and related terms
Video: Search by Themes (YouTube)
(2 min 40 sec) Recorded April 2014 Transcript
Most research articles will identify where more research is needed. To identify research trends, use the literature review matrix to track where further research is needed.
There is no consistent section in research articles where the authors identify where more research is needed. Pay attention to these sections:
Departments.
Walden University is a member of Adtalem Global Education, Inc. www.adtalem.com Walden University is certified to operate by SCHEV © 2024 Walden University LLC. All rights reserved.
Educational resources and simple solutions for your research journey
If you have ever wondered how to identify research gaps, well, you’re not alone. All researchers looking to make a solid contribution to their field need to start by identifying a topic or issue that hasn’t been tackled before and coming up with possible solutions for it. This is where learning what is a research gap, knowing about some research gap examples, and knowing how to identify research gaps becomes important. Through this article, we will try answering these questions for you.
Table of Contents
Research gaps are areas requiring more studies or research. 1 They can be:
Identifying and prioritizing research gaps is an essential part of any research for the following reasons. 2 This can help you:
Coming up with original, innovative ideas in your chosen area of research can be tricky, especially if you are an early career researcher, for the following reasons: 3,4
More than 7 million papers get published annually. 5 Considering the volume of existing research, identifying research gaps from existing literature may seem a daunting task. While there are no hard rules for identifying research gaps, the literature has provided some guidelines for identifying problems worth investigating.
1. Observe : Personal interests and experiences can provide insight into possible research problems. For example, a researcher interested in teaching may start with a simple observation of students’ classroom behavior and observe the link with learning theories. Developing the habit of reading literature using smart apps like R Discovery can keep you updated with the latest trends and developments in the field.
2. Search : Exploring existing literature will help to identify if the observed problem is documented. One approach is identifying the independent variables used to solve the researcher’s topic of interest (i.e., the dependent variable). Databases such as Emerald, ProQuest, EbscoHost, PubMed, and ScienceDirect can help potential researchers explore existing research gaps. The following steps can help with optimizing the search process once you decide on the key research question based on your interests.
-Identify key terms.
-Identify relevant articles based on the keywords.
-Review selected articles to identify gaps in the literature.
3. Map : This involves mapping key issues or aspects across the literature. The map should be updated whenever a researcher comes across an article of interest.
4. Synthesize : Synthesis involves integrating the insights of multiple but related studies. A research gap is identified by combining results and findings across several interrelated studies. 6
5. Consult: Seeking expert feedback will help you understand if the research gaps identified are adequate and feasible or if improvements are required.
6. Prioritize : It is possible that you have identified multiple questions requiring answers. Prioritize the question that can be addressed first, considering their relevance, resource availability, and your research strengths.
7. Enroll : Research Skills Development Programs, including workshops and discussion groups within or outside the research institution, can help develop research skills, such as framing the research problem. Networking and corroborating in such events with colleagues and experts might help you know more about current issues and problems in your research domain.
While there is no well-defined process to identify gaps in knowledge, curiosity, judgment, and creativity can help you in identifying these research gaps . Regardless of whether the research gaps identified are large or small, the study design must be sufficient to contribute toward advancing your field of research.
References
Question: How can research gaps be addressed?
Research gaps can be addressed by conducting further studies, experiments, or investigations that specifically target the areas where knowledge is lacking or incomplete. This involves conducting a thorough literature review to identify existing gaps, designing research methodologies to address these gaps, and collecting new data or analyzing existing data to fill the void. Collaboration among researchers, interdisciplinary approaches, and innovative research designs can also help bridge research gaps and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in a particular field.
Question: Can research gaps change over time?
Yes, research gaps can change over time. As new studies are conducted, technologies advance, and societal needs evolve, gaps in knowledge may be identified or existing gaps may become more pronounced. Research gaps are dynamic and subject to shifts as new discoveries are made, new questions arise, and priorities change. It is crucial for researchers to continuously assess and update their understanding of the field to identify emerging research gaps and adapt their research efforts accordingly.
Question: Are research gaps specific to a particular discipline or field?
Research gaps can exist within any discipline or field. Each discipline has its own unique body of knowledge and areas where understanding may be limited. Research gaps can arise from unanswered questions, unexplored phenomena, conflicting findings, practical challenges, or new frontiers of knowledge. They are not limited to a specific discipline or field, as gaps can exist in natural sciences, social sciences, humanities, engineering, or any other area of study.
Question: How can research gaps contribute to the research proposal?
Research gaps play a significant role in the development of research proposals. They help researchers identify a clear rationale and justification for their study. By addressing identified gaps in knowledge, researchers can demonstrate the significance and relevance of their proposed research. Research proposals often include a literature review section that highlights existing gaps and positions the proposed study as a contribution to the field. By explicitly addressing research gaps, researchers can strengthen the credibility and importance of their research proposal, as well as its potential impact on advancing knowledge and addressing critical questions or challenges.
R Discovery is a literature search and research reading platform that accelerates your research discovery journey by keeping you updated on the latest, most relevant scholarly content. With 250M+ research articles sourced from trusted aggregators like CrossRef, Unpaywall, PubMed, PubMed Central, Open Alex and top publishing houses like Springer Nature, JAMA, IOP, Taylor & Francis, NEJM, BMJ, Karger, SAGE, Emerald Publishing and more, R Discovery puts a world of research at your fingertips.
Try R Discovery Prime FREE for 1 week or upgrade at just US$72 a year to access premium features that let you listen to research on the go, read in your language, collaborate with peers, auto sync with reference managers, and much more. Choose a simpler, smarter way to find and read research – Download the app and start your free 7-day trial today !
The Global Guide to Research Impact
Framing challenges
By Steve Wallis and Bernadette Wright 02/06/2020
The basics of research are seemingly clear. Read a lot of articles, see what’s missing, and conduct research to fill the gap in the literature. Wait a minute. What is that? ‘See what’s missing?’ How can we see something that is not there?
Imagine you are videoconferencing a colleague who is showing you the results of their project. Suddenly, the screen and sound cut out for a minute. After pressing some keys, you manage to restore the link; only to have your colleague ask, ‘What do you think?’. Of course, you know that you missed something from the presentation because of the disconnection. You can see that something is missing, and you know what to ask for to get your desired results, ‘Sorry, could you repeat that last minute of your presentation, please’. It’s not so easy when we’re looking at research results, proposals, or literature reviews.
While all research is, to some extent, useful, we’ve seen a lot of research that does not have the expected impact. That means wasted time, wasted money, under-served clients, and frustration on multiple levels. A big part of that problem is that directions for research are often chosen intuitively; in a sort of ad-hoc process. While we deeply respect the intuition of experts, that kind of process is not very rigorous.
In this post, we will show you how to ‘see the invisible’: How to identify the missing pieces in any study, literature review, or program analysis. With these straight-forward techniques, you will be able to better target your research in a more cost-effective way to fill those knowledge gaps to develop more effective theories, plans, and evaluations.
The first step is to choose your source material. That can be one or more articles, reports, or other study results. Of course, you want to be sure that the material you use is of high quality . Next, you want to create a causal map of your source material.
We’re going to go a bit abstract on you here because people sometimes get lost in the ‘content’ when what we are looking at here is more about the ‘structure’. Think of it like choosing how to buy a house based on how well it is built, rather than what color it is painted. So, instead of using actual concepts, we’ll refer to them as concepts A, B, C… and so on.
So, the text might say something like: ‘Our research shows that A causes B, B causes C, and D causes less C. Oh yes, and E is also important (although we’re not sure how it’s causally connected to A, B, C, or D)’.
When we draw causal maps from the source material we’ve found, we like to have key concepts in circles, with causal connections represented by arrows.
Figure 1. Abstract example of a causal map of a theory
There are really three basic kinds of gaps for you to find: relevance/meaning, logic/structure, and data/evidence. Starting with structure, there is a gap any place where there are two circles NOT connected by a causal arrow. It is important to have at least two arrows pointing at each concept/circle for the same reason we like to have multiple independent variables for each dependent variable (although, with more complex maps, we’re learning to see these as interdependent variables).
For example, there is no arrow between A and D. Also, there is no arrow between E and any of the other concepts. Each of those is a structural gap – an opening for additional research.
You might also notice that there are two arrows pointing directly at C. Like having two independent variables and one dependent variable, it is structurally better to have at least two arrows pointing at each concept.
So, structurally , C is in good shape. This part of the map has the least need for additional research. A larger gap exists around B, because it has only one arrow pointing at it (the arrow from A to B). Larger still is the gap around A, D, and E; because they have no arrows pointing at them.
To get the greatest leverage for your research dollar, it is generally best to search for that second arrow. In short, one research question would be: What (aside from A) has a causal influence on B? Other good research questions would be (a) Is there a causal relationship between A and D? (b) Is there a causal relationship between E and any of the other concepts? (c) What else besides A helps cause B? (d) What are the causes of A, D, and E?
Now, let’s take a look at gaps in the data, evidence, or information upon which each causal arrow is established.
From structure to data
Here, we add to the drawing by making a note showing (very briefly) the kind of data supporting each causal arrow. We like to have that in a box – with a loopy line ‘typing’ the evidence to the connection. You can also use different colors to more easily differentiate between the concepts and the evidence on your map. You can also write the note along the length of the arrow.
Figure 2. Tying the data to the structure
From data to stakeholder relevance
Finally, the gap in meaning (relevance) asks if those studies were done with the ‘right’ people. By this, we mean people related to the situation or topic you are studying. Managers, line workers, clients, suppliers, those providing related services; all of those and more should be included. Similarly, you might look to a variety of academic disciplines, drawing expertise from psychology, sociology, business, economics, policy, and others.
Which participants or stakeholders are actually part of your research depends on the project. However, in general, having a broader selection of stakeholder groups results in a better map. This applies to both choosing what concepts go on the map and also who to contact for interviews and surveys.
Visualizing the gaps
All of these three gaps – gaps in structure, data, and stakeholder perspectives – can (and should) be addressed to help you choose more focused directions for your research – to generate research results that will have more impact. As a final note, remember that many gaps may be filled with secondary research; a new literature review that fills the gaps in the logic/structure, data/information, and meaning/relevance of your map so that your organisation can have a greater impact.
Figure 3. Visualizing the gaps (shown in green)
Some deeper reading on literature reviews may be found here:
https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/practical-mapping-for-applied-research-and-program-evaluation/book261152 (especially Chapter 3)
https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/K-03-2018-0136/full/html
http://journals.sfu.ca/jmde/index.php/jmde_1/article/download/481/436/
This approach helps you to avoid fuzzy understandings and the dangerous ‘pretence of knowledge’ that occasionally crops up in some reports and recommendations. Everyone can see that a piece is missing and so more easily agree where more research is needed to advance our knowledge to better serve our organisational and community constituents.
Contribute Write a blog post, post a job or event, recommend a resource
Partner with Us Are you an institution looking to increase your impact?
Guidance & inspiration on bringing development research into focus & use #R2ACareerChallenge Check our weekly resources on #R2AImpactPractitioners
In our latest blog post Inés Arangüena summarises key points raised at a recent webinar held by the International Public Policy Observatory. Here, Ines highlights the value of Rapid Evidence Assessments and lays out the whys & hows of using them to inform #policy. To read the full article follow the link in our bio! #EIPM #EIDM #EvidenceIntoUse
This film was made as part of an ISST study looking at the power of upskilling women in ‘nontraditional’ work to achieve economic empowerment. #InternationalWomensDay 🔗 See link in bio- under #IWD on Linktree! #WomensEmpowerment #FemaleEconomics
From the #R2AArchive: Seven years ago Laura ffrench-Constant was heartened to hear an eminent Applied Economist declare “it is my responsibility to communicate my work”! 🔗 Follow the archive link in our LinkTree 🔗 #SciComms #ResearchComms #AppliedEconomics #EIPM #ResearchtoPolicy @lconstant
In a new blog, Annapoorna Ravichander discusses the pros & cons of using a Memorandum of Understanding as a tool for communication. Follow the link in bio! #SciComms #CommsStrategy #ResearchComms #EvidenceUptake
Another from the #R2AArchive. In 2014 R2A curated & collected learning & ideas from the Think Tank Initiative’s Policy Engagement and Communications (PEC) programme. Here Shakil Md. Faisal describes designing a fresh website for BRAC Institute of Governance and Development (BIGD), one that links with digital communities while effectively communicating their objectives. Follow the Linktree in our bio for the Archive 🔗 #Comms4Dev #DigitalComms IDRC / CRDI #ttipec
The #ClimateCrisis means that #KnowledgeBrokers have a more vital role than ever in ensuring evidence has impact. 🌍 To see this in action #R2Arecommends checking out the work undertaken by the the Climate and Development Knowledge Network. Check out our linktree to read more! #KnowledgeTranslation #EvidenceImpact
Research To Action (R2A) is a learning platform for anyone interested in maximising the impact of research and capturing evidence of impact.
The site publishes practical resources on a range of topics including research uptake, communications, policy influence and monitoring and evaluation. It captures the experiences of practitioners and researchers working on these topics and facilitates conversations between this global community through a range of social media platforms.
R2A is produced by a small editorial team, led by CommsConsult . We welcome suggestions for and contributions to the site.
Subscribe to our newsletter!
Browse all authors
UNE Library Services
Gaps in the literature.
Gaps in the literature are missing pieces or insufficient information in the published research on a topic. These are areas that have opportunities for further research because they are unexplored, under-explored, or outdated.
Gaps can be missing or incomplete:
Conduct a thorough literature search to find a broad range of research articles on your topic. Search research databases ; you can find recommended databases for your subject area in research by subject for your course or program.
If you do not find articles in your literature search, this may indicate a gap.
If you do find articles, the goal is to find a gap for contributing new research. Authors signal that there is a gap using phrases such as:
If you have questions on this, or another, topic, contact a librarian for help!
Get science-backed answers as you write with Paperpal's Research feature
A literature review is a critical analysis and synthesis of existing research on a particular topic. It provides an overview of the current state of knowledge, identifies gaps, and highlights key findings in the literature. 1 The purpose of a literature review is to situate your own research within the context of existing scholarship, demonstrating your understanding of the topic and showing how your work contributes to the ongoing conversation in the field. Learning how to write a literature review is a critical tool for successful research. Your ability to summarize and synthesize prior research pertaining to a certain topic demonstrates your grasp on the topic of study, and assists in the learning process.
A well-conducted literature review demonstrates the researcher’s familiarity with the existing literature, establishes the context for their own research, and contributes to scholarly conversations on the topic. One of the purposes of a literature review is also to help researchers avoid duplicating previous work and ensure that their research is informed by and builds upon the existing body of knowledge.
A literature review serves several important purposes within academic and research contexts. Here are some key objectives and functions of a literature review: 2
1. Contextualizing the Research Problem: The literature review provides a background and context for the research problem under investigation. It helps to situate the study within the existing body of knowledge.
2. Identifying Gaps in Knowledge: By identifying gaps, contradictions, or areas requiring further research, the researcher can shape the research question and justify the significance of the study. This is crucial for ensuring that the new research contributes something novel to the field.
Find academic papers related to your research topic faster. Try Research on Paperpal
3. Understanding Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks: Literature reviews help researchers gain an understanding of the theoretical and conceptual frameworks used in previous studies. This aids in the development of a theoretical framework for the current research.
4. Providing Methodological Insights: Another purpose of literature reviews is that it allows researchers to learn about the methodologies employed in previous studies. This can help in choosing appropriate research methods for the current study and avoiding pitfalls that others may have encountered.
5. Establishing Credibility: A well-conducted literature review demonstrates the researcher’s familiarity with existing scholarship, establishing their credibility and expertise in the field. It also helps in building a solid foundation for the new research.
6. Informing Hypotheses or Research Questions: The literature review guides the formulation of hypotheses or research questions by highlighting relevant findings and areas of uncertainty in existing literature.
Let’s delve deeper with a literature review example: Let’s say your literature review is about the impact of climate change on biodiversity. You might format your literature review into sections such as the effects of climate change on habitat loss and species extinction, phenological changes, and marine biodiversity. Each section would then summarize and analyze relevant studies in those areas, highlighting key findings and identifying gaps in the research. The review would conclude by emphasizing the need for further research on specific aspects of the relationship between climate change and biodiversity. The following literature review template provides a glimpse into the recommended literature review structure and content, demonstrating how research findings are organized around specific themes within a broader topic.
Climate change is a global phenomenon with far-reaching consequences, including significant impacts on biodiversity. This literature review synthesizes key findings from various studies:
Climate change-induced alterations in temperature and precipitation patterns contribute to habitat loss, affecting numerous species (Thomas et al., 2004). The review discusses how these changes increase the risk of extinction, particularly for species with specific habitat requirements.
Observations of range shifts and changes in the timing of biological events (phenology) are documented in response to changing climatic conditions (Parmesan & Yohe, 2003). These shifts affect ecosystems and may lead to mismatches between species and their resources.
The review explores the impact of climate change on marine biodiversity, emphasizing ocean acidification’s threat to coral reefs (Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2007). Changes in pH levels negatively affect coral calcification, disrupting the delicate balance of marine ecosystems.
Recognizing the urgency of the situation, the literature review discusses various adaptive strategies adopted by species and conservation efforts aimed at mitigating the impacts of climate change on biodiversity (Hannah et al., 2007). It emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary approaches for effective conservation planning.
Strengthen your literature review with factual insights. Try Research on Paperpal for free!
Writing a literature review involves summarizing and synthesizing existing research on a particular topic. A good literature review format should include the following elements.
Introduction: The introduction sets the stage for your literature review, providing context and introducing the main focus of your review.
Body: The body of the literature review is where you provide a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, grouping studies based on themes, methodologies, or other relevant criteria.
Write and Cite as you go with Paperpal Research. Start now for free.
Conclusion: The conclusion of your literature review should summarize the main findings, highlight the contributions of the review, and suggest avenues for future research.
Conducting a literature review is an essential step in research that involves reviewing and analyzing existing literature on a specific topic. It’s important to know how to do a literature review effectively, so here are the steps to follow: 1
Whether you’re exploring a new research field or finding new angles to develop an existing topic, sifting through hundreds of papers can take more time than you have to spare. But what if you could find science-backed insights with verified citations in seconds? That’s the power of Paperpal’s new Research feature!
Paperpal, an AI writing assistant, integrates powerful academic search capabilities within its writing platform. With the Research feature, you get 100% factual insights, with citations backed by 250M+ verified research articles, directly within your writing interface with the option to save relevant references in your Citation Library. By eliminating the need to switch tabs to find answers to all your research questions, Paperpal saves time and helps you stay focused on your writing.
Here’s how to use the Research feature:
The literature review sample and detailed advice on writing and conducting a review will help you produce a well-structured report. But remember that a good literature review is an ongoing process, and it may be necessary to revisit and update it as your research progresses. By combining effortless research with an easy citation process, Paperpal Research streamlines the literature review process and empowers you to write faster and with more confidence. Try Paperpal Research now and see for yourself.
A literature review is a critical and comprehensive analysis of existing literature (published and unpublished works) on a specific topic or research question and provides a synthesis of the current state of knowledge in a particular field. A well-conducted literature review is crucial for researchers to build upon existing knowledge, avoid duplication of efforts, and contribute to the advancement of their field. It also helps researchers situate their work within a broader context and facilitates the development of a sound theoretical and conceptual framework for their studies.
Literature review is a crucial component of research writing, providing a solid background for a research paper’s investigation. The aim is to keep professionals up to date by providing an understanding of ongoing developments within a specific field, including research methods, and experimental techniques used in that field, and present that knowledge in the form of a written report. Also, the depth and breadth of the literature review emphasizes the credibility of the scholar in his or her field.
Before writing a literature review, it’s essential to undertake several preparatory steps to ensure that your review is well-researched, organized, and focused. This includes choosing a topic of general interest to you and doing exploratory research on that topic, writing an annotated bibliography, and noting major points, especially those that relate to the position you have taken on the topic.
Literature reviews and academic research papers are essential components of scholarly work but serve different purposes within the academic realm. 3 A literature review aims to provide a foundation for understanding the current state of research on a particular topic, identify gaps or controversies, and lay the groundwork for future research. Therefore, it draws heavily from existing academic sources, including books, journal articles, and other scholarly publications. In contrast, an academic research paper aims to present new knowledge, contribute to the academic discourse, and advance the understanding of a specific research question. Therefore, it involves a mix of existing literature (in the introduction and literature review sections) and original data or findings obtained through research methods.
Literature reviews are essential components of academic and research papers, and various strategies can be employed to conduct them effectively. If you want to know how to write a literature review for a research paper, here are four common approaches that are often used by researchers. Chronological Review: This strategy involves organizing the literature based on the chronological order of publication. It helps to trace the development of a topic over time, showing how ideas, theories, and research have evolved. Thematic Review: Thematic reviews focus on identifying and analyzing themes or topics that cut across different studies. Instead of organizing the literature chronologically, it is grouped by key themes or concepts, allowing for a comprehensive exploration of various aspects of the topic. Methodological Review: This strategy involves organizing the literature based on the research methods employed in different studies. It helps to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of various methodologies and allows the reader to evaluate the reliability and validity of the research findings. Theoretical Review: A theoretical review examines the literature based on the theoretical frameworks used in different studies. This approach helps to identify the key theories that have been applied to the topic and assess their contributions to the understanding of the subject. It’s important to note that these strategies are not mutually exclusive, and a literature review may combine elements of more than one approach. The choice of strategy depends on the research question, the nature of the literature available, and the goals of the review. Additionally, other strategies, such as integrative reviews or systematic reviews, may be employed depending on the specific requirements of the research.
The literature review format can vary depending on the specific publication guidelines. However, there are some common elements and structures that are often followed. Here is a general guideline for the format of a literature review: Introduction: Provide an overview of the topic. Define the scope and purpose of the literature review. State the research question or objective. Body: Organize the literature by themes, concepts, or chronology. Critically analyze and evaluate each source. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the studies. Highlight any methodological limitations or biases. Identify patterns, connections, or contradictions in the existing research. Conclusion: Summarize the key points discussed in the literature review. Highlight the research gap. Address the research question or objective stated in the introduction. Highlight the contributions of the review and suggest directions for future research.
Both annotated bibliographies and literature reviews involve the examination of scholarly sources. While annotated bibliographies focus on individual sources with brief annotations, literature reviews provide a more in-depth, integrated, and comprehensive analysis of existing literature on a specific topic. The key differences are as follows:
Annotated Bibliography | Literature Review | |
Purpose | List of citations of books, articles, and other sources with a brief description (annotation) of each source. | Comprehensive and critical analysis of existing literature on a specific topic. |
Focus | Summary and evaluation of each source, including its relevance, methodology, and key findings. | Provides an overview of the current state of knowledge on a particular subject and identifies gaps, trends, and patterns in existing literature. |
Structure | Each citation is followed by a concise paragraph (annotation) that describes the source’s content, methodology, and its contribution to the topic. | The literature review is organized thematically or chronologically and involves a synthesis of the findings from different sources to build a narrative or argument. |
Length | Typically 100-200 words | Length of literature review ranges from a few pages to several chapters |
Independence | Each source is treated separately, with less emphasis on synthesizing the information across sources. | The writer synthesizes information from multiple sources to present a cohesive overview of the topic. |
References
Paperpal is an AI writing assistant that help academics write better, faster with real-time suggestions for in-depth language and grammar correction. Trained on millions of research manuscripts enhanced by professional academic editors, Paperpal delivers human precision at machine speed.
Try it for free or upgrade to Paperpal Prime , which unlocks unlimited access to premium features like academic translation, paraphrasing, contextual synonyms, consistency checks and more. It’s like always having a professional academic editor by your side! Go beyond limitations and experience the future of academic writing. Get Paperpal Prime now at just US$19 a month!
Self-plagiarism in research: what it is and how to avoid it, you may also like, how to structure an essay, leveraging generative ai to enhance student understanding of..., what’s the best chatgpt alternative for academic writing, how to write a good hook for essays,..., addressing peer review feedback and mastering manuscript revisions..., how paperpal can boost comprehension and foster interdisciplinary..., what is the importance of a concept paper..., how to write the first draft of a..., mla works cited page: format, template & examples, how to ace grant writing for research funding....
Discover the world's research
This article aims to identify counterfeiting state-of-the-art and expand the Operations and Supply chain Management (OSCM) field from the identified gaps and bottlenecks to understand the real-life phenomenon and critically evaluate the existing body of knowledge. This is a systematic literature review from 63 relevant articles identified from Scopus and Web of Science. This is a reflection exercise to identify gaps and bottlenecks to subsidy research opportunities. Clearly, the strategies for combating counterfeiting could be more reactive or proactive, for example, reactive in the purchasing/co-opting offenders and proactive by blockchain adoption and marketing communication with tips to identify fake products. Therefore, the results also identified some central aspects related to the evolution of counterfeiting studies in the OSCM field and relevant gaps. We provide theoretical evidence that an interesting and broad field exists to expand from the identified gaps and bottlenecks. We also present up-to-date, state-of-the-art literature on all the aspects and facets of counterfeiting.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Price includes VAT (Russian Federation)
Instant access to the full article PDF.
Rent this article via DeepDyve
Institutional subscriptions
The author confirms that all data generated or analyzed during this study are included in the article, including the Supplementary File.
Agrawal TK, Koehl L, Campagne C (2018) A secured tag for implementation of traceability in textile and clothing supply chain. Int J Adv Manuf Technol Int J Adv Manuf Technol 99:9–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-2638-x
Google Scholar
Amaral NB (2020) What can be done to address luxury counterfeiting? An integrative review of tactics and strategies. J Brand Manage Palgrave Macmillan UK 27(6):691–709. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41262-020-00206-6
Ames J, Souza DZ (2012) Counterfeiting of drugs in Brazil. Rev Saude Publica 46(1):154–159. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102012005000005
Berman B (2008) Strategies to detect and reduce counterfeiting activity. Bus Horiz 51(3):191–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2008.01.002
Bian X, Moutinho L (2011) Counterfeits and branded products: effects of counterfeit ownership. J Prod Brand Manage 20(5):379–393. https://doi.org/10.1108/10610421111157900
Böhle C, Hellingrath B, Deuter P (2014) Towards process reference models for secure supply chains. J Transp Secur 7(3):255–276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12198-014-0142-6
Busby JS (2019) The co-evolution of competition and parasitism in the resource-based view: a risk model of product counterfeiting. Eur J Oper Res 276(1):300–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2018.12.039
Cataldo A, Grieco A, Prete A, Del, Cannazza G, Benedetto E, De (2016) Innovative method for traceability of hides throughout the leather manufacturing process. Int J Adv Manuf Technol Int J Adv Manuf Technol 86:9–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-016-8489-4
Cho SH, Fang X, Tayur S (2015) Combating strategic counterfeiters in licit and illicit supply chains. Manuf Service Oper Manage 17(3):273–289. https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2015.0524
Choi TM, Feng L, Li R, Elsevier BV (2020) Vol. 221 No. July 2019, 107473, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.08.008
Cole R, Stevenson M, Aitken J (2019) Blockchain technology: implications for operations and supply chain management. Supply Chain Manage 24(4):469–483. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-09-2018-0309
Cordell VV, Wongtada N, Kieschnick RL Jr. (1996) Counterfeit purchase intentions: role of lawfulness attitudes and product traits as determinants. J Bus Res 35(95):41–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(95)00009-7
Crettez B, Hayek N, Zaccour G (2018) Brand imitation: A dynamic-game approach, International Journal of Production Economics , Vol. 205 No. November, pp. 139–155, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2018.09.010
Danese P, Mocellin R, Romano P (2021) Designing blockchain systems to prevent counterfeiting in wine supply chains: a multiple-case study. Int J Oper Prod Manage 41:1–33. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOPM-12-2019-0781
Durach CF, Kembro JH, Wieland A (2021) How to advance theory through literature reviews in logistics and supply chain management. Int J Phys Distribution Logistics Manage ahead–of–p(No ahead–of–print). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPDLM-11-2020-0381
Falasca M, Dellana S, Rowe WJ, Kros JF (2021) The impact of counterfeit risk management on healthcare supply chain performance: an empirical analysis. Int J Productivity Perform Manage. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-08-2020-0426
Gao SY, Lim WS, Tang C (2017) The impact of the potential entry of copycats: Entry conditions, Consumer Welfare, and Social Welfare. Decis Sci 48(4):594–624. https://doi.org/10.1111/deci.12235
Garg P, Gupta B, Chauhan AK, Sivarajah U, Gupta S, Modgil S (2021) Measuring the perceived benefits of implementing blockchain technology in the banking sector, Technological Forecasting and Social Change , Elsevier Inc., Vol. 163 No. June 2020, p. 120407, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120407
Ghadge A, Duck A, Er M, Caldwell N (2021) Deceptive counterfeit risk in global supply chains, Supply Chain Forum , Taylor & Francis, Vol. 22 No. 2, pp. 87–99, https://doi.org/10.1080/16258312.2021.1908844
Ghamat S, Pun H, Critchley G, Hou P (2021) Using intellectual property agreements in the presence of supplier and third-party copycatting, European Journal of Operational Research , Elsevier B.V., Lazaridis School of Business and Economics, Wilfrid Laurier University, 64 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C7, Canada, Vol. 291 No. 2, pp. 680–692, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2020.09.041
Gnezdova JV, Barilenko VI, Kozenkova TA, Chernyshev AV, Vasina NV (2018) evna. Food safety auditing in Russia in a climate of foreign sanctions and a policy of import substitution, Quality - Access to Success , Vol. 19 No. 167, pp. 155–158
Hoecht A, Trott P (2014) How should firms deal withcounterfeiting? A review of the success conditions of anti-counterfeiting strategies. Int J Emerg Markets 9(1):98–119
Itkis D, Daim T, Basoglu N (2009) Balancing efficiency and competitiveness in outsourcing decisions. Int J Serv Oper Manage 5(5):662–686. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSOM.2009.025120
Jaeger SR, Worch T, Phelps T, Jin D, Cardello AV (2021) Effects of ‘craft’ vs. ‘traditional’ labels to beer consumers with different flavor preferences: a comprehensive multi-response approach. Food Qual Prefer 87(No May 2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2020.104043
Jæger B, Menebo MM, Upadhyay A (2021) Identification of environmental supply chain bottlenecks: a case study of the Ethiopian healthcare supply chain. Manage Environ Quality: Int J 32(6):1233–1254. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-12-2019-0277
Kamenivskyy Y, Palisetti A, Hamze L, Saberi S (2022) A blockchain-based solution for COVID-19 vaccine distribution. IEEE Eng Manage Rev 50(1):43–53. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMR.2022.3145656
Kasuma J, Noor NM, Abdurahman AZA, Sawangchai A, Jemari MA (2020) The influence of information susceptibility and normative susceptibility on counterfeit manufacturing products purchase intention. Int J Supply Chain Manage 9(2):234–239
Kros JF, Falasca M, Dellana S, Rowe WJ (2020) Mitigating counterfeit risk in the supply chain: an empirical study. TQM J 32(5):983–1002. https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-02-2019-0054
Kumar S, Dieveney E, Dieveney A (2009) Reverse logistic process control measures for the pharmaceutical industry supply chain. Int J Productivity Perform Manage 58(2):188–204. https://doi.org/10.1108/17410400910928761
Kwong KK, Yau OHM, Lee JSY, Sin LYM, Tse ACB (2003) The effects of Attitudinal and demographic factors on intention to Buy Pirated CDs: the case of Chinese consumers. J Bus Ethics 47(3):223–235. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026269003472
Leng J, Jiang P, Xu K, Liu Q, Zhao JL, Bian Y, Shi R (2019) Makerchain: a blockchain with chemical signature for self-organizing process in social manufacturing. J Clean Prod 234:767–778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.265
Li Z, Xu X, Bai Q, Guan X, Zeng K (2021) The interplay between blockchain adoption and channel selection in combating counterfeits, Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review , Vol. 155 No. December 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2021.102451
Lima FRP, Da de AL, Godinho Filho M, Dias EM (2018) Systematic review: resilience enablers to combat counterfeit medicines. Supply Chain Manage 23(2):117–135. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-04-2017-0155
Liu K, Li JA, Lai KK (2004) Single period, single product newsvendor model with random supply shock. Eur J Oper Res 158(3):609–625. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(03)00382-5
Liu K, Li JA, Wu Y, Lai KK (2005) Analysis of monitoring and limiting of commercial cheating: a newsvendor model. J Oper Res Soc 56(7):844–854. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601913
Liu F, Liu K, Xie XL (2016) Monitoring and limiting deceptive counterfeiting: a two-stage model. J Oper Res Soc China 4(3):265–308. Operations Research Society of China10.1007/s40305-016-0130-6
Lohne J, Kjesbu NE, Engebø A, Young B, Lædre O (2019) Scoping Literature Review of Crime in the AEC industry. J Constr Eng Manag 145(6):1–14. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001648
Longo F, Nicoletti L, Padovano A, d’Atri G, Forte M (2019) Blockchain-enabled supply chain: an experimental study. Computers Industrial Eng 136(No July):pp57–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2019.07.026
Lu W, Jiang Y, Chen Z, Ji X (2022) Blockchain adoption in a supply chain system to combat counterfeiting, Computers and Industrial Engineering , Vol. 171 No. July, p. 108408, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2022.108408
Machado SM, Paiva EL, da Silva EM (2018) Counterfeiting: addressing mitigation and resilience in supply chains. Int J Phys Distribution Logistics Manage 48(2):139–163. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPDLM-01-2017-0004
Manchanda M, Deb M, Lomo-David E (2021) Scrutinizing the efficacy of branded apps quality to counter counterfeiting and restore trust in m-commerce, Quality Management Journal , Taylor & Francis, Vol. 28 No. 3, pp. 156–174, https://doi.org/10.1080/10686967.2021.1920869
Minchin RE, Cui S, Walters RC, Issa R, Pan J (2013) Sino-american opinions and perceptions of counterfeiting in the Construction Supply Chain. J Constr Eng Manag 139(1):1–8
Naderpajouh N, Hastak M, Gokhale S, Bayraktar ME, Iyer A, Arif F (2015) Counterfeiting risk governance in the Capital projects Supply Chain. J Constr Eng Manag 141(3):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000943
O’Leary DE (2017) Configuring blockchain architectures for transaction information in blockchain consortiums: the case of accounting and supply chain systems. Intell Syst Acc Finance Manage 24(4):138–147. https://doi.org/10.1002/isaf.1417
OECD (2021) Global Trade in fakes: a worrying threat. OECD Publishing, Paris
OECD (2022) Dangerous fakes: Trade in Counterfeit Goods that Pose Health, Safety and Environmental risks. OECD Publishing, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/117e352b-en
Pecht BM, Tiku S (2006) Bogus! IEEE Spectr 43(5):37–46
Pour PD, Nazzal MA, Darras BM (2022) The role of industry 4.0 technologies in overcoming pandemic challenges for the manufacturing sector. Concur Eng Res Appl 30(2):190–205. https://doi.org/10.1177/1063293X221082681
Pun H, Swaminathan JM, Hou P (2021) Blockchain Adoption for combating deceptive counterfeits. Prod Oper Manage 30(4):864–882. https://doi.org/10.1111/poms.13348
Qian Y (2008) Impacts of entry by counterfeiters. Quart J Econ 123(4):1577–1609. https://doi.org/10.1162/qjec.2008.123.4.1577
Qian Y, Gong Q, Chen Y (2015) Untangling searchable and experiential quality responses to counterfeits. Mark Sci 34(4):522–538. https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2014.0867
Rogerson M, Parry GC (2020) Blockchain: case studies in food supply chain visibility. Supply Chain Manage 25:601–614. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-08-2019-0300
Sandborn M, Olea C, White J, Williams C, Tarazaga PA, Sturm L, Albakri M et al (2021) Towards secure cyber-physical information association for parts, Journal of Manufacturing Systems , Vol. 59 No. October 2020, pp. 27–41, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2021.01.003
Scuderi A, Foti V, Timpanaro G (2019) The supply chain value of pod and pgi food products through the application of blockchain. Qual - Access Success 20(S2):580–587
Şerbancea F, Stănescu A, Lazăr V (2018) Ethics in Knowledge Management. Food Saf Manage 19(167):159–165
Shen B, Xu X, Yuan Q (2020) Selling secondhand products through an online platform with blockchain, Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review , Elsevier, Vol. 142 No. August, p. 102066, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2020.102066
Shen B, Cheng M, Dong C, Xiao Y (2023) Battling counterfeit masks during the COVID-19 outbreak: quality inspection vs. blockchain adoption. Int J Prod Res 61(11):3634–3650. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2021.1961038
Shi J, Zhou J, Zhu Q (2019) Barriers of a closed-loop cartridge remanufacturing supply chain for urban waste recovery governance in China. J Clean Prod 212:1544–1553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.114
Shultz CJ, Saporito B (1996) Protecting intellectual property: strategies and recommendations to Deter Counterfeiting and Brand Piracy in Global Markets. Columbia J World Bus 31(1):18–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5428(96)90003-4
Stevenson M, Busby J (2015) An exploratory analysis of counterfeiting strategies: towards counterfeit-resilient supply chains. Int J Oper Prod Manage 35(1):110–144. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOPM-04-2012-0174
Sun Z, Xu Q, Shi B (2022) Price and product quality decisions for a two-Echelon Supply Chain in the Blockchain era. Asia-Pac J Oper Res 39(1):1–31. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217595921400169
Thaichon P, Quach S (2016) Dark motives-counterfeit purchase framework: Internal and external motives behind counterfeit purchase via digital platforms, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services , Elsevier, Vol. 33, pp. 82–91, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2016.08.003
Ting SL, Tsang AHC (2014) Using social network analysis to combat counterfeiting. Int J Prod Res 52:4456–4468. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2013.861947
Tranfield D, Denyer D, Smart P (2003) Towards a methodology for developing evidence-informed management knowledge by means of systematic review. Br J Manag 14(3):207–222. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.00375
Urciuoli L (2010) Supply chain security-mitigation measures and a logistics multi-layered framework. J Transp Secur 3(1):1–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12198-009-0034-3
Urciuoli L, Paulraj A, Näslund D (2013) The role of the law enforcement agencies in transport security, a survey with Swedish operators. Logistics Res 6(4):145–157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12159-013-0102-8
Wagner L, Gürbüz M, Ҫagri, Parlar M (2019) Is it fake? Using potentially low quality suppliers as back-up when genuine suppliers are unavailable, International Journal of Production Economics , Vol. 213 No. August 2018, pp. 185–200, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.03.016
Wang L, Kowk SK, Ip WH (2012) A radio frequency identification-based quality evaluation system design for the wine industry. Int J Comput Integr Manuf 25(1):11–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/0951192X.2011.562542
Wang Y, Lin J, Choi TM (2020) Gray market and counterfeiting in supply chains: A review of the operations literature and implications to luxury industries, Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review , Vol. 133 No. November 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2019.101823
Webster J, Watson RT (2002) Analyzing the Past to Prepare for the Future: Writing a Literature Review. MIS Quarterly 26(2):xiii–xxiii. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4132319
Whittemore R, Knafl K (2005) The integrative review: updated methodology, Journal of Advanced Nursing , John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Vol. 52 No. 5, pp. 546–553, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03621.x
Wyld DC, Jones MA (2007) RFID is no fake: the adoption of radio frequency identification technology in the pharmaceutical supply chain. Int J Integr Supply Manage 3(2):156–171. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJISM.2007.011974
Xie D, Zhu W, Zhao X, Xie J (2021) An experimental study on the sale of counterfeit products under monitoring policies, Journal of the Operational Research Society , Taylor & Francis, Vol. 72 No. 1, pp. 93–108, https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2019.1650623
Yi Z, Yu M, Cheung KL (2022) Impacts of counterfeiting on a global supply chain. Manuf Service Oper Manage 24(1):159–178. https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2020.0912
Zhang J, Zhang RQ (2015) Supply chain structure in a market with deceptive counterfeits. Eur J Oper Res 240(1):84–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2014.06.041
Zhang J, Hong LJ, Zhang RQ (2012) Fighting strategies in a market with counterfeits. Ann Oper Res 192(1):49–66
Download references
This work was supported by the Coordination for the improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) and National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), foundations within The Brazilian Ministry of Education.
Authors and affiliations.
Fundação Getulio Vargas’s Sao Paulo, School of Business Administration (FGV EAESP), 474 Itapeva St, 8th Floor, Bela Vista, São Paulo, 01332-000, SP, Brazil
Raul Beal Partyka, Roger Augusto Luna & Ely Laureano Paiva
Department of Supply Chain and Information Management, School of Business, College of Charleston, 66 George St, Beatty 334, Charleston, SC, 29424, USA
Rafael Teixeira
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
Correspondence to Raul Beal Partyka .
Conflict of interest.
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Publisher’s note.
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions.
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
Reprints and permissions
Partyka, R.B., Teixeira, R., Luna, R.A. et al. The good, the bad, and the ugly: how counterfeiting is addressed in operations and supply chain management literature. Manag Rev Q (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-024-00453-w
Download citation
Received : 18 July 2023
Accepted : 19 June 2024
Published : 28 June 2024
DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-024-00453-w
Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:
Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.
Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative
IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
Here are the key takeaways: A research gap is an unanswered question or unresolved problem in a field, which reflects a lack of existing research in that space. The four most common types of research gaps are the classic literature gap, the disagreement gap, the contextual gap and the methodological gap.
Review the literature: Conduct a thorough review of the literature related to your research question. This will help you to identify the current state of knowledge in the field and the gaps that exist. Identify the research gap: Based on your review of the literature, identify the specific research gap that your study will address. This could ...
The identification of gaps from systematic reviews is essential to the practice of "evidence-based research." Health care research should begin and end with a systematic review.1-3 A comprehensive and explicit consideration of the existing evidence is necessary for the identification and development of an unanswered and answerable question, for the design of a study most likely to answer ...
Examples of literature reviews. Step 1 - Search for relevant literature. Step 2 - Evaluate and select sources. Step 3 - Identify themes, debates, and gaps. Step 4 - Outline your literature review's structure. Step 5 - Write your literature review.
A literature gap, or research gap, is an unexplored topic revealed during a literature search that has scope for research or further exploration. To identify literature gaps, you need to do a thorough review of existing literature in both the broad and specific areas of your topic. You could go through both the Introduction and Discussion ...
Conducting an exhaustive literature review is your first step. As you search for journal articles, you will need to read critically across the breadth of the literature to identify these gaps. You goal should be to find a 'space' or opening for contributing new research. The first step is gathering a broad range of research articles on your ...
1 Answer to this question. Specifically in the context of doing and writing the literature review, you can identify a gap in any/all of the following ways: Look up papers that build on previous papers, be it by the same author/s or others. Find out what gaps the later papers have addressed, and if there are still any.
Wrigh (2020) identified the gap analysis of the literature review is to find missing pieces in any study, literature review or program analysis. In this study, Scopus data base was used to search ...
A literature review is a survey of scholarly sources on a specific topic. It provides an overview of current knowledge, allowing you to identify relevant theories, methods, and gaps in the existing research. There are five key steps to writing a literature review: Search for relevant literature. Evaluate sources. Identify themes, debates and gaps.
An essential aspect of reviewing the literature is to identify research gaps (Webster and Watson 2002). While reviews oug ht to be conducted rigorously (e.g., Fink 2010), there has been a lack of ...
In other programs, students identify a gap in practice. The literature review for a gap in practice will show the context of the problem and the current state of the research. Research gap definition. A research gap exists when: a question or problem has not been answered by existing studies/research in the field ;
Literature review is an essential feature of academic research. Fundamentally, knowledge advancement must be built on prior existing work. To push the knowledge frontier, we must know where the frontier is. By reviewing relevant literature, we understand the breadth and depth of the existing body of work and identify gaps to explore.
The following steps can help with optimizing the search process once you decide on the key research question based on your interests. -Identify key terms. -Identify relevant articles based on the keywords. -Review selected articles to identify gaps in the literature. 3.
As a final note, remember that many gaps may be filled with secondary research; a new literature review that fills the gaps in the logic/structure, data/information, and meaning/relevance of your map so that your organisation can have a greater impact. Figure 3. Visualizing the gaps (shown in green)
Biology, or Medicine. Conduct an extensive literature search to find a broad range of research articles on a topic. IDENTIFYING GAPS If you do not find articles in your literature search, this may indicate a gap. If you do find articles, the goal is to find a gap for contributing new research. Authors signal within their articles that there is ...
Identifying Gaps. If you do not find articles in your literature search, this may indicate a gap. If you do find articles, the goal is to find a gap for contributing new research. Authors signal that there is a gap using words such as: Has not been clarified, studied, reported, or elucidated. Further research is required or needed.
A literature review is a critical analysis and synthesis of existing research on a particular topic. It provides an overview of the current state of knowledge, identifies gaps, and highlights key findings in the literature. 1 The purpose of a literature review is to situate your own research within the context of existing scholarship ...
Framework for literature reviewing (vom Brocke et al. 2009, p. 8) Thus, identifying research gaps forms part of the last step (phase V) of von Brocke et al.'s framework. It is important to note that the process of identifying research gaps is different from the process of literature analysis and synthesis (phase IV).
Conduct a systematic literature search. 3. Analyze and synthesize the literature. 4. Identify and categorize the research gaps. 5. Prioritize and justify the research gaps. 6. Formulate your ...
Though there is no well-defined process to find a gap in existing knowledge, your curiosity, creativity, imagination, and judgment can help you identify it. Here are 6 tips to identify research gaps: 1. Look for inspiration in published literature. Read books and articles on the topics that you like the most.
A research gap, in a certain area of literature, is defined as a topic or subject for which. missing or insufficient existing body of knowledge limits the ability to reach a conclusion. It. may ...
1. Evidence Gap: An evidence gap occurs with a provocative exception arising if a new research finding contradicts widely accepted conclusions. This gap involves contradictions in the findings of the prior research. It occurs if results from studies allow for conclusions in their own right, but are contradictory when examined from a more abstract point of view.
To summarize, identifying the gap in literature will help you. In fact, to make sure you stay updated about new research in your domain of expertise, it is recommended to make literature reading a habit. This will also prevent you from getting overwhelmed by the amount of articles you need to digest before you start working on a new research ...
The literature review methodology received different terms in the literature (Whittemore and Knafl 2005).Webster & Watson recommended a structured approach that focuses on the main journals and academic databases, which can speed up the identification of relevant papers.This research uses a descriptive approach (Durach, Kembro, e Wieland, 2015), based on gaps, themes, research agendas, framed ...
Louise Emmett and colleagues1 investigated that the combination of enzalutamide and lutetium-177 [177Lu]Lu-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-617 has anti-tumour activity and addressed a crucial gap in the therapeutic landscape for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. The findings that this combination significantly improved prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression-free ...