-Union note: Wikipedia says a bus is "a communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer or between computers.)

MITS Altair 8800 (first commercially successful, mass-produced personal computer), 1975

IMSAI 8080 (first clone computer, of the Altair), 1975

Processor Technology Sol-20 (first primitive BIOS, or basic input/output system), 1976

First true consumer computers (“out of the box” ready), 1977

Commodore PET 2001 

Radio Shack TRS-80 Model 1

16-bit computers in the home and business

IBM Personal Computer (PC), 1981

Compaq Portable (first true "IBM-compatible" computer), 1983

32-bit computers & Graphical User Interfaces (GUI)

Apple Lisa (Lisa Office System), 1983

Apple Macintosh (Macintosh System Software), 1984 

Compaq Deskpro 386 (first implementation of the 32-bit 80386 processor), 1986 

Microsoft Windows 3.0 (first commercially successful GUI for "IBM-compatible” computers), 1990

How to video record yourself presenting a PowerPoint

What type of content do you primarily create?

Recording yourself presenting a PowerPoint can be challenging, especially getting the technical aspects right. You need to capture your screen, webcam, and audio seamlessly while delivering your content naturally and avoiding awkward transitions between slides.

Finding a tool that integrates all these components can seem daunting. However, recording yourself presenting a PowerPoint doesn't have to be reserved for the tech-savvy or professional speakers.

Whether you're a teacher creating online lessons, a marketer producing a product demo, or someone looking to improve their presentation skills, this guide will walk you through user-friendly tools and strategies that will teach you how to video record yourself presenting a PowerPoint.

• Recording yourself presenting a PowerPoint can be challenging, but it doesn't have to be reserved for experts.
• Video recording offers unlimited reach, repurposing opportunities, and a more engaging experience.
• Use PowerPoint's built-in recording feature or tools like Descript for a polished presentation.
• Other tools like Zoom, Loom, OBS Studio, Clipchamp, and Quick Time Player can also be used for recording.
• Tips include practicing your script, using slide notes, ensuring high-quality audio and lighting, and incorporating storytelling techniques.

Why video record yourself presenting a PowerPoint? 

Video recording your PowerPoint presentations offers several advantages:

• Unlimited reach : Unlike in-person presentations confined to a specific time and location, recorded videos allow your message to reach audiences globally at their convenience.
• Repurposing opportunities: Recorded presentations can be repurposed as evergreen content across multiple platforms, such as social media, online courses, webinars, and internal training materials, maximizing their value.
• Personal and engaging : Recording yourself narrating a presentation adds a personal touch and dynamic element that static slides alone cannot replicate. Your viewers can see and hear you deliver the content, creating a more immersive and engaging experience.

How to record your presentation with the PowerPoint app

Built-in recording feature in powerpoint.

1. Open the PowerPoint slide you want to record. 

2. Click on the Record tab of the top toolbar.

3. Click on the Record button and choose from any of the following options:

• From Current Slide
• From Beginning

4. You'll see the PowerPoint screen recording window.

5. Select the microphone and camera from the icon on the top-right.

6. Click the Stop and Replay buttons to end or replay your recording.

7. To export your presentation's recording, click Export to Video within the Recording tab.

Benefits : Easy to use, no external tools needed

Limitations : Limited editing capabilities.

How to make a more polished recording of your presentation with Descript 

While PowerPoint's built-in recording features are helpful, they may not produce the refined result you want for your presentation. That's where Descript comes in handy. 

It’s a whole production studio at your fingertips, with video recording, transcription, and editing capabilities, ready to transform dull PowerPoint slides into an engaging experience for your audience. Descript also has a built-in screen recorder.

You can use Descript on Windows, Mac, or even straight from your web browser. 

Here's step-by-step guide to recording your PowerPoint presentation with Descript.

Set up your screen recording

1. Install and open Descript. At the top of the editor, click and open the Record panel. 

2. Select Screen.

3. Set Recorder settings:

Adjust the default recording settings to your liking, including the transcription language, the maximum recording resolution, and more. 

4. Set recording options. Choose which audio and video sources to record (e.g., microphone, computer audio, camera). Remember to turn the camera on to capture your talking head video alongside your PowerPoint presentation.

5. Click the Additional Settings icon for

• Studio Sound (Optional): Enhance audio quality with noise reduction and background removal
• Transcription (Optional): Enable automatic transcription for easier editing
• Recording separate audio tracks

6. Add (optional) Speaker labels for each audio track (e.g., "Narrator," "Expert") by typing them in the text box next to your audio inputs. 

Capture your screen recording

1. Select the right recording option:

• Recording into script : Choose this if you haven’t recorded anything yet.
• Replace selection : Choose this if you already have a script and want to replace a specific section with a new recording.
• Record new layer : Pick this for recording your video as a new layer on top of an existing recording.

2. Click Record at the bottom of the Record panel.

3. Drag over the area of your screen you wish to record. Click Start Recording. Press Space to start recording the full screen.

4. Click Stop to finish recording

Bonus: Descript creates separate tracks for camera, microphone, and computer audio. You can edit each track individually for more precise control.

• Do a short test recording to ensure everything is set up correctly.
• Set your recording to transibe for easier editing.

Editing and polishing your PowerPoint recording in Descript

Descript's AI video editing tool makes it a breeze to trim, cut, and splice your video footage, ensuring a seamless flow from start to finish. You can add smooth transitions and other visual effects to make your presentation pop.

Here’s a glimpse of how to edit and polish your PowerPoint recording in Descript:

Edit your recording like a doc

Did you make a mistake during a slide transition? No problem. Just delete those sections in the text transcript (created automatically by Descript) and the video will adjust to match.

Remove filler words

Sound smoother and more confident by easily removing filler words like "um" and "uh" from the transcript.

Fix voiceover mistakes by typing

Didn't nail your delivery on a specific slide? No need to start from scratch! Descript's Overdub feature lets you simply type in the correct narration and replace the audio on that slide with AI voice cloning.

Boost video quality and engagement : 

• Crisp up audio quality by reducing background noise and room reverb with the AI-powered Studio Sound feature.
• ‎Replace your background completely with the Green Screen Video Editor —look like you're presenting in a sleek studio or broadcasting from a beach.
• Enable Eye Contact simulation with AI, so it appears you're making direct eye contact with viewers, even if you’re looking or reading something off-camera.

Other ways to video record yourself presenting a PowerPoint 

Use Zoom’s meeting recording feature to record yourself giving a PowerPoint presentation. Start a Zoom meeting with yourself, share your PowerPoint window, and enable recording

Loom is a handy screen recording tool that also offers a webcam overlay. Launch the Loom app or Chrome extension and set it to record your screen and webcam. Expect high-quality recordings but no advanced editing features. The free plan offers only five minutes of recording at a stretch.

3. OBS Studio

OBS Studio is a free, open-source screen recorder/streaming software with a steeper learning curve. It’s popular among advanced or tech-savvy users who need granular customization and control.

To record your presentation, add a "Screen Capture" source to capture your PowerPoint window and a "Video Capture Device" source for your webcam. 

4. Clipchamp: Recording natively in Windows

You can use Microsoft’s Clipchamp , the built-in screen recorder and video editor for Windows, to simultaneously capture your computer screen, webcam, and audio for recording your PowerPoint presentation. It’s also available as a browser-based app. You can record up to 30 minutes on screen and webcam recordings.

Users can also adjust the screen and webcam recordings in the editing timeline separately. 

5. Quick Time Player Recording natively in Mac

Use Mac’s Quick Time Player to record your PowerPoint presentation. It’s not as straightforward as the other options on this list, so here’s a quick guide to help you out:

• Launch Quick Time Player.
• Select File and go to New Movie Recording.
• You'll be recording your entire screen in addition to recording your face, so adjust the size and location of the recording window so that it's in a nonintrusive corner of your PowerPoint.
• Go to View and select Float on Top .
• Next, go to File and select New Screen Recording.
• On the menu that appears, select Record Selected Portion and drag a border around your PowerPoint and the webcam recording window.
• Press Record and start presenting.
• You can adjust the video quality and the audio source in the webcam recording window.

How to turn your PowerPoint presentation slides into a video 

Did you know PowerPoint lets you save your presentation as a video, too? 

Here's a breakdown of the two ways you can do so—keeping all the presentation elements (narration, animation, pointer movements, timings, and so on) intact in the presentation itself.  

Save your PowerPoint presentation as a video

This creates a separate video file (MP4 or WMV) that anyone can play, even without PowerPoint. 

Follow these steps:

• Save your presentation
• Go to File > Export > Create a Video
• Ultra HD (4K): Best for large screens (if you have Windows 10+)
• Full HD (1080p): Great for computers and TVs
• HD (720p): Good for streaming online or on DVDs
• Standard (480p): Smallest size, good for phones

4. Decide on narration

• If you haven't recorded yourself talking, choose "Don't Use Recorded Timings and Narrations" from the dropdown menu
• If you have a recording, choose "Use Recorded Timings and Narrations." You can also set how long each slide shows for (default is 5 seconds)

5. Click Create Video

6. Name your video, pick a folder to save it in, and choose a file type (MPEG-4 or Windows Media Video)

Creating the video might take a while, especially for longer presentations. You can even leave it running overnight. Once done, find your video in the chosen folder and double-click to play it.

Save your PowerPoint presentation as a slideshow

This saves your presentation as a special file (PPSX) that starts playing automatically on full screen when opened. It only works with PowerPoint.

Here’s how it works:

• Make sure your presentation is saved (regular PowerPoint file)
• Go to File > Save As .
• Pick a folder to save the slideshow in.
• Under Save as type, choose PowerPoint Show (*.ppsx) .
• Click Save .

Now when someone opens the file, it will automatically play the slideshow.

Pro tips for making better video PowerPoint presentations 

Practice your script.

Recording a flawless PowerPoint video rarely happens in one take. The key is practice.

Record practice run-throughs and watch them back. Make notes on areas that need improvement or parts lacking clarity. The more you drill your script, the more confident and natural you'll sound in the final recording.

Take advantage of PowerPoint's built-in Speaker Coach . The feature shows you whether your pace is too fast or slow, your use of filler words like "um," and suggestions to improve your voice modulation.

Use slide notes for coherent delivery

Wouldn’t a personal teleprompter make presentations so much easier? That’s what slide notes are for.

Having your thoughts and talking points organized within your PowerPoint file lets you have all crucial information and prompts readily available when recording.

Go ahead and add detailed notes or even a full script for each slide. This will help you stay on track and provide a handy transcript reference if you need to do any editing or voiceover work in post-production.

Use high-quality audio equipment or turn on Studio Sound

Poor audio recording quality is a surefire way to make even the most visually polished video feel amateurish. Do your presentation justice by investing in a decent external or Bluetooth microphone and audio interface to capture clear voiceover audio.

If you must use a built-in mic, record in a quiet environment to minimize background noise pickup. Or better yet, pair up with an AI-powered audio enhancement tool like Descript's Studio Sound , which reduces background noise , reverb, and other artifacts.

Ensure a clean background and even lighting

Ditch cluttered backgrounds. You want people to focus on the content of your PowerPoint and not be distracted by the funny shapes and colors in your video. 

Your video lighting and framing matters, too. Position yourself facing a natural light source or bring supplemental video lighting to eliminate weird shadows and squinting-level glare.

Look directly into the camera or turn on Eye Contact

Looking directly into the camera is essential to create a sense of connection with the audience. Position your webcam or camera at eye level and imagine you're talking to a friend. If you're using Descript, enable the Eye Contact feature to auto-adjust your gaze towards the camera.

• Dress professionally and maintain a good posture to project confidence and authority.
• Use visuals, animations, and multimedia elements to enhance your presentation and keep your audience engaged.
• Consider adding closed captions or subtitles to your video for better accessibility and engagement, especially for those watching without sound.
• Speak clearly and at a moderate pace, using vocal variety to emphasize key points and maintain interest.
• Incorporate storytelling techniques, real-life examples, or personal anecdotes to make your video presentation more relatable and memorable .

Take your PowerPoint presentations from amateur to amazing 

Recording yourself virtually presenting a PowerPoint allows you to distribute your message using the most engaging type of content: video. And there are many screen recording tools out there that can capture your screen and web camera footage with just a few clicks. 

But how do you stand out?

By focusing on the presentation's depth, your delivery, and the video's quality. The first two are the bare minimum to communicate your message effectively. 

But the right screen capture software and all-in-one video creation tool like Descript can help you with third. Use the tool to improve the quality of your recorded PPT presentations. 

With Descript, it's easier than ever to record your screen, polish up the audio, and create stunning visuals all in one place. So why wait? 

Sign up for Descript today and simplify your workflow while creating a PowerPoint presentation video that sticks with your audience in the long term.

How do you make a presentation video with your face?

To create a presentation video with your face, follow these steps:

• Open your presentation in PowerPoint.
• Go to the Slide Show tab.
• Click on Record and choose From Current Slide or From Beginning .
• Choose your microphone and camera by clicking on a sound icon on the top-right.
• Start recording by clicking on the record button.
• Speak into your microphone to narrate the presentation.
• Your webcam will capture your face during the recording.
• Click Stop when you finish recording.
• Export your recorded presentation by clicking on File> Export>Create a video.

How do you present yourself in PowerPoint?

To present yourself effectively in PowerPoint, follow these steps:

• Determine the key information to include in your presentation.
• Design and prepare your PowerPoint slides with a cohesive theme.
• Craft a compelling introduction to engage your audience.
• Tailor your presentation to different time constraints for flexibility.
• Capture the audience's attention before you begin speaking.

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Article Contents

Lay summary, study 1: literature review, study 1: method, study 1: results, study 1: discussion, study 2: introduction, study 2: literature review, study 2: method, study 2: results, data availability, toxic positivity intentions: an image management approach to upward social comparison and false self-presentation.

• Article contents
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Abby H Salopek, Matthew S Eastin, Toxic positivity intentions: an image management approach to upward social comparison and false self-presentation, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication , Volume 29, Issue 3, May 2024, zmae003, https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmae003

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Media users are often overwhelmed with excessive amounts of positivity on social media. While a healthy positive outlook acknowledges both the positive and negative aspects of life, a growing term in popular media referring to toxic positivity suggests users leverage positivity and avoid negativity for personal gain. Employing a two-study, multi-method design, Study 1 is framed within the impression management literature to conceptually and operationally define perceived toxic positivity intentions (TPI) through qualitative and quantitative measures. Study 2 is framed within the bandwagon and descriptive norm literature to investigate the role of perceived TPI in upward social comparisons and digital self-presentation behaviors. Results of Study 1 indicate a five-factor solution of perceived TPI on social media. Results of Study 2 suggest the relationship between (most) dimensions of perceived TPI and false social media self-presentations is significantly mediated by upward social comparison.

This study looked at why people believe others use positivity when posting on social media and the impact it has on comparisons and future social media behaviors. The results show people believe others have five main promotional intentions: inauthentic self-promotion, malicious self-promotion, personal self-promotion, commercial self-promotion, and positivity promotion. The second study suggests when people believe others to have negative intentions behind positive posting, they are likely to experience more comparisons toward the poster and more behaviors of sharing a false version of themselves.

Presenting an edited version of oneself, often highly subjective and not completely truthful, is a central theme in self-presentations on social media ( Chua & Chang, 2016 ; Mun & Kim, 2021 ; Prins & Wellman, 2023 ; Rousseau, 2021 ; Yau & Reich, 2019 ). Defined as social media self-presentation, users edit photos and strategically present a positive narrative of themselves to their audience for personal gain. Consider how users manage impressions through social media posts that highlight how beautiful, smart, and beyond expectations their family is, how great their partner looks, or how their diet has worked miracles. Sound familiar? Although it is natural to lean toward a positive bias when portraying oneself on social media ( Rousseau, 2021 ; Yau & Reich, 2019 ), these types of posts do not represent a complete narrative or use positivity in a healthy way, which results in a positivity bias across social media and negative effects for users who are exposed to the positivity ( Putra et al., 2023 ).

Popular media has defined positive communication avoiding negative emotions or experiences as toxic positivity ( Solaris, 2019 ), and the phenomenon is increasingly being explored across academic literature ( Pangestu et al., 2022 ; Prins & Wellman, 2023 ; Putra et al., 2023 ; Quinto et al., 2021 ). Research reveals that toxic positivity is used by social media users as a self-presentation strategy to suppress negativity by only conveying positivity ( Prins & Wellman, 2023 ). Yet, in current research on toxic positivity on social media, perceptions of this self-enhancement strategy and its impact on other users remain understudied. As such, research has not yet addressed what intentions people perceive as toxic positivity and what role the perceptions play in users perceiving their life to be less than others. That is, users could see toxic positivity and think it is fake or is intentionally being malicious. In contrast, a user could see these posts and think the post is prideful, inspiring, or important. Since the difference in perceptions of posts could manifest from the perceived intention of sharing, it is important to investigate the intentions users perceive others to have when using toxic positivity.

Considering the outcome of perceived intentions of posting toxic positivity on social media, research suggests that when individuals perceive they are being deceived by a false self-presentation shared by others, the individuals are likely to reciprocate the deception ( Markowitz & Hancock, 2018 ). In a social media context, where exposure to positively biased posts highlighting the best parts of life is associated with comparisons ( Chae, 2018 ; Chua & Chang, 2016 ; Pedalino & Camerini, 2022 ), the current study leverages the descriptive norm literature ( Bergquist & Nilsson, 2019 ; Cialdini, 2005 ) and positions upward social comparison as an explanatory process by which the perceived intentions behind sharing toxic positivity influence the sharing of one’s own false self-presentation.

Purpose of the present study

To move the literature on toxic positivity as a self-presentation strategy forward, this study explicates the construct of perceived toxic positivity intentions (TPI) and examines the implications of perceived TPI on future self-presentation behaviors. Specifically, this study examines the broad perceptions of intentions behind posting toxic positivity across all social media. This study employs a two-study design that investigates perceptions of posting toxic positivity on social media (Study 1) and empirically investigates the impact of perceiving TPI on false self-presentation behaviors through upward social comparisons (Study 2). Study 1 leverages both qualitative and quantitative methodology to outline, conceptualize, and operationalize the concept of perceived TPI. Then, Study 2 extends the literature by uniquely demonstrating the impact of perceived TPI on social media behaviors through upward social comparison.

Impression management

Impression management research examines why and how individuals influence perceptions that others form. The underlying principles of impression management were first defined by Goffman (1949) through the introduction of self-presentation processes in social interactions. Generally, people manage impressions to achieve personal goals, and to do so, it often includes managing a positive and socially desirable image among others. Maintaining this favorable image, and controlling perceptions that others form about oneself, is referred to as self-presentation ( Goffman, 1949 ). While current literature often uses the terms impression management and self-presentation interchangeably, self-presentation refers specifically to managing information and impressions made about oneself.

Self-presentations are often complex as individuals share multiple versions of themselves, such as their real self (sharing authentic feelings), their ideal self (sharing ideal attributes such as aspirations), and their false self (sharing something that is not true), all of which could be presented simultaneously across social media ( Michikyan et al., 2015 ). This is especially true for adolescents and emerging adults who spend time experimenting with their identities on social media ( Yang & Bradford Brown, 2016 ). Self-presentations further vary in the breadth (amount), depth (level of intimacy), valence (positivity), authenticity (accuracy), and intentionality of the personal information being shared ( Yang & Bradford Brown, 2016 ; Yang et al., 2017 ).

Many self-presentations are motivated by personal gain ( Yau & Reich, 2019 ), where social media users are selective in the images and information they post for others to see ( Fox & Vendemia, 2016 ; Lo & McKercher, 2015 ; Rousseau, 2021 ) and craft their image to be more positive ( Prins & Wellman, 2023 ; Saha et al., 2021 ; Vogel & Rose, 2016 ), visually enhanced ( Chua & Chang, 2016 ; Fox & Vendemia, 2016 ; Rousseau, 2021 ), and sometimes even false ( Gil-Or et al., 2015 ). It is important to note, however, that research suggests individuals often form a negative perception of self-enhancement strategies ( Hong et al., 2020 ; Lafrenière et al., 2016 ). As such, it is important to investigate the perceptions of toxic positivity as a self-presentation tactic. It is important to explore this specific strategy, and the intentions behind it, as there may be negative implications for the user exposed ( Brooks et al., 2019 ; Quinto et al., 2021 ).

Toxic positivity on social media

Toxic positivity is defined by Psychology Today as “the act of avoiding, suppressing, or rejecting negative emotions or experiences” ( n.d. ). Popular media interpretations of toxic positivity refer to the phenomenon as the demand for a positive attitude ( Scott, 2020 ; Solaris, 2019 ). Previous academic publications have explored toxic positivity as forcing others to have a positive mindset ( Pangestu et al., 2022 ; Putra et al., 2023 ; Quinto et al., 2021 ) and as avoiding negativity when posting on social media ( Prins & Wellman, 2023 ). Toxic positivity is seen through influencers and content creators as they share their own success stories as advice that others should follow to be successful, often attributing such success to having a positive outlook ( Bosveld, 2021 ). For instance, during the 2019 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), fitness coaches often framed the negativity of the virus positively when posting to Instagram, such as being “grateful for home workouts” ( Prins & Wellman, 2023 ). Here, influencers were avoiding the negativity of the global pandemic, and instead, used positivity to lift themselves up on social media. Toxic positivity is also experienced through the use of deception when people only share positive information ( Vogel & Rose, 2016 ; Yau & Reich, 2019 ), heavily edited photos ( Fox & Vendemia, 2016 ; Lo & McKercher, 2015 ; Rousseau, 2021 ), or information that is not true about themselves ( Mun & Kim, 2021 )––all of which focus on the best parts of oneself while avoiding any negative aspects, or even crafting a fake version altogether.

There is no doubt that individuals are more likely to post about their positive life events that represent a gain for themselves and avoid sharing the negative aspects of their life ( Saha et al., 2021 ). Although positivity and optimism are considered beneficial in self-presentations to form a positive impression, this is also where it can become toxic to other users—when social media users, and their posts, suppress the difficult and challenging aspects of life, or when positivity is used to push others down or to lift oneself up by deception ( Brooks et al., 2019 ; Pangestu et al., 2022 ; Prins & Wellman, 2023 ). Previous research indicates that individual differences in processing positive social media posts lead users to react in different ways, especially through the process of comparison ( de Vries et al., 2018 ). This means that if individuals have different emotional outcomes ( Pangestu et al., 2022 ) and different processing tendencies ( de Vries et al., 2018 ), the excessively expressed positive information and enhanced images can be harmful to individuals depending on how they perceive the intentions of the post. For instance, a social media post about a successful weight loss journey could be viewed by one user as bragging and by another user as being informative about effective dieting strategies, and one user may be more negatively impacted than the other.

Based on the literature outlined, Study 1 leans on the self-presentation literature to understand toxic positivity through the development of a perceived TPI measure. To do so, Study 1 of this research focuses on people’s perceptions of the intentions behind using toxic positivity. In doing so, the development of a perceived TPI measure provides a unique contribution to the toxic positivity literature, which also extends motivation and impression management literature, by offering a more nuanced focus toward perceptions of self-enhancement strategies through an individual difference perspective.

Conceptualization and operationalization of TPI

RQ1: How do social media users perceive intentions to post toxic positivity on social media?

Five stages were involved in a mixed methods approach to scale development and validation ( Zhou, 2019 ): (1) qualitative investigation of the construct (perceived TPI), (2) generation of the item pool through open-ended responses, (3) reduction of items, (4) administration of the final scale items, and (5) item purification and validation through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) for evidence of construct validity. It is important to note that each independent expert reviewer (in Stage 3) has published research on social media use and effects through peer-reviewed academic journals. The final scale items can be found in Appendix Table A1 .

Qualitative investigation

In exchange for extra credit, undergraduate college students at a large southwestern university in the United States were invited to participate in an online survey, which was designed and administered using Qualtrics. These data consist of 239 respondents. Of these respondents, 73.6% were female, 25.5% male, 0.4% identified as non-binary/third gender, and 0.4% indicated “other.” Regarding ethnicity, 54.8% were Caucasian, 5.4% were African American, 1.3% were American Indian or Alaska Native, 17.2% were Asian, 16.3% were Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, and 5.0% indicated an ethnicity not listed. Approximately 30.5% indicated they were of Hispanic/Latino/Spanish origin. All respondents used social media regularly. More specifically, 0.8% of respondents reported using social media monthly, 2% reported using platforms weekly, 31% reported using daily, 41.1% reported using hourly, and 24.7% reported using all the time.

Outline of survey

Respondents were presented with: “Social media users post positive messages. At times, their messages are considered overly positive and lacking in any negative emotions or negative experiences.” Respondents were asked to think about their social media experiences and indicate up to three intentions they think other users have for sharing positive posts that lack negative emotions and experiences on social media. The respondents were not asked to consider a specific social media platform when indicating their perceptions.

Item generation and reduction

The authors of this study reviewed the qualitative responses provided by the respondents and generated a pool of items representative of intentions to share toxic positivity (perceived TPI). This process yielded a total of 326 items. To reduce the number of items, the 326 items were grouped by theme and then scrutinized for redundancy and relevancy by four independent social media researchers. To increase face validity, items that were not relevant in the current context were removed. For instance, items that were not representative of an intention or motivation (i.e., “not everything on social media is true” and “not always realistic”) were removed. A total of 82 items were retained.

Administration of final 82 items

To provide results that can be generalized to most social media users, the 82 items were administered to two different age groups––a U.S.-based sample of Generation Z (ages 18–27) and Millennial (ages 28–42) social media users. These respondents were recruited from Prolific, an online research platform that ensures high data quality for behavioral research ( Peer et al., 2022 ). There was a total of 149 respondents. Of these respondents, 49% were female, 46.3% were male, and 4.7% identified as non-binary or other. On average, respondents were 29 years old (SD = 6.12). Regarding ethnicity, 80.5% were Caucasian, 7.4% African American, 2.0% American Indian or Alaska Native, 7.4% Asian, and 2.7% indicated an ethnicity that was not listed. Approximately 13% indicated they were of Hispanic/Latino/Spanish origin. Regarding education, 1.3% reported having less than a high school education, 14.8% graduated high school, 26.2% had some college, 5.4% earned a 2-year degree, 39.6% earned a 4-year degree, and 12.7% had a professional degree or master's degree or doctorate degree. Regarding income, 47.7% had an annual household income of less than $50k, 34.2% earned between $50k and $100k, 14.1% earned between $100k and $150k, and 4% earned more than $150k. Regarding social media usage, 3.4% reported using social media monthly, 10% reported using platforms weekly, 61.4% reported using daily, 18.7% reported using hourly, and 6.7% reported using all the time.

Descriptively, when looking at how often Generation Z and Millennial social media users perceive other users to be posting toxic positivity, 5.4% reported rarely, 24.2% reported sometimes, 8.1% reported about half the time, 27.5% reported often, 31.5% reported most of the time, and 3.4% reported always. Regarding how many people Generation Z and Millennial social media users perceive to be posting toxic positivity, 1.3% reported none of the people they follow to be posting toxic positivity, 6.7% reported not many people, 19.5% reported a few people, 15.4% reported half of the people, 24.2% reported many people, 30.2% reported most of the people, and 2.7% reported everyone.

Respondents were presented with: “Social media users post positive messages. At times, their messages are considered overly positive and lacking in any negative emotions or negative experiences. Thinking about your time on social media, please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with each item being a motivation for why people post overly positive posts that lack any negative emotions or negative experiences.” Respondents indicated their agreement or disagreement with each of the 82 items being a motivation behind sharing toxic positivity on a 7-point Likert-style scale ranging from strongly disagree (score = 1) to strongly agree (score = 7). The respondents were not asked to consider a specific social media platform when indicating their perceptions of posting toxic positivity. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 27.

RQ1 results

In such an early stage of research, discriminant validity can be confirmed through strategies such as an EFA ( Zait & Bertea, 2011 ). Principal component analysis with varimax rotation was performed. The EFA was evaluated using the following criteria: eigenvalue greater than 1.0 ( Kaiser, 1974 ), loading score for each factor was greater than or equal to 0.60 ( Pituch & Stevens, 2015 ) with cross-loadings less than 0.40, and the factor having at least three items. A total of 44 items were eliminated after the first round of the EFA when the criteria were not met. After eliminating these items, a subsequent EFA eliminated four more items for failing to load above 0.60, resulting in a perceived TPI five-factor structure consisting of 34 items. A screen plot further confirmed the five-factor structure as it clearly showed a substantial drop after the fifth factor. See Appendix Table A1 and Appendix Figure A1 .

Five-factor label development

In response to RQ1, respondents perceive there to be five different intentions behind sharing toxic positivity on social media. As discussed below, each intention was labeled and defined based on the items included in the EFA and its conceptual overlap with those identified from prior literature.

Inauthentic self-promotion intentions

Self-presentations are authentic when people present themselves in an honest way that is consistent with who they are offline ( Yang & Bradford Brown, 2016 ; Yang et al., 2017 ). In contrast, self-presentations are inauthentic when people present a different version of themselves or their current situation, such as hiding the bad parts of themselves or their life. Thus, with perceived intentions such as, “to hide their real self” and “to hide problems,” this dimension relates to perceptions of sharing an inauthentic self-promotion and is defined as the intent to present an inauthentic persona online.

Malicious self-promotion intentions

A primary intention behind posting malicious comments online is to hurt others ( Lee & Kim, 2015 ), which is in line with the findings in this study as users perceive others to share toxic positivity to “make others jealous” and “to make others feel less fortunate.” This dimension relates to sharing a malicious self-promotion and is defined as the intent to post content about oneself to make others experience negative feelings.

Personal self-promotion intentions

Social media is used to present a version of oneself that appears more interesting, popular, and attractive ( Yau & Reich, 2019 ). As such, previous research indicates one motivation for sharing personal information is to be better known ( Ghaisani et al., 2017 ), and similarly, respondents in the current study perceived intentions behind toxic positivity to include motivations such as “to gain attention” and “to make others think they are cool.” This dimension relates to personal promotion and is defined as the intent to make others think positive thoughts about themselves.

Commercial self-promotion intentions

Many people use social media for commercial or financial gain, and social media users perceive this, such as believing others post to gain more likes ( Kondakciu et al., 2021 ). In line with these motivations, individuals in this study perceived intentions behind toxic positivity to include motivations of “earning money” and “gaining social media followers.” Thus, this dimension relates to commercial use and is defined as the intent to maintain a commercially viable persona online.

Positivity promotion intentions

Altruism is a common motivation found for sharing information with others online ( Ghaisani et al., 2017 ), where users do not expect a reward in return. Instead, individuals share information (i.e. reviews) online to help others. In line with this motivation, individuals in the current study perceived intentions behind toxic positivity to include motivations such as “to share information,” “to share ideas,” “to show possibilities to others,” among others. Therefore, this dimension of perceived TPI relates to an altruistic motivation and is defined as the intent to service others in a positive way.

Five-factor EFA solution

The five-factor solution with 34 items accounted for a total variance of 65.28%. Cronbach’s alpha values ranged from 0.85 to 0.91, showing good reliability ( Nunnally & Bernstein, 1994 ). The first dimension, inauthentic self-promotion intention, explained 26.97% of the variance; the second dimension, positivity promotion intention, explained 17.98% of the variance; the third dimension, personal self-promotion intention, explained 9.99% of the variance; the fourth dimension, malicious self-promotion intention, explained 5.39% of the variance; and the fifth dimension, commercial self-promotion intention, explained 4.95% of the variance.

These data capture perceptions of the intentions behind sharing toxic positivity. Results offer an understanding of the specific intentions users believe others have when leveraging positivity as a self-enhancement strategy, including inauthentic self-promotion, malicious self-promotion, personal self-promotion, commercial self-promotion, and positivity promotion. In doing so, this work extends the growing literature on self-presentation.

Data indicate that Generation Z and Millennial social media users encounter toxic positivity while browsing platforms and perceive 65.1% of others to be sharing toxic positivity at least “often” when posting. It is important to note that none of the respondents in these data indicated that people they follow “never” use toxic positivity. In addition, supporting the notion that social media users are positively biased ( Prins & Wellman, 2023 ; Saha et al., 2021 ), these results provide further evidence that social media users perceive others to be posting toxic positivity, contributing to the foundational understanding of the newly positioned self-presentation strategy.

As stated, data suggest people perceive five unique intentions behind sharing toxic positivity. These dimensions represent both positive and negative perceptions of TPI, which align with research indicating that people have mixed perceptions of self-enhancement strategies ( Hong et al., 2020 ; Lafrenière et al., 2016 ). In addition, the perceived TPI intentions found in this study align with research suggesting the motivations behind self-presentations often fall under altruistic and egoistic intentions ( Ghaisani et al., 2017 ). Since this research indicates that perceptions of TPI are not all perceived the same, or even to be negative, it is possible to have varying effects across each dimension. With such different perceptions of TPIs on social media and potential psychological effects, it is important to investigate the role each dimension plays in the effects of social media engagement, including important areas such as upward social comparisons and digital identity presentation.

Exposure to manicured self-presentations is associated with greater social comparisons and greater malicious envy ( Brooks et al., 2019 ; Chae, 2018 ) as well as malicious and inauthentic online behaviors, such as manipulating future posts ( Rousseau, 2021 ) and deleting past posts that are considered unfavorable ( Mun & Kim, 2021 ). Within a society where positivity is spread across social media ( Saha et al., 2021 ; Vogel & Rose, 2016 ; Yau & Reich, 2019 ), which often includes inauthentic and false versions of self ( Michikyan et al., 2015 ; Mun & Kim, 2021 ), it is important to explore how perceived TPI across social media may impact the user’s psychological processes (upward social comparisons) and future self-presentation behaviors (false self-presentation). Thus, grounded in the descriptive norm literature, a follow-up study (Study 2) examines the role perceived TPI plays in false self-presentation behaviors on social media and the mediating role of upward social comparison. In doing so, Study 2 (1) adds further rigor to the scale development of perceived TPI (Study 1) through predictive validity, (2) adds to the previously defined, and growing, impression management and digital identity literature surrounding toxic positivity as a self-presentation strategy, and (3) demonstrates how upward social comparison effects are more nuanced when examined as a mediator. A conceptual model of Study 2 can be found in Appendix Figure B1 .

Perceptions of TPI

Communication research has long recognized the power of individual difference, and from this perspective, individuals perceive and process messages differently which results in different effects from media consumption ( Chae, 2018 ; de Vries et al., 2018 ; Lim & Yang, 2015 ; Meier et al., 2020 ; Park & Baek, 2018 ; Vogel et al., 2015 ). Research suggests there are differences in comparison processes as some people engage in comparisons while others do not ( Tandoc et al., 2015 ). Indeed, some individuals have a higher tendency to make comparisons toward others and thus may experience greater effects as social media is used more often ( Vogel et al., 2015 ). In addition, there are individual differences found in the emotions experienced from comparisons, where some individuals experience benign envy ( Chae, 2018 ; Lim & Yang, 2015 ; Meier et al., 2020 ), malicious envy ( Meier et al., 2020 ), sympathy ( Meier et al., 2020 ), shame ( Lim & Yang, 2015 ), inspiration ( Meier et al., 2020 ), and depression ( Meier et al., 2020 ).

Given such individual differences and varying emotional responses in social comparison processes on social media, it is important to investigate how different perceptions of positive self-presentations on social media influence social comparisons and self-presentation behaviors. As such, the individual differences outlined in perceived TPI (Study 1) may offer a nuanced understanding of how different perceptions of positive posting influence processes of social comparison and subsequent online behaviors. Based on individual differences in perceptions, it is expected that each dimension of perceived TPI will influence social comparison and ultimately impact the impression management processes differently.

Upward social comparison

Social comparison theory ( Festinger, 1954 ) posits that individuals have an internal drive to make comparisons to others. Social comparison research explores comparisons made across different contexts, especially comparisons made on social media ( Chae, 2018 ; Fox & Vendemia, 2016 ; Lim & Yang, 2015 ; Meier et al., 2020 ; Midgley et al., 2021 ; Park & Baek, 2018 ; Pedalino & Camerini, 2022 ; Rousseau, 2021 ). Midgley and colleagues (2021) suggest upward social comparisons are made more often on social media compared to downward and lateral comparisons, which is also noted by the respondents in Chua and Chang’s (2016) study who say social media makes comparisons unavoidable by providing opportunities for users to share a positive self-image ( Saha et al., 2021 ; Yau & Reich, 2019 ). Indeed, positive social media posts provoke upward social comparisons when users see a highlight reel of other people’s best life, especially when the post is from an acquaintance that is barely known ( Chae, 2018 ; Pedalino & Camerini, 2022 ; Vogel et al., 2015 ). These types of posts influence perceptions that others are doing better in life.

When browsing selective or well-crafted posts, especially that of toxic positivity ( Prins & Wellman, 2023 ), social media users gain a distorted impression of the person that is posting, subsequently invoking a comparison with themselves to that distorted perception, and potentially altering how real or false they present themselves ( Chua & Chang, 2016 ; Rousseau, 2021 ). Indeed, comparisons made toward an ideal image of others are associated with self-enhancement strategies, such as manipulating and posting images of oneself on social media ( Chua & Chang, 2016 ; Rousseau, 2021 ), especially to gain the attention of others ( Chua & Chang, 2016 ). Thus, with the phenomenon of toxic positivity utilized as a social media self-presentation strategy, and positive posts being shared constantly through a never-ending stream of information updates, it is important to understand the relationship between social comparisons, perceptions of TPIs, and processes of self-presentation, such as manipulating photos ( Chua & Chang, 2016 ; Rousseau, 2021 ) and deleting unfavorable posts ( Mun & Kim, 2021 ).

False self-presentation

False self-presentations on social media refer to sharing information about oneself in a manner that is inconsistent with their true self ( Gil-Or et al., 2015 ). False self-presentations are often motivated by exploration (experimenting with different identities), deception (sharing information that is not completely true), and impressing others (conforming to expectations for a favorable impressions) ( Chua & Chang, 2016 ; Michikyan et al., 2015 ). This can be seen through users who falsify themselves ( Mun & Kim, 2021 ), are selective when sharing photos ( Lo & McKercher, 2015 ), edit photos to perfect their face or body before posting ( Chua & Chang, 2016 ; Rousseau, 2021 ), or avoid negativity when posting online ( Prins & Wellman, 2023 ).

Influential factors for portraying a false self-presentation include comparisons toward the ideal images ( Rousseau, 2021 ), a desire to impress ( Michikyan et al., 2015 ; Mun & Kim, 2021 ), and perceived misinformation ( Markowitz & Hancock, 2018 ). Thus, with the prominence of toxic positivity ( Prins & Wellman, 2023 ; Vogel & Rose, 2016 ) and comparisons being unavoidable on social media ( Chua & Chang, 2016 ), it is important to explore the mechanisms by which perceived TPI influences future false self-presentation behaviors, such as through upward social comparison processes ( Rousseau, 2021 ).

Mediating effect of upward social comparison

Self-presentation norms indicate individuals present the same image as they are perceiving from others in social interactions ( Leary, 2019 ). For instance, self-presentation positivity norms indicate that individuals present themselves just as positively as others in the interaction ( Leary, 2019 ). Research on deception supports this norm indicating that perceptions of lying are associated with future lying behavior ( Markowitz & Hancock, 2018 ). This means, if social media users perceive others to be lying or deceptive in their online social interactions, users will also present false information. Regarding perceptions of toxic positivity, research suggests users respond to toxicity online by being toxic themselves, believing it is an effective strategy against toxic positivity ( Patel et al., 2021 ). Building understanding around the process by which this reciprocal relationship occurs, the current research positions upward comparison as an explanatory process by which perceived TPI impacts false self-presentation behavior.

This reciprocal relationship through upward social comparison can be conceptualized within the bandwagon effect and descriptive norms literature. Leveraged to understand the diffusion of various behaviors, the bandwagon effect describes a process where people adopt behaviors simply because others are doing it. More specifically, it represents a psychological process where a behavior increases among a group simply because it is perceived that a large proportion of “others” are engaging in the behavior. Thus, the bandwagon effect increases when a person feels as though they are lacking by comparison and desires to fit in or be included with a particular group. Here, when individuals believe to be lacking by comparison, they adopt behaviors that are perceived to be done by most people, such as perceiving others to use toxic positivity as a social media self-presentation strategy and joining in on this behavior by altering one’s own online image to fit in with the group. Research supports this notion that individuals will manage a false self-presentation on social media to conform to the behaviors of others ( Chua & Chang, 2016 ). That is, research suggests social comparison tendencies can drive the behavior to craft an enhanced image of oneself on social media.

This process is consistent with the descriptive norm literature that suggests what others are perceived to be doing is a driving force to behavior. Importantly, research ( Bergquist & Nilsson, 2019 ) also suggests that behaviors people are not perceived to be engaging in will likely be avoided. Simply put, behavioral adoption is motivated by the desire to “conform” or “be like” others ( Cialdini, 2005 ) that appear different from oneself. But, for an individual to appear different than oneself, there exists a process of comparison to realize the discrepancies between oneself and others (i.e. self-evaluation), as noted by social comparison theory ( Festinger, 1954 ), and as outlined previously ( Chua & Chang, 2016 ). This points toward the instrumental role social comparison plays in the relationship between perceived TPI and false social media self-presentations. Applying these perspectives, this study suggests that to appear like others, or be accepted, users are more likely to present a false self when they perceive other people to be posting toxic positivity, or when perceived TPI is greater.

H1(a-d): Upward social comparison increased by perceptions of TPI perceived as inauthentic self-promotion intentions (H1a), malicious self-promotion intentions (H1b), personal self-promotion intentions (H1c), and commercial self-promotion intentions (H1d) will be associated with greater false self-presentation on social media.

RQ1: Will TPI perceived as positivity promotion decrease upward social comparison and be associated with less false self-presentation on social media?

Study 2 used an online survey developed using Qualtrics and administered to an online panel managed through Prolific. The sample is U.S.-based and contained 200 respondents unique from Study 1. Of these respondents, 52% were female, 45% were male, and 3% identified as non-binary or other. On average, respondents were 29 years old (SD = 6.12). Sixty-two percent were Caucasian, 7% Hispanic/Latino/Spanish, 13% were African American, 1% American Indian or Alaska Native, 12% Asian, and 5% indicated an ethnicity not listed. Thirteen percent of respondents graduated high school, 33% had some college education, 10% earned a two-year degree, 32% earned a 4-year degree, and 12% had a professional degree or master's degree or doctorate degree. Forty-four percent had an annual household income of $50k or less, 41% earned between $50k and $100k, 9% earned between $100k and $150k, and 6% earned more than $150k. Regarding social media use, 5.1% reported using social media monthly, 10.7% reported using platforms weekly, 58.2% reported using daily, 21% reported using hourly, and 5.1% reported using all the time.

Measurement

Perceived TPI was measured using the multidimensional scale items from Study 1 (see Appendix Table A1 ). Respondents were asked to think about their general social media use in the past week and to indicate the extent to which they agree or disagree that people share overly positive posts on social media for each of the following reasons. The 34 items measuring perceived TPI were presented, and respondents indicated their level of agreement with each item ranging from strongly disagree (score = 1) to strongly agree (score = 7). Each dimension established in Study 1 is operationalized independently in this study. The items were collapsed to each of the five dimensions and demonstrated good reliability ( α = .90; M  =   4.99; SD  =   0.20).

Inauthentic self-promotion intention was measured with 10 items ( α = .90, M  =   4.99, SD  =   0.09). Malicious self-promotion intention was measured with five items ( α = .90, M  =   4.45, SD  =   0.27). Personal self-promotion intention was measured with five items ( α = .85, M  =   5.54, SD  =   0.04). Commercial self-promotion intention was measured with five items ( α = .89, M  =   5.19, SD  =   0.11). Positivity promotion intention was measured with nine items ( α = .92, M  =   4.87, SD  =   0.10). A complete list of items for each dimension can be found in Appendix Table A1 .

Upward social comparison was measured using an 11-item Likert-style scale adapted from previous research ( Wu & Srite, 2021 ) ranging from strongly disagree (score = 1) to strongly agree (score = 7). Respondents indicated their level of agreement with items such as “The people I follow on social media have a better life than me” ( α = .92; M  =   4.76; SD  =   0.28).

False self-presentation was measured using a four-item Likert-style scale ( Michikyan et al., 2015 ) ranging from strongly disagree (score = 1) to strongly agree (score = 5). Respondents indicated their level of agreement with statements such as “I sometimes try to be someone other than my true self on social media” ( α = .82; M  =   2.50; SD  =   0.15).

Data analysis

Data were analyzed with SPSS version 27. To test the serial mediation models posited in Figure 5, a mediation analysis was conducted with Hayes’s (2018) PROCESS Macro Model 4, (95% confidence intervals, 5,000 bootstrap samples). See Appendix Figures C1–C5 for the conceptual models and results for H1a-d and RQ1.

Perceptions of inauthentic self-promotion (H1a)

The mediation analysis showed that perceptions of inauthentic self-promotion intentions on false self-presentation were mediated by upward social comparisons, F (2, 197) = 4.06, R 2 = .04, p = .02. Perceptions of inauthentic self-promotion intentions were associated with greater upward social comparisons ( β = .16, SE = .08, t  =   2.01, p = .04, 95% CI =0.00– 0.31), which was associated with a higher level of sharing false self-presentations ( β = .17 , SE = .07, t  =   2.30, p = .02, 95% CI =0.02–0.31). Since the direct effect of inauthentic self-promotion intentions on false self-presentations was not significant ( β = .11 , SE = .08, t  =   1.34, p = .18, 95% CI = −0.05,0.27), the upward social comparisons mediation H1(a) was supported by the data.

Perceptions of malicious self-promotion (H1b)

Perceptions of malicious self-promotion intentions on false self-presentation were mediated by upward social comparisons, F (2, 197) = 5.47, R 2 = .05, p = .01. Perceptions of malicious self-promotion intentions were associated with greater upward social comparisons ( β = .15 , SE = .06, t  =   2.66, p = .01, 95% CI = 0.04–0.26) and were associated with a greater level of sharing false self-presentations ( β = .15 , SE = .07, t  =   2.09, p = .04, 95% CI = 0.01–0.30). However, the significant relationship between perceived malicious self-presentation intentions and false self-presentation ( β = .13 , SE = .06, t  =   2.13, p = .03, 95% CI =0.01–0.25) indicates that upward social comparisons only partially mediated the effect of malicious self-promotion intentions on false self-presentations.

Perceptions of personal self-promotion (H1c)

Perceptions of personal self-promotion intentions on false self-presentation were mediated by upward social comparisons, F (2, 197) = 3.25, R 2 = .03, p = .04. Respondents with perceptions of personal self-promotion intentions were associated with greater upward social comparisons ( β = .23 , SE = .08, t  =   3.09, p = .002, 95% CI = 0.09–0.39) and associated with a higher level of sharing false self-presentations ( β = .17 , SE = .07, t  =   2.34, p = .02, 95% CI =0.03–0.32). Since the direct effect of personal self-promotion intentions on false self-presentations was not significant ( β = .04 , SE = .08, t = .49, p = .62, 95% CI = −0.12, 0.20), the upward social comparisons mediation H1(c) was supported by the data.

Perceptions of commercial self-promotion (H1d)

Perceptions of commercial self-promotion intentions on false self-presentation were mediated by upward social comparisons, F (2, 197) = 3.26, R 2 = .03, p = .04. Respondents with perceptions of commercial self-promotion intentions were associated with greater upward social comparisons ( β = .20 , SE = .07, t  =   3.14, p = .002, 95% CI =0.08–0.33) and associated with a higher level of sharing false self-presentations ( β = .17 , SE = .07, t  =   2.33, p = .02, 95% CI =0.03–0.32). Since the direct effect of commercial self-promotion intentions on false self-presentations was not significant ( β = .04 , SE = .07, t  =   0.50, p = .61, 95% CI = −0.10, 0.17), the upward social comparisons mediation H1(d) was supported by the data.

Perceptions of positivity promotion (RQ1)

Perceptions of positivity promotion intentions on false self-presentation were not mediated by upward social comparisons, F(2, 197) = 4.12, p =.02 (RQ1). Although not significant, respondents with perceptions of positivity promotion intentions were associated with less upward social comparisons ( β =−.09, SE = .07, t =−1.20, p = .23, 95% CI = −0.23, 0.06), but were still associated with sharing a high level of false self-presentations ( β = .19, SE = .07, t = 2.62, p = .01, 95% CI = 0.04–0.33). The direct association of positivity promotion intentions on false self-presentations was not significant ( β = .10 , SE = .07, t  =   1.39, p = .17, 95% CI = −0.04, 0.25).

To better understand and establish an academic application to the popular concept of toxic positivity, this study rooted toxic positivity in the impression management literature and argued the importance of individual perceptions. By employing a two-study design, the current research developed a measure estimating the perceived intentions for posting overly positive posts lacking in any negative emotions or negative experiences, referred to as perceived TPI (Study 1). Further, this research empirically investigated the impact of perceived TPI on false social media self-presentations through upward social comparisons (Study 2). As such, this research contributes to the currently small, but quickly advancing, literature on toxic positivity by explicating an academic measure that outlines the perceptions of social media users.

The current research found that individual differences in perceptions of TPI are associated with differences in upward social comparison processes. Here, negative perceptions of TPI, including perceived inauthentic self-promotion intentions, perceived malicious self-promotion intentions, perceived personal self-promotion intentions, and perceived commercial self-promotion intentions, are associated with greater upward social comparisons. In contrast, positive perceptions of TPI, including perceived positivity promotion intentions, are associated with less upward social comparison (although not significant). This is in line with research that indicates comparisons are made toward the ideal self-presentations of others while browsing social media ( Chae, 2018 ; Pedalino & Camerini, 2022 ), and with studies suggesting individual differences in message processing, such as for individuals with different comparison tendencies ( Park & Baek, 2018 ), different social media habits ( Tandoc et al., 2015 ), and different emotions ( Lim & Yang, 2015 ; Meier et al., 2020 ; Park & Baek, 2018 ). The current study offers a deeper understanding of comparison processes toward positive social media posts that may vary in perceptions. When intentions behind positive posting are perceived to be toxic, users are likely to experience greater upward social comparisons; in contrast, if intentions are perceived to be positive, users may experience less comparisons. This finding provides empirical evidence for upward social comparisons made from perceived TPI, especially social media posts that are perceived to have malicious intentions.

In addition, the current research offers empirical evidence for factors that influence the manipulation of social media self-presentations ( Michikyan et al., 2015 ; Mun & Kim, 2021 ; Rousseau, 2021 ). Specifically, data indicate that upward social comparisons influenced by TPI are associated with false self-presentation behaviors. This finding aligns with studies that indicate comparisons are associated with self-enhancement strategies ( Chua & Chang, 2016 ; Fox & Vendemia, 2016 ; Rousseau, 2021 ). However, the current study extends this research toward a more nuanced understanding of upward social comparisons by demonstrating the strength of upward social comparison as a mediator in the self-presentation process. Conforming to perceived social media norms, users are manipulating their online personas and making themselves seem more positive, or more popular, than they are to manipulate impressions, and to fit in with others. For instance, when users perceive manipulative intent, they in turn, compare the information to self and subsequently use deception and manipulation when presenting themselves online, too. This finding supports studies suggesting individuals reciprocate the self-presentation they receive from others ( Chua & Chang, 2016 ; Leary, 2019 ; Markowitz & Hancock, 2018 ; Patel et al., 2021 ).

Interestingly, this study also indicates a significant direct effect between perceived TPI of malicious self-promotion and false self-presentation behaviors, which emphasizes a positive association between perceptions of lying and actual lying ( Markowitz & Hancock, 2018 ), pointing to the strong deceptive behavioral effects of perceived malicious content. With both an indirect and a direct influence on sharing a false self, perhaps perceptions of malicious self-promotion intentions on social media go beyond deception. For instance, individuals who perceive malicious self-promotion TPI, and as a result share false information about themselves, may not only engage in upward social comparison, but may also be angered or offended ( Pangestu et al., 2022 ), leading to a direct behavioral response in retaliation. Future research should look to tease out perceptions of malicious self-promotion TPI and its influence on behaviors and should consider potential avenues that may alleviate such malicious perceptions.

Limitations and future research directions

Research looking to test individual models, such as this study, should look to increase statistical power by collecting a larger sample. That said, sample size reflects the power to detect difference, and thus, the findings should only increase with sample size. Regardless, a more robust sample would allow for potential subgroup analysis, and thus, discovery of potential age, gender, or ethnicity patterns. Similarly, the current sample produced ceiling effects across some of the measures, suggesting additional work is still needed in this area to better understand the range of perceptions users have toward social media content. This could direct future research to consider cohort effects within perceived TPI and subsequent effects. Additionally, this research only looked at false self-presentation as a modeled outcome, and real and ideal self-presentation should also be considered in future research. Finally, this study positioned the toxic positivity phenomenon across various social media platforms, without keeping a specific platform in mind. As such, the current study does not speak to perceived TPI on specific social media platforms.

Future research should not only consider changes to better address these limitations, but also consider the positive and negative impacts of perceived TPI from social media consumption. Substantial literature has connected social media use to diminished psychological well-being ( Chae, 2018 ; Park & Baek, 2018 ) such as depression and decreased life satisfaction. Future research should further investigate the connection between perceived TPI and psychological well-being, through upward social comparison. In addition, future research could look to further examine the false self-presentation construct to include intent. That is, while the current research indicates that self-presentation is intentional, and the items indicate a conscious decision to present a false or altered self, future research could expand these insights to better understand why or with what malice people present the information falsely. Finally, future research should explore a more specific understanding of the effects that perceived TPI may have on specific platforms, especially as platforms are used for different purposes.

The data are available on the Open Science Framework ( https://osf.io/epc2s/ ).

Conflicts of interest : The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

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Appendix A: Study 1 EFA and Perceived TPI Measurement Items

EFA five-factor structure

Eigenvalue five-factor structure.

Appendix B: Conceptual Model for Study 2

Conceptual model.

Appendix C: Conceptual Models and Results for Study 2 H1a–d and RQ1

Perceptions of inauthentic self-promotion on false self-presentation (H1a).

Perceptions of malicious self-promotion on false self-presentation (H1b).

Perceptions of personal self-promotion on false self-presentation (H1c).

Perceptions of commercial self-promotion on false self-presentation (H1d).

Perceptions of positivity promotion on false self-presentation (RQ1).

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What’s next: Microsoft Build continues the evolution and expansion of AI tools for developers

May 21, 2024 | Frank X. Shaw - Chief Communications Officer, Microsoft

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Groundbreaking advances in AI are having a profound impact on Microsoft and on the developers using our technology to improve efficiency, enhance customer experiences and make new breakthroughs.

Over the past year, we’ve built Microsoft Copilot and released more than 150 updates to it, and we’ve developed the Copilot stack, which takes everything we’ve learned so far and lets developers build their own copilots.

In addition, over the past two years, GitHub Copilot has become the most widely adopted AI developer tool, with 1.8 million paid subscribers.

And just a day ago, we introduced a new category of Copilot+ PCs, the fastest, most AI-ready PCs ever built.

We are the industry leader in AI, and that’s why, as we begin our flagship event for developers, Microsoft Build, there’s one question on everyone’s mind: What’s next?

On Monday, we introduced the world to a new class of Windows PCs , Copilot+ PCs. These devices are designed to allow developers to deliver differentiated AI experiences on the edge, and, together with the great features that we are announcing at Build , make Windows the most open platform for AI and the best place for developers.

At Build, we also are announcing further branches of this technology revolution, including:

• How Microsoft Fabric is helping developers and customers leverage data in motion, or digital information being transported within or between computer systems, to build intelligent apps.
• New frontier models that allow developers to explore multimodal capabilities supporting text, images, video and other types of data in their AI applications, evolving beyond text prompts and completions.
• Partnerships that show how AI can impact the future of myriad industries, including education.
• And how an open and flexible cloud-based platform, built on a foundation of safe and responsible AI, can help developers innovate.

Microsoft Build is always an exciting time for us. About 200,000 people have registered to join us for three days of technical learning and community connection, with 4,000 attending in person in Seattle. Attendees can choose from more than 300 sessions, demos and expert and instructor-led labs from Microsoft and our partners. For those not able to attend the live event, most content will be available on demand. In total, we are announcing about 60 new products and solutions at the event.

With that introduction to Build in mind, let’s explore some of the news and announcements.

In-the-moment decision making with Real-Time Intelligence

For the most efficient AI apps, businesses need to be able to qualify, analyze and organize data at ingestion. This has proven to be a difficult step. The new Real-Time Intelligence within Microsoft Fabric provides an end-to-end Software as a Service (SaaS) solution that empowers customers to act on high-volume, time-sensitive and highly granular data to make faster and more informed business decisions.

Real-Time Intelligence , now in preview , can be helpful for analysts with simple low/no-code experiences, and it also can benefit pro developers with code-rich user interfaces. For example, racing team Dener Motorsport has been using Microsoft Fabric to support real-time analytics, storage and reporting, enabling them to sustain optimal performance and maintain the cars in good repair, which can keep drivers safer. Dener plans to use Real-Time Intelligence as part of their winning strategy to gain insights at ingestion during races.

Building apps requires a level of flexibility, customization and efficiency to make it feasible for developers. The new Microsoft Fabric Workload Development Kit makes this possible by enabling independent software vendors (ISVs) and developers to extend applications within Fabric, creating a unified user experience.

GitHub Copilot experience leans into extensibility

GitHub is introducing the first set of  GitHub Copilot extensions , developed by Microsoft and third-party partners, in private preview. These additions allow developers and organizations to customize their GitHub Copilot experience with their preferred services like Azure, Docker, Sentry and more directly within GitHub Copilot Chat.

GitHub Copilot for Azure, one of the extensions from Microsoft, showcases how building in natural language with a broader range of capabilities can propel development velocity. Using the extension through Copilot Chat, developers can explore and manage Azure resources, while also troubleshooting issues and locating relevant logs and code.

New frontier models and multimodal capabilities in Azure AI

GPT-4o, OpenAI’s newest flagship model, is now available in Azure AI Studio and as an API. This groundbreaking multimodal model integrates text, image and audio processing to set a new standard for generative and conversational AI experiences.

We also announced that Phi-3-vision , a new multimodal model in the Phi-3 family of AI small language models (SLMs) developed by Microsoft, is now available in Azure. Phi-3 models are powerful, cost-effective and optimized for personal devices. Phi-3-vision offers the ability to input images and text and receive text responses. For example, users can ask questions about a chart or ask an open-ended question about specific images.

Developers can experiment with these state-of-the-art frontier models in the Azure AI Playground, and they can start building with and customizing with the models in Azure AI Studio.

Microsoft, Khan Academy using AI to empower educators

Microsoft and Khan Academy are announcing a multi-faceted partnership to turn the transformative potential of AI into reality.

To start, Microsoft is enabling Khan Academy to offer all K-12 U.S. educators free access to Khanmigo for Teachers, an AI-powered teaching assistant that frees up teachers’ time so they can focus on what matters most – engaging with and supporting their students. Microsoft is donating access to Azure AI-optimized infrastructure to increase the availability of Khanmigo for Teachers, which will now be powered by Azure OpenAI Service.

Khan Academy is collaborating with Microsoft to explore opportunities to improve math tutoring in an affordable, scalable and adaptable manner with a new version of Phi-3, a family of SLMs developed by Microsoft. They also plan to bring more Khan Academy content into Copilot and Teams for Education, expanding resources for learners.

New partnership with Cognition AI

Microsoft and  Cognition   will bring Cognition’s autonomous AI software agent, Devin, to customers to help them with complex tasks such as code migration and modernization projects. As part of the agreement, Devin will be powered by Azure. Cognition AI is an applied AI lab building end-to-end software agents to help developers achieve more.

Powerful new virtual machines help fuel AI adoption

Microsoft has a unique systems approach to AI infrastructure, which includes hardware and software from Microsoft and our partners, all optimized to run AI workloads at scale and fine-tuned for customer needs. We are the first cloud provider to bring AMD’s leading MI300X AI accelerator chip to power customers’ AI training and inferencing needs, with the general availability of the Azure ND MI300X v5 virtual machine series optimized for demanding AI and high-performance computing (HPC) workloads like Azure OpenAI Service.

Following the launch of Azure Cobalt 100, Microsoft’s first custom-designed compute processor, the company is announcing a preview of new Cobalt 100 Arm-based virtual machines (VMs), based on the company’s custom silicon series announced in November 2023. Cobalt 100 Arm-based VMs are the first generation of VMs to feature Microsoft’s new Cobalt processor, custom-built on an Arm architecture, and optimized for efficiency and performance when running general-purpose and cloud-native workloads. Customers can expect up to 40% improved performance compared to comparable Azure VMs.

The evolution of Copilot

Copilot has been a game-changer for many people since it was first released. Using modern AI and large language models (LLMs) like Open AI’s GPT-4, copilots across Microsoft products have assisted people with complex tasks, serving as a personal, behind-the-scenes AI assistant.

Now, we are introducing Team Copilot , the expansion of Copilot for Microsoft 365 from a behind-the-scenes, personal AI assistant to a new, valuable member of your team . You will be able to invoke Copilot where you collaborate – in Teams, Loop, Planner and more. Team Copilot can be a meeting facilitator in meetings, managing the agenda, tracking time and taking notes. It can act as a collaborator in chats by surfacing important information, tracking action items and addressing unresolved issues. It can serve as a project manager to help ensure every project runs smoothly and notify the team when their input is needed. These initial experiences, coming in preview later this year, will enable us to learn, iterate and refine as we enter a new phase of innovation where Copilot begins to take more action on behalf of individuals and teams.

Microsoft Copilot Studio is introducing new agent capabilities, empowering developers to build copilots that can proactively respond to data and events, tailored to specific tasks and functions. Copilots built with this new category of capabilities can now independently manage complex, long-running business processes by leveraging memory and knowledge for context, reason over actions and inputs, learn based on user feedback and ask for help when they encounter situations that they don’t know how to handle. Users can now put Copilot to work for them – from IT device procurement to customer concierge for sales and service.

Copilot extensions , including plugins and connectors, allow customers to enhance Microsoft Copilot by connecting it to new data sources and applications, expanding its functionality.

We’re excited about these announcements and all the other updates and features being unveiled at Build. For more information, today you can watch keynotes from Microsoft Chairman and CEO Satya Nadella, Executive Vice President of Experiences and Devices Rajesh Jha and Chief Technology Officer Kevin Scott.

On Wednesday, you can watch keynotes from Executive Vice President of Cloud and AI Scott Guthrie and friends. Additionally, you can explore all the news and announcements in the Book of News .

RELATED LINKS:

Watch Microsoft Build keynotes and view photos and videos

Khan Academy and Microsoft announce partnership, Copilot integration

Copilot Studio empowering next wave of copilot experiences

Azure ND MI300X V5 series now generally available

Extend and customize Microsoft Copilot with Copilot extensions

Tags: AI , Copilot+ PC , Microsoft Build , Microsoft Fabric , Phi-3 , Real-Time Intelligence , Team Copilot

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