essay on time management in the military

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The Importance of Being on Time in The Military

• Categories: Army Discipline

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Words: 977 |

Published: Feb 12, 2019

Words: 977 | Pages: 2 | 5 min read

• Being on time shows reliability.
• Being on time shows discipline.
• Being on time shows accountability.
• Being on time avoids disciplinary action.

Works Cited

• Army Regulation 600-20, Army Command Policy. (2016). Department of the Army. https://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/pdf/web/ARN17424_R600_20_Admin_FINAL.pdf
• Baldwin, J. (2018). Why Punctuality Matters in the Military. RallyPoint.
• Bell, C. M., Taylor, D. L., & Kozlowski, S. W. J. (2018). Enhancing Army Basic Combat Training: Identifying and Mitigating Attrition Risk Factors (No. RR-2244-A). RAND Corporation.
• Davenport, T. (2018). Being Late for Work: Reasons and Solutions. Chron.
• Duffy, C. J., & DiTommaso, E. (2018). Military Training and the Importance of Time Management. JOPERD: The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 89(9), 8-9.
• Military.com. (2018). Military Time Conversion. https://www.military.com/join-armed-forces/military-time-conversion.html
• Seppala, E. (2017). The Importance of Punctuality. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/feeling-it/201706/the-importance-punctuality
• United States Army. (2020). Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks Warrior Skills Level 1. Department of the Army.
• United States Army Europe. (2019). Soldier’s Guide to Professional Ethics. Department of the Army.
• U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command. (2019). The Army Leader Transitions Handbook. Department of the Army.

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Time Management

In the last newsletter I introduced the concept of learning styles and referenced time management - developing time management skills is a journey that will need practice and guidance along the way.

The goal is to help you become aware of how you use your time, and balance competing activities (family, work, and interests) with educating yourself. Try this exercise to gauge these issues on the Study Guides website at http://www.studygs.net/schedule/ . You also need to develop a schedule, but before you do you need to analyze how you use your time, and how you would like to use your time efficiently - here are a few suggestions, but go to the Time Management Guide for a complete list:

• Develop blocks of study time About 50 minutes? How long does it take for you to become restless? Some learners need more frequent breaks for a variety of reasons More difficult material may also require more frequent breaks
• Develop a "to do" list and prioritize assignments. When studying, get in the habit of beginning with the most difficult subject or task.
• Develop alternative study places free from distractions to maximize concentration.
• Got "dead time"? Think of using time walking, riding, etc. for studying "bits."

Try the University of Minnesota's Assignment Calculator. Additionally, try to develop criteria for adjusting your schedule to meet both your academic and non-academic needs.

The State of Minnesota's Mindquest Academy's also offers free courses, one of which is "Managing College Success" with sections on Managing Time, Goal Setting, Motivation, Procrastination, and Health and Wellness. See the website at http://www.mindquestacademy.org/ to register with an instructor. Next time we'll discuss stress management; that goes quite well with time management! Meanwhile, I hope this finds you well. 

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Time Management for Junior Leaders

May 12, 2023 by Special Guest

by MSG Dorothy Anderson, US Army

Time management is crucial for leaders, including effective task coordination for maximum productivity. Junior leaders must adopt strategies to optimize their time through proper planning, scheduling, and prioritizing to allow them to manage their responsibilities and team dynamics. Junior leaders have diverse roles and must balance their workload, learn new skills, and develop leadership abilities. The tasks may challenge time management as they navigate numerous responsibilities, affecting their productivity as they become overwhelmed and lose track of priorities. Considering their leadership roles, junior leaders should act as role models to their subordinates, which mandates effective time management practices to achieve their goals and ensure their team’s success.

The abbreviation DOTMLPF-P stands for the Department of Defense model Doctrine, Organization, Training, Materiel, Leadership and Education, Personnel, Facilities, and Policy. This model depicts the various “solutions” needed to build an operational capacity (United States Army War College [USAWC], 2022, p.1-1). Junior leaders can use more practical solutions to assist with time management concerns by incorporating technology, training, and leadership and education from the DOTMLPF-P framework providing feasible solutions to support better time management with junior leaders.

Time management is vital to organizational effectiveness and is associated with strategic planning, shaped by leaders’ behaviors. Leaders create goals, delegate roles, and guide their teams to accomplish their objectives. The leader’s role is, thus, connected with proper time management and how they inspire the same from their subordinates. Time management is “a form of decision-making individuals uses to structure, protect, and adapt their time to changing conditions” (Aeon & Aguinis, 2017, p. 311). Hence, a leader must adapt time per the organizational processes and structure individual tasks to accomplish their goals. Leaders’ ability to plan and prioritize should exemplify their competency and inspire similar time management abilities in their employees.

The significance of time management applies to the overall success of an organization. Being able to manage your time is a self-regulatory practice that shapes people’s well-being and productivity and has diverse interests as professionals gain to understand how companies and leaders can enhance employee time management (Aeon & Aguinis, 2017). Successful companies have excellent organizational cultures characterized by a good work-life balance where the human capital adequately fulfills their tasks (Aeon et al., 2021). Ineffective time management leads to stressful situations in which employees work long hours, resulting in unaccomplished duties, job dissatisfaction, and anxiety. The challenges demotivate leaders and reduce their job morale. Junior leaders face similar problems and challenges similar to senior leaders due to managing many people and diverse roles.

Effective time management defines organization systems, including planning and operations. However, junior leaders navigate many roles affecting their productivity because of limited time management capabilities. Statistics show that “88% of working people procrastinate daily,” and they are distracted by the internet, numerous tasks, and procrastination (Baruffati, 2023). Time management challenges need more self-regulation, leading to procrastination or multitasking. Besides distractions, organizations with inefficient systems and processes lead to inappropriate planning, contributing to time management issues. For instance, an outdated system without proper information flow systems or complicated procedures would require Soldiers to use more time completing a task, slowing their productivity and increasing their workload.

A high workload is a significant influence on effective time management. Junior leaders play many roles as they work for promotion incentives and to accomplish their responsibilities. Numerous tasks might affect how they prioritize tasks, making them overwhelmed and unable to manage their time effectively (Shouman et al., 2022). Proper planning and schedule organization allow leaders to prioritize their goals and time effectively. However, with proper knowledge and abilities, younger leaders may manage their time, which contributes to stress in the workplace by multitasking and distractions. These factors affect the junior leader’s productivity, who might feel inept caused by pressure from the workload and stress to be successful (Goldsby et al., 2020). Poor time management leads to a poor work-life balance, stressing the leader and their subordinates as they struggle with tasks. Developing solutions to support time management for junior leaders is vital to enhancing their leadership competency.

The solutions to effective time management for junior leaders will focus on a holistic approach, considering organizational and individual needs. The DOTMLPF-P is significant because it is a critical authoritative intellectual instrument in the Department of Defense’s attempts to increase efficiency and effectiveness (USAWC, 2022). This process provides a practical tool that examines all aspects to achieve the best solution. The solution for improving junior leaders’ time management will cover improving doctrine, training, material, leadership and education, facilities, and policy within the Army.

Many books discuss time management, focusing on the organization and senior management supporting effective leadership. The Army must write a doctrine that focuses on developing clear and consistent time management policies and procedures that direct organizational planning, scheduling, delegating, and implementing activities. Research shows that companies with effective policies supporting planning will guide the leader’s ability to set, plan, and monitor the activities, leading to successful operations (Aeon et al., 2021). Besides, it ensures proper scheduling and delegating, enhancing their work-life balance and job satisfaction (Shouman et al., 2022). The procedures will streamline operations, eliminate confusion, and reduce stressors. The cost of this solution includes implementing an Army doctrine and policy to capture time management guidelines. Nonetheless, it will positively affect the Soldiers’ increased job satisfaction and efficiency. After the doctrine is written, a training program will be put into place.

The new doctrine will allow for training the junior leaders and supplying resources to help enhance their time management skills. This training should be firsthand and conducted in a classroom environment. Leaders must remove Soldiers from the organization during the training time frame to make sure the Soldiers can entirely focus on learning these new skills. Time management training creates awareness of efficient planning and achieving a work-life balance (Aeon et al., 2021). Time management is a self-regulatory practice as leaders gain skills to change their attitude and behavior toward time management. Training can go over how to delegate tasks; this helps free up their time and allows team members to develop their skills and take on more responsibilities. The costs involved include training expenditures and time allocated for training. The strategy is a sustainable time management approach, as senior leaders’ mentorship is applicable. Training must review recommended materials for junior leaders to incorporate into day-to-day activities.

The material element includes providing tools and technology, such as project management software, to support effective time management. The United States Army identifies that the material component is equipment crucial in conducting a mission (Kamara, 2023). Therefore, the Army must provide resources to complete the duties that Soldiers are tasked to undertake while promoting time management. They include modern communication, planning, and tracking software, which will support leaders’ efforts in time management, such as planning or reducing procrastination. Once the tools and technology are available for Soldiers the next step is to implement a leadership and educational program. The leadership and education element entails educating junior leaders and improving their time management knowledge.

Leadership and Education

The solution under leadership and education is to encourage and model effective time management practices among senior leaders and promote ongoing education and training for all team members. The approach is sustainable as it trickles down to other personnel in the organization. Education on time management supports self-regulation and helps leaders identify practices to optimize their time for maximum productivity (Trentepohl et al., 2022). Education through modeling exemplifies experiential learning, meaning people learn from their seniors or colleagues. Teaching time management solutions will have minimal costs but huge benefits, considering the leaders and personnel learn from each other. Outsourcing educational programs will be costly, but they provide expert training for Soldiers, lowering the requirement for additional trainers pulling from career management fields, thus creating another tasking requirement. The facility element is resources or infrastructure supporting leadership and education recommendations.

The Army should offer junior leaders a conducive working environment that promotes effective time management. Practical strategies include a quiet and safe workplace, autonomy in their work, and proper communication systems. The learning environment should be free of micro-management and distraction, which is crucial for leaders’ concentration. The approach is feasible as it supports leaders’ self-regulation abilities, reduces workload, and helps them avoid procrastination. This approach will not add additional resources or infrastructure. For hands-on training, units can utilize conference rooms or bay areas already within the footprint. Utilizing the different facilities must be written in an Army-mandated policy.

The policy aspect includes assessing regulations or structures that limit junior leaders’ ability to manage time effectively. In line with this situation, the Army must establish policies supporting effective time management practices, such as email and meeting management guidelines. For example, no meetings after 1700 or from 1200 to 1300. Also, policy should mandate the end of the day for all Soldiers to afford the downtime and time with family; this will aid junior leaders in accomplishing their goals. The costs accrued from the new policy may include time and resources to develop and implement the policies. The Army will need to conduct a needs assessment to decide how best to implement the new policy and which will benefit junior leaders. Following the completion of the needs assessment, the Army may hire consultants to provide training on the new doctrine and policy.

Junior leaders can use more practical solutions to address time management concerns by incorporating technology, training, leadership and education. Competent junior leaders have adequate time management skills, supporting their productivity, better decision-making, and overall job satisfaction. However, these leaders navigate many tasks affecting their ability to manage time effectively, resulting in stress, poor work-life balance, and lack of motivation. The DOTMLPF-P framework incorporates practical solutions that support junior leaders and address all areas of responsibility and team dynamics.

The components of the DOTMLPF-P framework develop a range of feasible solutions, from establishing clear and consistent time management policies and procedures to providing tools and technology to support effective time management. Although the proposed strategies have implementing costs, they are viable and offer myriad benefits to organizations and junior leaders. Hence, the framework is comprehensive and efficient for improving time management skills and increasing junior leaders’ productivity and job satisfaction.

Aeon, B., & Aguinis, H. (2017). It’s about time: New perspectives and insights on time management. Academy of Management Perspectives , 31(4). https://doi . org/10.5465/amp.2016.0166        

Aeon, B., Faber, A., & Panaccio, A. (2021). Does time management work? A meta-analysis. PLoS ONE , 16 (1). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245066  

Baruffati, A. (2023, March 20). Time management statistics 2023: Facts & trends. GITNUX . https://blog.gitnux.com/time-management-statistics/  

Goldsby, E., Goldsby, M., Neck, C. B., & Neck, C. P. (2020). Under pressure: Time management, self-leadership, and the nurse manager. Administrative Sciences , 10 (3). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci10030038            

Kamara, H. (2023, February 24). Tenets of Army modernization . Association of the United States Army. http://www.ausa.org/publications/tenets-army-modernization

Shouman, L., Vidal-Suñé, A., & Alarcón Alarcón, A. (2022). Impact of work-life balance on firm innovativeness: The different strategies used by male and female bosses. Administrative Sciences , 12 (3). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030115        

Trentepohl, S., Waldeyer, J., Fleischer, J., Roelle, J., Leutner, D., & Wirth, J. (2022). How did it get so late so soon? The effects of time management knowledge and practice on students’ time management skills and academic performance. Sustainability , 14 (9). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095097

U.S. Army War College. (2022). How the Army runs: A senior leader reference handbook 2021-2022. https://usawc-ssi-media.s3.us-east-1amazonnaws.com/pubs/2021-2022_HTAR.pdf             

_____________________________________

MSG Dorothy Anderson joined the Army in 2001 as a Human Resource Specialist. She has served in numerous duty positions throughout her career, most recently serving as the Brigade Senior HR Sergeant for the 500 th Military Intelligence Brigade at Schofield Barracks, HI. MSG Anderson holds her MBA in Healthcare Administration and bachelor’s in human resource management. She is currently a student of Class 73 at he U.S. Army Sergeants Major Academy.

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Time Management Tips for Military Students

NOVEMBER 8, 2021 – If you are a military student, one of the most important qualities is effective time management. If you learn this skill as a cadet, it will prove to be extremely beneficial in your future military life, where every hour matters. Read on to find out how to manage your time effectively.

Plan for Long-Term Goals But often military students don’t have a lot of time to complete their assignments, they often ask “ write my essay ” to save their precious time. The first tip you will find will be about planning for long-term goals rather than short-term ones. This will keep you more focused on your goals and give you a clear understanding of organizing and planning your life as a military student. The most effective way is to follow the SMART model. What does SMART stand for? It stands for goals that are;

S – Specific M – Measurable A – Achievable R – Realistic T – Time-bound

SMART Model:

• Be Specific: When you set up a goal, be specific about what you want to achieve. They should be written down in clear and concrete terms so that there are no ambiguities left.
• Set Measurable Goals: Make sure you understand how your success will be measured once the goal is achieved.
• Keep them Achievable: Stay away from unrealistic goals as they are sure to hamper your progress and instill a fear of failure in you. Tasks that are achievable have a greater chance of success.
• Realistic Goals: Understand that there may be different factors that may affect the achievement of your goals. Consider all such factors when you sit down to plan for long-term goals.
• Keep them Time-bound: Setting up deadlines for your achievable goals is useful when planning for long-term goals. It is important that you make yourself accountable for missing any deadlines to learn to manage your time well.

Set Your Tasks according to Priority Army time management is a crucial skill that you must be able to achieve as a cadet to ensure a successful military career. Prioritizing tasks is an important step towards achieving this goal. Create a list of tasks you need to complete within a specific time period. There are two ways you can prepare your list of priorities, one in order of the importance of the task at hand, and the other in order of the difficulty of the task:

• In Order of the Importance of Task – Create a list that has the most important task at the top of your priority list. You want to do this so that you can give more time to complete this task carefully. Lesser important tasks may take a secondary place in your list as your instructor tends to give more focus on the way the most important task is completed.
• In Order of the Difficulty of Task – If the tasks at hand are all equally important, then you must prioritize the easiest one first. This is because the easier the task, the less time it will consume to complete it, leaving you with ample time to finish the more difficult ones. Not only this, but you will also get the satisfaction of ticking off the completed tasks from your list in a shorter time period, giving you a feeling of success.

Stay Away from Distractions Distractions are the biggest obstacle in achieving effective time management goals for military students. They are the pitless holes that will devour your productive energy and keep you from achieving your goals. As a good time manager, you must be able to first identify these distractions and then be able to eliminate them effectively to ensure proper time management. The best way to do this is to create how your typical week is and within that week how your typical day goes by. By doing this, you will realize how much of your precious time is wasted in getting distracted and meaningless activities.

Of course, it is not possible to be active and productive all the time, but the evil distractions will keep you unproductive for a longer time than necessary. Once you identify such distracting activities as watching TV endlessly, surfing the internet aimlessly, and indulging in social media that lead you to procrastinate, it becomes easy for you to eliminate them from your life. Procrastinating is a great evil in the way of productivity as it tends to turn an easy task into a difficult one and a challenging task into near impossibility. So, make sure that you do what needs to be done today and do not put it for another day.

Being Productive is the Key to Success Once you have identified and worked on eliminating time distractors, the next task to achieve regarding time management for military students is to increase your productivity. You should be able to develop an anti-procrastination plan that will help you in finishing your daily tasks on time.

How can you do this? The most efficient way to achieve this is to create a To-do list with specific deadlines so that you are able to keep a check on your work progress. If you are dealing with big, challenging tasks, you can divide them into smaller, achievable activities so that every hour of your productive time is put to use.

Try Different Study Locations Another important time management tip involves moving your study location from time to time. This is important to keep yourself away from any distractions that may occur unexpectedly. A new location will also give you a fresh perspective on the work at hand, and you will be able to approach your task with a fresh mind.

Be Organized to Save Time Keep yourself organized. Being well-organized is a great boon for military students. Keep your documents filed up so that you don’t have to waste time looking for the relevant documents. Keep your study space clutter-free. Dirty, disorganized study space will repel you from the tasks at hand. Not only the place, but you also need to organize your life. Keep substantial time for your family and friends and some light entertainment. It is better to give yourself some organized break than end up procrastinating.

Conclusion These are some useful time management tips for military students who need to learn to organize themselves in order to have a successful military career in the future. Adopt these time-management guidelines and be on your way to success. Good Luck, cadets!

Importance of Time Management

This essay will emphasize the importance of time management in personal and professional life. It will offer strategies for effective time management, such as setting goals, prioritizing tasks, and avoiding procrastination. The piece will discuss the benefits of managing time efficiently, including increased productivity, reduced stress, and better work-life balance. PapersOwl offers a variety of free essay examples on the topic of Time Management.

How it works

Time Management will play a vital role in my academic career while pursuing my degree. There will be a few factors that I must consider in other to manage my time effectively and efficiently. Contrary to popular belief, no one can actual manage time. I will have to manage the events in my life in relation to time within a 24 hour period. How I plan on using my time will be based on things that I have already learned in conjunction with proper planning, self-control, and more importantly self-discipline.

Being in the military has taught me to engage in all the activities that will support my goals and agendas. I’ve learned that procrastination will always be a main factor for loose of time management and failure to properly focus. When I’m focusing on a task or activity, I do my best to eliminate anything that will or become a distraction to me. I have found that setting my priorities first and foremost, has set the tone for me to organize my time properly and it has improve my focus altogether. In the military things isn’t always set in stone. I have learned over the years to always stay flexible and adapt to the time constraints placed upon me. A piece of advice that I was given to me, was to never fall in love with a plan because it is always subjected to change. Therefore, when I plan and organize my time, I factor in “Newton’s Law” to allow myself time to adjust. Then I will re-focus at the task at hand.

Knowing what my overall goals are each day has helped me to set up my short-term and long-term goals. I have built a day to day planner and a three month calendar that I review each morning before I turn on my computer. I write down and prioritize all my competing tasks that I have to accomplish for that day. My list has become a working document because I update it constantly however; by doing this it has helped me prioritize my tasks wisely. After I have reviewed and captured everything on my list, I have a meeting of the minds with my key leaders before I plan for any new tasks. Once I cross-level with my key leaders, I start my strategic and deliberate planning. As well as developing my operational planning and tasking. Before I start any new task or assignment, I want to ensure that I finish and accomplish that task that I have already started. With that being said, if I do start a new task it has to apply or enhance the task that I’m conducting at that time. Prioritizing will be the most strategic tool that I will use the most.

Trying to balance work, home, and school will be a challenge. Therefore, my time will be limited and more importantly valuable! Trying to juggle time between all these facets will be stressful. With that being said, I have to be very productive, wise, disciplined, and conserve my energy. Bottom line, I have to utilize self-control by analyzing my events before I commit to anything. I want to “protect my time” as if it’s like my life savings. Knowing when to use it and where to use it will lessen the stress that I place upon myself. I am a self-motivator and I’m able to accomplish things that I set my mind to. Analyzing where my focus is most needed is where I will devote my time. However; developing a routine will help me determine a course of action. In addition, by developing a daily routine will help me plan properly and be more realistic when it comes to my time management. More importantly for me, it will also allow me to incorporate the availability for “me time” (i.e. exercising, gym). Things will run together at times and at some point everything is going to feel important. Scheduling my events by use of a calendar, checklist, note pad, or a computer will de-conflict unwanted interruptions. By learning to commit to the things that I need to do vise what I want to do, will eliminate complacency, clutter, and disorganization. Good scheduling and prioritization will protect my time and I will be more productive.

Finding a systematic way of managing my time will help me be more effective and help me know the distinction of what is important and what is not. Setting my daily goals into manageable chunks will improve my performance both mentally and physically. Keeping my atmosphere free of distractions at work and home will decrease my stress levels. Finding time for myself aside of work for relaxation to re-energize myself. Lastly, having the courage to say, “NO” will keep me from over committing myself and otherwise being overloaded.                       

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Time Management in the Army Essay Example

• Pages: 3 (705 words)
• Published: April 5, 2017
• Type: Case Study

Not being at Specialist Hoblitzell’s door at exactly 2000 hours was a mistake in which this essay ensued. Therefore, I must correct the error in such this not possibly happen again. Such to be a single moment late invokes another task, of which to each be decided by Specialist Hoblitzell himself. Mere seconds count in the completion of the task, knowing at his door, every hour on the hour. The slipping seconds may transform into slipping minutes from the window of criticizable “Sanctuary. Forward improvement is the key to everything, the key to unlocking better things in life. More time for relaxation, to be with family and handle and resolve any personal issues which may come forward. Timing is an important factor in everyday living, work, appointments, all things have a time, and a place to be,

a right place and time. Being at the right time and place is paramount in any work system be it civilian, military, government or of anything else. If one is not at the right place at the right time, nothing can be done smoothly, everything becomes more complex.

Any given task must have a timeframe, be it long or short, it must exist. Adhering to said timeframe to the greatest extent possible allows any given task to flow smoothly, and quickly. Despite the task given, to manage time effectively is to put forth positive progress. Such effort usually leads to reward, compliments and thanks. A deficient level of such effort would cause tasks to be more strenuous and take extended time and strain, separating one from their family for a longer period than necessary.

Being at th

appropriate place of duty at the correct time is a vital element of being a respectable soldier. Being at the right place at the right time is most important, reason being is to make certain orders are carried out and to ensure a steady flow. A soldier cannot exceed in the United States army if he or she is constantly late and at the wrong place. A soldier who truly wants to succeed in the military must go out of his or her way to get squared away on his or her place of duty.

A soldier must always be accountable in the army. Accountability is a must to keep an eye on a soldier’s current whereabouts. The definition of accountability comes from the state of being accountable; liability to be called on to render an account; the obligation to bear the consequences for failure to perform as expected; accountableness. A great reason for accountability is for one’s own safety. That is why one must have accountability formation. The main point of accountability formation is to ake sure all soldiers are there and that they are all accounted for. Accountability also shows reliability within a soldier. Proper time management is very important to personal and career related success. Time management is needed to get what you require out of life. Time management assists in making conscious choices, so that important tasks do not remain undone. Without proper time management such time is wasted. Wasted time cannot be retrieved after it is gone.

Not managing time correctly can cause problems with finances, relationships, and within a career. When time is wasted, life is wasted. There can

be many severe consequences when tasks are not completed on time. Such consequences could consist of job loss, debt, or a failed relationship. When using time management skills one can become more productive and complete more in a shorter amount of time. With practice it can also assist in balancing everyday tasks, making life easier to manage. Prioritizing tasks can assist in proper time management.

A list of the tasks that need to be completed within a certain timeframe can assist with the proper completion of said tasks. Proper use of these tools can also reduce stress, allowing tasks to be completed easier. A high stress level can cause tasks to be more strenuous than necessary. Having proper time management also assist in gaining trust and respect at work. Without these tools tasks become overloaded and harder to complete. Avoiding procrastination can also assist in completing tasks in a certain timeframe. ....... to be continued.

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Disaster and Emergency Management: The Use of Military During Disaster Response Term Paper

One of the most peculiar characteristics of today’s living is the fact that, as time goes on; there appears to be more and more incidents of American military being called upon to assist people, affected by natural/man-made disasters in U.S. and abroad.

The validity of this suggestion can be well illustrated in regards to the crucial role that military personnel played, while participating in search-and-rescue operations in the aftermath of hurricanes Katrina and Rita, and in regards to how American soldiers went about helping civilians in world’s regions that used to be affected by civil war, such as Somalia, Rwanda, Bosnia and Kosovo.

And, as practice indicates, the foremost characteristic of U.S. military’s involvement in humanitarian disasters’ management has always been the utter efficiency in how it addressed its tasks, in this respect. For example, as it appears from Haulman’s (2007) article, FEMA’s cooperation with U.S.

Air Force, while rescuing the survived victims of hurricane Katrina, had proven quite indispensible: “Between August 31 and September 10, USAF helicopter crews rescued 4,322 people… “(p. 43). At the same time, however, the very fact that U.S. military appears to play ever-increasing role in natural/man-made disasters’ mitigation, raises certain concerns – after all, the primary function of just about any country’s army has always been bringing death and destruction upon the enemy.

And, it is needless to mention, of course, that such function is being quite inconsistent with conceptual essence of humanitarian missions, associated with providing disaster-affected people with much needed relief. In this paper, we will aim to reach the following objectives: to show that U.S. military’s continuous involvement in managing humanitarian crises has been dialectically predetermined and to outline what can be considered pros and cons of such an involvement.

As we are being well aware of, the policy of multiculturalism has been institutionalized in America for close to forty years now. However, despite the official assumption that this policy is being utterly beneficial to society’s well-being, as it helps to diversify it, there are a number of negative aspects to the process of American society continuing to grow increasingly diversified.

The most important of them is the fact that the multiculturalization of American society does in fact result in undermining its inner integrity to a considerable extent. This is exactly the reason why, as of today, the occurrence of natural disasters on American soil does not only result in citizens’ lives and property being destroyed, but very often in inducing the continuous state of social chaos in the affected areas.

According to Nel and Righarts (2008): “In multicultural societies, natural disasters significantly increase the risk of violent civil conflict both in the short and medium term” (p. 159). The soundness of this idea has been illustrated in the aftermath of 2005 hurricane Katrina in New Orleans, when thousands and thousands of Black and Hispanic survivors became solely preoccupied with looting – hence, contributing to the graveness of a situation rather considerably.

As it was pointed out by Garfield (2007): “In the immediate aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, rampant black criminality was reported in news accounts… the emergency response – framed largely within the context of ‘urban warfare’ – was aimed at restoring law-and-order to a city” (p. 58).

Therefore, it comes as not a particular surprise that, while being confronted with the reports of law and order in post-hurricane New Orleans having deteriorated to the point of non-existence, high-ranking governmental officials realized that FEMA alone would not be able to effectively address the situation.

Even as early as within the matter of few days, after Katrina, it became perfectly clear to these officials that, while dealing with hurricane’s consequences, they would have to be primarily focused on trying to prevent the escalation of a natural disaster into humanitarian/complex emergency , as defined by Albala-Bertrand (2000):

“The key feature of a long lasting complex emergency is the societal/institutional weakness that fails to accommodate entrenched and violent competing identity groups, while the key characteristic of a natural disaster is the physical weakness of structures and processes that fails to compensate for extreme natural event” (p. 216).

The logical way to tackle the issue, in this respect, was dispatching National Guards to the affected area, not only to indulge in search-and-rescue operations but also to ensure victims’ security.

In its turn, this highlights what can be considered the greatest advantage of utilizing military units in humanitarian missions, as compared to what it is being the case with NGOs under civilian authority: soldiers’ very presence in disaster-affected areas results in reestablishing law and order – the foremost precondition the ensures the effectiveness of these missions.

As it was noted by Kelly (1996): “Military police or combat units can establish or maintain security for disaster relief operations” (p. 24). This is exactly the reason why, due to the social effects of ‘celebration of diversity’ in America, sending military to assist the victims of natural disasters in this country had effectively ceased to be an option.

There is also a purely technical consideration, in favor of using military in humanitarian search-and-rescue operations, quite unrelated what has been said earlier – when it comes to helping the victims of natural/man-made disasters, army personnel enjoys a huge advantage in terms of logistics.

According to Joyce (2006): “What they (military personnel) do have are material and logistical resources, including helicopters and vehicles for delivery of supplies and transportation, tents, food, water, and supplies for accommodation of victims” (p. 67). Unlike what it is being often the case with relief agencies under civilian authority, military never experiences the shortage of technical means to ensure the effectiveness of conducted relief-related operations.

Moreover, as practice shows, military professionals often prove to be the only ones adequately qualified to conduct these operations under extreme weather conditions. According to Millie et al. (2000), it was due to the quick response, on the part of U.S. military, that many victims of F3 tornado, which struck southeastern Georgia in 1998, were able to save their lives: “Military airlift was utilized because civilian medical flights were initially grounded as a result of the storm itself” (p. 227).

Apparently, whatever often appear ‘impossible’ to civilian rescuers, military rescuers consider ‘difficult but doable’. There is one more important pro to utilizing military, when it comes to crisis management – the fact that, unlike what it often appears to be the case with the members of organizations under civilian authority, military personnel is being largely prone to corruption.

And, as practice indicates, the areas affected by natural or man-made disasters can often be referred to as corruption’s ‘breeding pools’. As it was pointed out by Shughart (2011): “The ‘windfall’ of money and other resources that pours into a disaster’s impact area, the chaotic atmosphere in which relief is distributed, and the public-relations imperative to be seen ‘doing something’ quickly to alleviate the suffering creates circumstances ripe for corruption and waste” (p. 521).

For example, as it was revealed by Medias, while trying to help the victims of hurricane Katrina, the civilian authorities in the affected area used to assign just about anyone who would present itself as a ‘ready-to-work nurse’ with brand-new SUVs, without even keeping a record of it. In military, however, those suspected of taking monetary advantage of suffering people, during the course of some emergency situations, are being dealt with by court-martials.

According to Marshall (2007): “The military has a well-developed protocol for disasters that clearly spells out the chain of command with disciplinary consequences for not following the plan” (p.1). This is why, sending military units to disaster-affected areas, to provide victims with relief, also proves extremely cost-effective.

Nevertheless, there are also some objections to the idea that relying upon military’s assistance, while dealing with natural/man-made disasters, represents a fully legitimate practice. One of these objections is being articulated by Kelly, in the article from which we have already quoted: “The use of force can place military units in direct conflict with local populations – the people they are supposedly there to help” (p. 24).

This appears to be especially the case in Third World countries, ravaged by never-ending tribal wars, where American soldiers are being often sent on humanitarian missions. In its turn, this result in strengthening anti-American sentiment worldwide – this can be hardly considered beneficial to America’s national security.

What is even worse is that, while participating in humanitarian rearch-and-rescue missions, the military units are being deprived of their combat-readiness, as the consequence. The reason for this is simple – there are only two states in which army can exist: waging war or preparing to wage war.

Outside of these states, the very existence of an army does not make any sense, whatsoever. This is the reason why even military defensive strategies are being deeply imbedded in the concept of preventive assault. As it was noted by Reitan (1994): “Organizing defensive violence by creating a military force designed for public defense… does lead inevitably to the practice of violence against combatants who are not in the immediate act of initiating or practicing an unjust assault” (p.120).

What it means that, once the operational functioning of a particular military unit in peacetime ceases to be concerned with preparing for war, it becomes only the matter of time before this unit ceases to represent a combat-value. For example, given the fact that Soviet soldiers used to be forced to indulge in a variety of agricultural activities, such as digging out potatoes, it comes as not a surprise that the casualty rate in frontline-stationed Soviet army’s units has always been one of world’s highest.

Therefore, there are good reasons to believe that if U.S. military continues to be utilized in humanitarian operations, concerned with helping the victims of natural/man-made disasters, this will result in the extent of its combat-effectiveness being significantly undermined.

As we have suggested in the Introduction, there are a number of objective preconditions for U.S. Army to be continuously involved in civilian crisis management in America and abroad. We believe that the provided line of argumentation, in defense of this suggestion, confirms the validity of paper’s initial thesis.

Apparently, there are indeed many reasons to expect U.S. military being affiliated with providing relief to the victims of natural/man-made disasters into the future. And, as we have pointed out earlier – there is a number of advantages and disadvantages to that. Therefore, it would only be logical to conclude that the policy-makers, in position to deploy military to participate in search-and-rescue efforts, must never lose a sight of an earlier outlined pros and cons.

Garfield, G. (2007). Hurricane Katrina: The making of unworthy disaster victims. Journal of African American Studies , 10 (4), 55-74.

Haulman, D. (2007). The U.S. Air Force response to hurricane Katrina. Air Power History , 54 (3), 40-47.

Joyce, N. (2006). Civilian-military coordination in the emergency response in Indonesia. Military Medicine , (171), 66-82.

Kelly, C. (1996). Limitations of military resources for foreign disaster assistance. Disaster Prevention and Management , 5 (1), 22-29.

Malbala-Bertrand, J. (2000). Responses to complex humanitarian emergencies and natural disasters: An analytical comparison. Third World Quarterly, 21(2), 215–227.

Marshall, M. (2007). The next disaster: Are you ready? Perspectives in Psychiatric Care , 43 (1), 1-2.

Millie, M. at el. (2000). Tornado disaster in rural Georgia: Triage response, injury patterns, lessons learned. American Surgeon , 66 (3), 223-228.

Nel, P. & Righarts, M. (2008). Natural disasters and the risk of violent civil conflict. International Studies Quarterly , 52(1), 159-185.

Reitan, E. (1994). The irreconcilability of pacifism and just war theory: A response to Sterba. Social Theory & Practice , 20(2), 117-134.

Shughart, W. (2011). Disaster relief as bad public policy. Independent Review , 15 (4), 519-539.

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IvyPanda. (2019, June 26). Disaster and Emergency Management: The Use of Military During Disaster Response. https://ivypanda.com/essays/disaster-and-emergency-management-the-use-of-military-during-disaster-response/

"Disaster and Emergency Management: The Use of Military During Disaster Response." IvyPanda , 26 June 2019, ivypanda.com/essays/disaster-and-emergency-management-the-use-of-military-during-disaster-response/.

IvyPanda . (2019) 'Disaster and Emergency Management: The Use of Military During Disaster Response'. 26 June.

IvyPanda . 2019. "Disaster and Emergency Management: The Use of Military During Disaster Response." June 26, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/disaster-and-emergency-management-the-use-of-military-during-disaster-response/.

1. IvyPanda . "Disaster and Emergency Management: The Use of Military During Disaster Response." June 26, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/disaster-and-emergency-management-the-use-of-military-during-disaster-response/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "Disaster and Emergency Management: The Use of Military During Disaster Response." June 26, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/disaster-and-emergency-management-the-use-of-military-during-disaster-response/.

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