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Dissertation writing service

Dissertation done without the stress

Get dissertation help to save time and reduce stress while delivering on every deadline with ease.

Trusted by 1,5M+ happy customers

Professional dissertation writers team

At EssayPro, we have an extensive team of proficient experts who offer one-on-one dissertation writing help. Dissertation writers are evaluated based on their previous customer feedback and reviews. You can look at the track record of the writer you're considering before making your selection.

Writing a dissertation can be long and tedious. It takes hours, days, and weeks to complete

Have no clue how to write your disseration? Meeting deadlines?

"It’s stressful and difficult for me to even think about the thought of writing a dissertation"

Wouldn't it be worthwhile for you to trust your dissertation work to professionals?

"The stress of university with the added pressure of deadlines makes me dizzy"

What if we offer to take care of all your academic needs?

"I wish I could have more time for my friends and hobbies"

What if we handle your papers and you get a chance to spend more time doing the things you love?

"I cannot find the motivation and inspiration for this work"

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Reasons to select our dissertation assistance service

Years of serving students.

Our native experts are dedicated to student success and will tackle any academic dissertations with ease.

Beat your deadlines

Ace those deadlines and get your college work done in no time.

Custom dissertation

Let us guide you to your academic success with highly original papers. Get a free plagiarism report.

Give us a shot while facing any kind of massive dissertation on any topic and for any subject.

Leading price per page

Why spend more? Get uni work done cheaper with us with an initial price from $11.70 per page.

Latest feedback on our PhD dissertation writing services

To see what customers think about our dissertation service, check out our reviews. You'll quickly see why we are a reliable and trusted service!

Help with any types of dissertations

Undergraduate dissertation.

Choose from hundreds of experts who can assist you in completing your undergraduate dissertation! Prices start at $13 per page, with potential discounts for longer orders or extended deadlines

Master's dissertation

If you are in the process of completing a Master's degree, we can provide you with an experienced writer to finish your dissertation. We strive to offer a quick turnaround on tailored papers at an affordable price, starting at $14.30 per page.

Ph.D. or doctoral dissertation

Hire from among our most skilled experts to save your time and ease your workload. Prices for Ph.D. assistance start at $15.60 per page.

How our dissertation writing service works

1. send us your dissertation requirements.

Insert all the relevant information about your order. You can also upload the necessary materials for its completion. The more detailed your requirements are, the better.

2. Pick the most adept author

Read customer feedback and compare authors in terms of their experience and rating. Decide who is most qualified to deliver the best results.

3. Pay when the paper is ready

You’ll get a notification when the author finishes your custom dissertation writing. At this point, you can download your dissertation and complete the payment.

Frequently asked questions

Will you follow my guidelines, how do you ensure that your dissertation writing services provide original work, what do i do if i need my dissertation writer to change something, is an upfront payment required when i use your dissertation writing services, what guarantees do you provide when using your dissertation services, how does your essay advice service help with dissertation, essay pro: who are we.

EssayPro dissertation writing service is all about making your academic life easier. We offer high-quality work at prices that fit a student's budget. Our team is filled with experienced writers who know their way around various subjects, ensuring your dissertation is highly unique and just what you need. We're here to support you in hitting those academic milestones.

Thanks to our 24/7 customer support, we're always here, day or night, to answer your questions or help you out. Your data safety is a big deal to us, that's why we keep all your details under wraps. With EssayPro, you can relax a bit, knowing we've got your dissertation covered.

Discover our EssayPro custom dissertation writing service

At EssayPro, we pride ourselves on being more than just an essay writing service . We offer custom dissertation writing services that set the benchmark for quality and originality (from 96%). Our team of experienced writers crafts every dissertation from the ground up, ensuring authenticity.

While other Ph.D. dissertation writing services might work with just anyone to churn out generic content, we handpick our experts to guarantee top-notch quality. We know the industry is plagued with competitors who give dissertation help services
a bad name, but at EssayPro, we strive for nothing less than reliable support. Our reputation is our most valuable asset, and we work tirelessly to uphold it.

We've struck the perfect balance between quality and affordability. We recognize the importance of your time and are confident that our commitment to client satisfaction is showcased among students.

Choose EssayPro for comprehensive, personalized support for all your writing needs, from essays to custom dissertations. Experience the difference that dedication to quality and professionalism can make.

What advantages will I receive if I hire your service to write my dissertation?

By outsourcing your work to EssayPro's dissertation service, you get:

• ‍ Your time back – Having free time is essential for individual growth. By delegating tasks and getting help with dissertation to us, you open your schedule up for the opportunity to experience more in life. ‍
• More freedom to do what you love – Without homework hanging over your head, you are free to devote your time to your hobbies, giving you more energy to enjoy your day. ‍
• Time for priorities – With your newfound free time, getting tedious assignments out of the way via our dissertation service, you can use that freedom to grow and develop your marketable skills by investing time in things that interest you. ‍
• A high-quality guarantee – Delegating your "write my dissertation for me" task to us means you’re placing it in good hands. We provide cheap dissertation writing services while maintaining quality to satisfy our clients and grow our reputation in the market.

Best dissertation writing service online

Choosing the right team, whether it's for essay help or dissertation service, can be a daunting task, given the myriad options and varying quality standards. Here's how EssayPro stands out as your best choice:

• ‍ Quality assurance: When you buy dissertation at EssayPro, you receive work crafted by skilled experts to meet your specific needs. ‍
• Easy registration: Creating an account takes only a few moments, streamlining your path to expert dissertation help online. ‍
• Expert selection: You can select your writer based on ranking and skill, ensuring the perfect match for your project. Our dissertation writing service offers a diverse list of expert writers to fit your needs. ‍
• Clear communication: Send detailed instructions and keep your writer updated with any changes. You can monitor the writing process from your account page, staying in control every step of the way. ‍
• Unlimited edits: Enjoy limitless adjustments at no additional cost. Engage in direct communication with your writer and request drafts as often as you wish.

At EssayPro, your interests are our priority. We strive to make the dissertation writing process as personalized and transparent as possible, providing a tailored solution that aligns with your unique requirements.

What is included in a Ph.D dissertation?

Maximize the impact of your custom dissertation paper - let our Ph.D. dissertation writing service handle the key components:

• Abstract: we summarize your paper with a comprehensive abstract that demonstrates the validity of your work. ‍
• Research proposal: outline of sources, timeline, and methodology. ‍
• Literature review: a critical aspect of your dissertation, which is why it's wise to seek help writing dissertation from professionals like us. With our assistance, you can save time and relax knowing your paper's quality is top-notch. ‍
• Methodology: presenting results with precision and clarity - we ensure your methodology chapter is organized and detailed. ‍
• Introduction: captivate your reader with a compelling introduction that makes a strong first impression. ‍
• Discussion: emphasize the significance of your research - show the relevance of your findings in this crucial chapter.

Ease of hiring a dissertation writer

Standard structure compliance – The writers working for us strictly comply with the standard requirements, as well as the structure and quality of your dissertation.

Diligence – Writers perform their due diligent when researching and maintaining the consistency of an overall paper in every section.

Attention to detail – The concepts conveyed in your dissertation will be logical and evidence-based. Every online dissertation writer pays attention to the smallest details.

Always on task – When using our online dissertation writing services, you get an account through which you can track every single step of the writing process. Transparency is guaranteed at every stage. Say goodbye to uncertainty and hello to high-quality dissertation writing help.

Professional dissertation writing services at your convinience

EssayPro offers top-tier Ph.D. dissertation help and a thesis writing service , helping you reach high standards in your explanation as to what makes your dissertation Ph.D.-worthy.

Formatting: Proper formatting is essential when it comes to high-quality pieces. Knowing how to cite your sources and how to structure your paper correctly are the necessary criteria for having your dissertation accepted. Contact our dissertation writers to help you with a full or partial dissertation paper.

Review: If you already have a dissertation paper written, you’re always better off having it reviewed professionally. We can assist you with fact-checking, structure, and help you achieve a higher standard of quality writing. You always have the option of asking us for assistance at any stage of writing.

Help from professional dissertation writers with Ph.D.s

At EssayPro, our writing team consists of highly skilled and knowledgeable experts who are dedicated to delivering top academic services for students.

• 24/7 availability of over 100 writers We have a large pool of writers, ensuring that there's always someone available to take on your "write my dissertation for me" project. Find an expert that matches your specific needs and requirements.
• Expert dissertation help from Ph.D. holders Dissertations require a high level of expertise and attention to detail. That's why we've assembled a team of Ph.D. graduates with the necessary skills and experience to provide cheap dissertation writing services without compromising quality.
• Close collaboration with writers Our writers will work closely with you to ensure that your dissertation writing experience is as seamless as possible. Simply reach out to our support team to request writing assistance.
• Access to scientific resources and analytical tools Our writers have access to various scientific databases and analytical tools, such as SPSS or Stata, allowing them to handle any type of research-related task with ease.

What makes our dissertation service different?

• Round-the-clock support At EssayPro, you are constantly connected with your writer. This is because we understand that last-minute changes and new requirements may arise and require immediate attention. You can rest easy knowing that your writer is always accessible.
• Data security guaranteed Clients trust our dissertation writing services and choose to return because they know that any personal information shared between us is kept safe.
• Ensuring originality Many "do my dissertation" services use generic templates, resell pre-written essays, and often do both. At EssayPro, we go above and beyond by providing custom-written content that is highly original. Our writers start from scratch, avoiding the use of any templates or pre-made work. Additionally, we run every written paper through plagiarism detection tools to ensure that our work meets high standards of originality.
• Committed to punctuality Meeting deadlines is a top priority at EssayPro. Our goal is to provide you with online dissertation help as quickly as possible while ensuring that it arrives before your required date. You can count on us to write a dissertation for you promptly and efficiently, allowing you to focus on other priorities.

Thank you for your interest in our company.

Unfortunately, we are not hiring writers now due to low season.

We will be glad to review your application in the future.

Dissertation writing services

Place an order right now to start saving time

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Benefits and guarantees

Instructions are followed

Money-back is guaranteed

Deadlines are met

Confidentiality is ensured

Original content is provided

Support is available 24/7

Prices and services

Prices start at $13.99/page and depend on the page count, deadline, and writer's level

Included services

You’ll always get them for free

Reference page

Additional services

You can add them for an extra payment

Early draft

+15% to the price

1-Page abstract

from $13.99

VIP support

Detailed outline

Fill out the form to see prices

• 10K+ orders are completed monthly
• 86% of customers have improved their grades
• 9/10 of orders are delivered before their deadlines

Services we offer for your flawless dissertation

Our dissertation service enhances your educational experience by customizing every paper to fit your specific needs, utilizing our expertise to boost your academic achievements.

• Comprehensive writing
• Editing and review
• Specific section writing

From creating a hypothesis, reviewing relevant literature, completing the final version, and adjusting citations. This service perfectly suits empirical research, theoretical exploration, or scientific reports.

We assure improved clarity, consistency, and academic precision. It ideally suits refining extensive research projects, detailed analytical reports, and complex theoretical papers.

Crafting detailed abstracts, creating detailed methodologies, performing in-depth literature reviews, or analyzing complex data in discussions. Get customized support for all important parts!

Thousands of reviews from happy students

200K+ students have entrusted their papers to us

The order was a scientific research paper. It's just mind-blowing! Nothing superfluous, all on point, many of my questions were answered. Probably the best website I have ever been to!

I used their services for help with a term paper, and I am satisfied with the services provided. The writer assigned to my task was knowledgeable and delivered a well-researched paper.

My experience with this service was truly fantastic. The writer I collaborated with showcased exceptional skills, delivering a flawless research paper.

This essay writing service, Edubirdie, made communication easy. They understood my requirements and delivered an outstanding dissertation. Trustworthy service!

Writers from their platform at Edubirdie produce good-quality papers. Minor grammar issues, but overall well-researched and informative. Appreciate their service.

Was happy to see I got an A on my final research paper for my first time using Edubirdie. Can definitely see myself using it again in the future

Great paper. Nice timeline. Overall would do it again

Wonderful service, great customer support. A writer was suggested based on the skills needed. The writer communicated well and finished the paper in a timely base.

I was quickly matched with a writer! The paper was better than expected.

The main support chat was easy to manage and I really liked being able to choose the person to write my paper based on degrees and reviews.

Got a whole 7 page research paper in less then 6 hours. Absolutely phenomenal, thank you very much for your hard work. Very quick, no plagiarism or grammatical issues. Thank you again!

Writer delivered my paper within a few hours. Writer was very prompt and my research paper instructions were followed. Would definitely recommend!

Absolutely amazing at research papers!!!

Great work! Fast and and well researched!

Amazing ideas and in-depth research on the topic.

Your EduBirdie journey

1. Create an order

Fill out our order form to be matched with the best writers.

2. Choose a writer

Chat with the writers, compare prices, and make a choice.

3. Make a payment

The deposit will stay on your balance until the order is ready.

4. Get your paper

Read through your paper to make sure it’s just as you want it.

How EduBirdie dissertation writing service works

Topic clarification

Identifying and refining your research subject to fill the gap in existing literature.

In-depth literature review

Gathering data from credible academic sources to gain a deep field understanding.

Outline formation

Developing a research question and objectives to formulate a thesis and structure the paper.

Designing the methodology

Choosing between qualitative/quantitative/mixed methods for data collection and analysis procedures.

Data collection and analysis

Conducting experiments, surveys, interviews, or analyzing existing data to interpret the results.

Content development

Writing detailed and insightful sections with coherent narrative development throughout the document.

Critical analysis

Evaluating evidence and checking for coherence, argument strength, and academic rigor.

Conclusion and final edits

Ensuring information is summed up and clear by perfecting grammar, style, and citations.

Boost your paper with expert support at every stage

Benefits of EduBirdie clients

At EduBirdie, we're dedicated to helping you excel in your studies. Here's how we make it happen:

Custom approach

We ensure content accuracy and relevance to your topic, crafting dissertations specifically for you to meet your standards and academic requirements.

Easy communication

You can talk directly to your writer. This makes it simple to share your ideas and ask questions. It helps us make sure you get exactly what you need.

Unlimited revisions

Request improvements until completely satisfied. If you need changes, we're here to make them until your dissertation is just right.

Exceptional writing dissertation services from EduBirdie

Having an academic degree is the most important employers’ qualification when looking for potential applicants. Before getting your dream job, one has to actually get a diploma, and it’s impossible without producing a thoughtful, complex dissertation. Many students have to work part-time in addition to keeping up with their studies. Sustaining such a busy schedule can be extremely difficult. Writing a dissertation requires putting social life on hold and dedicating yourself to months of research, planning, writing, and extensive legwork. If you feel stressed and on the verge of a breakdown, maybe it’s time to ask for assistance.

Table of content

• Why it's better to choose our dissertation writing service
• Discover Edubirdie - the best dissertation writing service for you

What types of dissertation can you assist me with?

• What sets Edubirdie dissertation services apart?

Choose the best dissertation writer

How to place an order.

• Pay for dissertation only when you're satisfied
• Request professional essay writer help  now.

EduBirdie provides nothing but really excellent academic writing services. You can ask for a chapter, dissertation proposal writing help, conclusion, or an entire paper, and work of the highest quality will be delivered by your deadline. We hire only professional dissertation writers with extensive experience in various writing fields. Our dissertation service helps students from all over the world who struggle to complete their academic papers, and we’ll happily assist you with writing.

"Will you write my dissertation for me?" is a question we hear often, and every time, we reply with a confident “YES!”

Why it’s better to choose our dissertation writing service

Many advantages distinguish our company from the rest. We don’t simply promise something; we always fulfill it. If a student chooses our best dissertation writing service online, what can they expect?

Discover Edubirdie - the best dissertation writing service for you.

If right now you are looking for someone who can do your dissertation , then you are in the right place - we are glad to welcome you to the pages of EduBirdie!

We personally assessed and checked each author on dissertation writing. This is why our rating is trusted by the majority of users who need dissertation writing services .

When you order a dissertation and choose a writer who will work on your paper, they instantly start researching and gathering all the required data. We choose relevant sources and develop an outline. All steps of the dissertation writing are followed to provide you with the best results only.

First, your writer creates an introduction where your topic is presented. All important points of research should be mentioned to illustrate the subject of the dissertation further. Then there is a literature review when your expert analyzes sources they’ve chosen, comparing and contrasting them to build logical conclusions. In the methodology section, the writer lists all of the actions and techniques they’re going to take and thoroughly explains their reasoning. Results section consists of the analysis and summary of the research. The discussion section features the revelations and implications obtained, and the conclusion provides a thoughtful summary of the entire body of work.

Another reason why EduBirdie is the best option for thesis writing help is the range of subjects we cover. Whatever type of work you need, whatever your field is, we’ll meet your needs. We have the most diverse group of specialists working for us.

But simply listing the benefits EduBirdie professional dissertation service offers isn’t enough. Let’s examine them in detail by referring to buy thesis or dissertation: A step-by-step guide.

Ph.D. Dissertation writing services

When you choose us, you’re guaranteed to get a unique, elaborate work that’ll leave your audience captivated. Each writer has extensive experience, a sharp mind with fresh perspectives. Our approach to dissertation writing is 100% unique and everything is written from scratch. We have no collection of pre-written works. You are also free to specify any personal requests or instructions. For example, you might want certain sources to be used or wish to preview a completed draft. Your writer will accommodate and incorporate everything into your final paper, just provide them with all necessary files and/or instructions.

How can I easily order the services of dissertation writers?

To easily order dissertation help services on EduBirdie, follow these steps:

Visit the Website

Sign up or log in (edubirdie login), place your dissertation order, select a writer, communicate with the writer, receive and review your dissertation, finalize the order, leave feedback, use our cheap dissertation writing services 24/7.

Whether you’re relaxing on a beach or socializing at a packed event, we’ll be available 24/7. Nowadays, having the right credentials is a big part of advancing your career. Being concerned about the quality of your writing due to your busy lifestyle is natural. Let us take some of the responsibility off your shoulders by writing do my assignment . Send us a message online or call one of our office managers. We’ll be happy to answer any questions and offer prompt solutions. Day or night, it doesn’t matter, our cheap dissertation writing service is always there for you in an instant. 

Can someone write a dessirtation online for me?

Yes, of course you find cheap  online dissertation writing services #1 here. At Edu Birdie, we place your needs at the forefront. Our goal is to ensure that the dissertation writing process is highly personalized and completely transparent, providing you with a tailor-made solution that perfectly aligns with your specific requirements.

If your current request is “write my dissertation”, then on the EduBirdie website you can get the following dissertation help:

• Doctoral Dissertations: These are comprehensive research projects required for earning a doctoral degree (Ph.D. or similar).
• Master's Theses: For those pursuing a master's degree, a thesis is often required, which is similar in scope to a dissertation.
• Undergraduate Dissertations: Some undergraduate programs may require a dissertation as a final project, usually on a smaller scale than graduate-level work.
• Research Proposals: We can help you with crafting a proposal for your dissertation, outlining the research questions and methodology.
• Literature Reviews: If you need a literature review as part of your dissertation, we can assist in conducting thorough literature searches and summarizing relevant studies.
• Methodology and Data Analysis: We can help with designing research methodologies and analyzing data for your dissertation.

Editing and Proofreading: If you've already written your dissertation but need assistance with proofreading, we can help ensure it is well-polished and error-free.

• Custom Research and Writing: If you need assistance in developing the entire dissertation, we can help you with research, writing, and formatting based on your requirements.

What sets EduBirdie disertation services apart?

Wondering what makes our online dissertation help service stand out? We've got some key features that set us apart:

• 24/7 Support: At EduBirdie, you can count on round-the-clock support. We understand that last-minute changes and new requirements can pop up, and our system ensures that you're always connected with your assigned writer. No need to worry; they're just a message away.
• Guaranteed Confidentiality: Our clients trust us for a reason. We take confidentiality seriously. We don't share any of your information with third parties, and we store it securely. Your collaboration with us is kept private.
• Original Content: Unlike many other "do my dissertation" services, we don't rely on generic templates or resell pre-written work. Our writers start from scratch to deliver custom-written content, ensuring it's free of duplicate material. We also run every paper through plagiarism detection tools to maintain high standards of originality.
• Punctuality Matters: Meeting deadlines is a top priority at EduBirdie. We aim to provide online dissertation help as quickly as possible, ensuring it arrives before your required date. Count on us to write your dissertation promptly, so you can focus on other important tasks.

Select writers who you think will do the best job and contact them directly. Our professional writers go through a strict screening process that determines their knowledge and experience. Our employees have MBA and Ph.D. diplomas in diverse areas of study. So, to choose the best academic writing assistant, check out our professional writers’ profiles yourself. Read the reviews left by other customers and check the number of orders they’ve successfully completed. Then choose the writer you feel is best for your project.

Our ordering process is very simple. Just fill out the form and include everything about your project. What type of subject do you need? What is the deadline? How many pages do you need, and what educational level is required? Even formatting style, the number of sources — mention everything you deem important to help your writer deliver the highest quality outcome. You can also contact us directly to make an order. We make the process convenient!

Pay for dissertation only when you’re satisfied

You can request an unlimited amount of revisions once you’ve received your final version. We’ll work tirelessly to edit your dissertation and re-edit the parts you’ve mentioned until you are completely satisfied. Only when you are happy with the outcome, will the money be released to the writer. When you purchase our dissertation writing service online , all your requirements will be met. In a rare case that you are still not satisfied, we have a full refund policy. It’s simple, straightforward, and swift.

You can also track your assignment progress online. If you have any questions, comments, or concerns, don’t hesitate to contact your writer and make sure that all aspects are clear to both of you.

Request professional dissertation writing help now

Our professional writers’ talent is unmatched, and the paper you receive will be 100% authentic and carefully researched. Whether you are a professional, college, or university student; we have the best team at your disposal and can effectively correspond to all writing levels.

If you're wondering How will I write my dissertation and need professional help, EduBirdie.com offers academic writing services, starting with just $13.99 per page for the dissertation. Our dissertation help is both affordable and of high quality. Save your time, spare your nerves, control the writing creation, and get the best results from the professional dissertation writers who are experts in their field.

Order any essay or paper

• Research paper
• Essay (any type)
• Admission essay
• Scholarship essay
• Annotated bibliography
• Research proposal
• Presentation
• Capstone project
• Dissertation
• Personal statement
• Nursing paper

Frequently Asked Questions

There is literally no chance that you will be caught using our service. Our writers provide unique papers written in accordance with your academic level style. Also, we secure the privacy of our customers and make sure that orders written by our writers will never be shared or published online.

If you want to place an order on our platform, you should fill in a special form with all the essential information about it. After that, place your deposit that will be paid to a writer in case you are satisfied with his or her work. If you have any questions, you can always contact our customer support service.

Our professional writers can work with any sources of information required for the assignment. All you have to do is to specify such sources in the instructions and, if possible, attach them or their links to the order.

Our dissertation writers always aim at the highest quality, but nobody is secure from mistakes. If your deadline is missed or the received paper does not meet your requirements, you may contact our support service and request your money back.

Have more questions?

Mary , Head of Support

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Custom dissertation writing service

Ditch the stress! Get dissertation help from us and enjoy your academic journey hassle-free.

Best-in-class dissertation writers

Meet our handpicked experts, offering personalized dissertation support. Choose with confidence because our professional dissertation writers shine through their track records and stellar reviews! Enjoy personalized one-on-one dissertation writing assistance.

Why choose our dissertation writing services

Expert approach.

Welcome to academic excellence with Studyfy, where we master the art of dissertation writing. With unwavering expertise, expect top-tier dissertations, no matter the complexity. We will rise to the challenge!

Personalized and high-quality output

We're choosy about our writers and vet them thoroughly. Our core values: personalized, original, and top-notch work. We strive for excellence and uniqueness. Your academic journey is guaranteed 100% plagiarism-free.

Affordable Prices

Unlock top-notch service at fair prices. We value quality work without excessive costs. Enjoy discounts for more pages and longer deadlines. Collaboration made advantageous starting at $12.35 per page.

Comprehensive Assistance

Opt for us, and you get a full dissertation package. Inclusive: authenticity report, citations, bibliography, title, outline, and formatting. Our experts cover diverse fields for your specialized needs.

Free features

Dissertation writing service order completion - easy steps, send us your dissertation requirements.

Provide your order details and upload essential materials like grading rubrics or writing guidelines for completion. Remember, detailed requirements lead to better results. Your input shapes the perfect outcome.

Choose a dissertation writer

Make your choice: explore customer feedback from our reviews page. Compare author experience and ratings to choose the most qualified expert for optimal results. Your success is in your hands.

Finalize payment when everything’s done

Receive a notification when your custom dissertation is ready. Download your work and make the payment. Your journey to success is almost complete!

Studyfy for dissertation writing and beyond

• Research Paper
• Presentation or Speech
• Annotated Bibliography
• Article Review
• Literature Review
• Business Plan
• Research Proposal
• Book / Movie Review
• Editing and proofreading
• Reflective Writing
• Thesis / Dissertation
• Admission Essay
• Creative Writing
• Critical Thinking / Review
• Book Reviews
• Homework Assignment
• Statistics Assignment
• Physics Assignment
• Engineering Assignment
• Biology Assignment
• Chemistry Assignment
• Math Assignment
• Geography Assignment
• Multiple Choice Questions
• Short Answer Questions
• Word Problems

Hear from others: reviews on our professional dissertation writers

Seeking the ultimate dissertation service? Dive into our reviews page and join the thriving students crushing it with our help!

I have made multiple orders and never had a negative experience with this service. Good prices and competent writers who create original papers quickly. No need to look for another website, everything you need is right here.

Fantastic dissertation writing service! I passed my course thanks to not just my writer, but the customer support and QA teams, who were able to look over my work and make sure everything was perfect. You guys are the best!

It was not just a matter of them writing an assignment based on my requirements. They also took into account my ideas and wrote in a style similar to mine based on a writing sample I gave. Excellent stuff!

I don't know how they do such great original essays for a low price, but I don't feel the need to question it ;) Everything came before my deadline and customer support answered my initial questions within a minute - very impressive.

You were recommended as one of the best dissertation writing services, so I had high expectations... luckily, I wasn't disappointed. Everything was as advertised, and my writer was really skilled and communicative.

Best dissertation writing services I have come across. My writer provided my paper two days before the deadline we agreed, which meant I had extra time to double check. We discussed one section and she made some changes for free! Thank you!

See what else we offer!

Frequently asked questions, will my dissertation be original, what should i do if there is a problem with my dissertation, will my dissertation definitely be delivered on time, how much will your expert dissertation services cost me, how can i choose my dissertation writer, can i trust your service regarding the privacy issues, table of content ‍.

📚Custom dissertation writing service – quality guaranteed

🎓Hire a professional dissertation writer How to find the best dissertation service?

🔍How to find the best dissertation service?

🚀Essential steps to achieve success in dissertation writing

💡 Get reliable PhD dissertation help from Studyfy writers

🛠️Easy steps to follow to leverage our PhD dissertation writing service

🧩Components of a Ph.D. dissertation

⛓️PhD dissertation writing services break the shackles of stress

‍ Custom dissertation writing service – quality guaranteed

Need to buy a dissertation ASAP? Welcome to the pinnacle of custom dissertation writing services! Our reputation shines through the glowing testimonials of our delighted clients. We take immense pride in our dedicated team, as evidenced by our loyal customers.

Our promise to you is dissertation assistance like no other, underpinned by a skilled cadre of experts brimming with the knowledge and talent needed to realize your academic aspirations. Count on our experts for your Ph.D. journey. We will create a masterpiece that will impress your professors and earn you a stellar grade.

When you entrust us with your dissertation, we walk hand in hand with your vision, carefully following your specific guidelines. We craft excellence based on your explicit requirements—topic, references, style, grading, pages, deadline. Partner with dissertation writing service at every stage, from writing the literature review to crafting the citations and bibliography.

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Dissertation Structure & Layout 101: How to structure your dissertation, thesis or research project.

By: Derek Jansen (MBA) Reviewed By: David Phair (PhD) | July 2019

So, you’ve got a decent understanding of what a dissertation is , you’ve chosen your topic and hopefully you’ve received approval for your research proposal . Awesome! Now its time to start the actual dissertation or thesis writing journey.

To craft a high-quality document, the very first thing you need to understand is dissertation structure . In this post, we’ll walk you through the generic dissertation structure and layout, step by step. We’ll start with the big picture, and then zoom into each chapter to briefly discuss the core contents. If you’re just starting out on your research journey, you should start with this post, which covers the big-picture process of how to write a dissertation or thesis .

*The Caveat *

In this post, we’ll be discussing a traditional dissertation/thesis structure and layout, which is generally used for social science research across universities, whether in the US, UK, Europe or Australia. However, some universities may have small variations on this structure (extra chapters, merged chapters, slightly different ordering, etc).

So, always check with your university if they have a prescribed structure or layout that they expect you to work with. If not, it’s safe to assume the structure we’ll discuss here is suitable. And even if they do have a prescribed structure, you’ll still get value from this post as we’ll explain the core contents of each section.  

Overview: S tructuring a dissertation or thesis

• Acknowledgements page
• Abstract (or executive summary)
• Table of contents , list of figures and tables
• Chapter 1: Introduction
• Chapter 2: Literature review
• Chapter 3: Methodology
• Chapter 4: Results
• Chapter 5: Discussion
• Chapter 6: Conclusion
• Reference list

As I mentioned, some universities will have slight variations on this structure. For example, they want an additional “personal reflection chapter”, or they might prefer the results and discussion chapter to be merged into one. Regardless, the overarching flow will always be the same, as this flow reflects the research process , which we discussed here – i.e.:

• The introduction chapter presents the core research question and aims .
• The literature review chapter assesses what the current research says about this question.
• The methodology, results and discussion chapters go about undertaking new research about this question.
• The conclusion chapter (attempts to) answer the core research question .

In other words, the dissertation structure and layout reflect the research process of asking a well-defined question(s), investigating, and then answering the question – see below.

To restate that – the structure and layout of a dissertation reflect the flow of the overall research process . This is essential to understand, as each chapter will make a lot more sense if you “get” this concept. If you’re not familiar with the research process, read this post before going further.

Right. Now that we’ve covered the big picture, let’s dive a little deeper into the details of each section and chapter. Oh and by the way, you can also grab our free dissertation/thesis template here to help speed things up.

The title page of your dissertation is the very first impression the marker will get of your work, so it pays to invest some time thinking about your title. But what makes for a good title? A strong title needs to be 3 things:

• Succinct (not overly lengthy or verbose)
• Specific (not vague or ambiguous)
• Representative of the research you’re undertaking (clearly linked to your research questions)

Typically, a good title includes mention of the following:

• The broader area of the research (i.e. the overarching topic)
• The specific focus of your research (i.e. your specific context)
• Indication of research design (e.g. quantitative , qualitative , or  mixed methods ).

For example:

A quantitative investigation [research design] into the antecedents of organisational trust [broader area] in the UK retail forex trading market [specific context/area of focus].

Again, some universities may have specific requirements regarding the format and structure of the title, so it’s worth double-checking expectations with your institution (if there’s no mention in the brief or study material).

Acknowledgements

This page provides you with an opportunity to say thank you to those who helped you along your research journey. Generally, it’s optional (and won’t count towards your marks), but it is academic best practice to include this.

So, who do you say thanks to? Well, there’s no prescribed requirements, but it’s common to mention the following people:

• Your dissertation supervisor or committee.
• Any professors, lecturers or academics that helped you understand the topic or methodologies.
• Any tutors, mentors or advisors.
• Your family and friends, especially spouse (for adult learners studying part-time).

There’s no need for lengthy rambling. Just state who you’re thankful to and for what (e.g. thank you to my supervisor, John Doe, for his endless patience and attentiveness) – be sincere. In terms of length, you should keep this to a page or less.

Abstract or executive summary

The dissertation abstract (or executive summary for some degrees) serves to provide the first-time reader (and marker or moderator) with a big-picture view of your research project. It should give them an understanding of the key insights and findings from the research, without them needing to read the rest of the report – in other words, it should be able to stand alone .

For it to stand alone, your abstract should cover the following key points (at a minimum):

• Your research questions and aims – what key question(s) did your research aim to answer?
• Your methodology – how did you go about investigating the topic and finding answers to your research question(s)?
• Your findings – following your own research, what did do you discover?
• Your conclusions – based on your findings, what conclusions did you draw? What answers did you find to your research question(s)?

So, in much the same way the dissertation structure mimics the research process, your abstract or executive summary should reflect the research process, from the initial stage of asking the original question to the final stage of answering that question.

In practical terms, it’s a good idea to write this section up last , once all your core chapters are complete. Otherwise, you’ll end up writing and rewriting this section multiple times (just wasting time). For a step by step guide on how to write a strong executive summary, check out this post .

Need a helping hand?

Table of contents

This section is straightforward. You’ll typically present your table of contents (TOC) first, followed by the two lists – figures and tables. I recommend that you use Microsoft Word’s automatic table of contents generator to generate your TOC. If you’re not familiar with this functionality, the video below explains it simply:

If you find that your table of contents is overly lengthy, consider removing one level of depth. Oftentimes, this can be done without detracting from the usefulness of the TOC.

Right, now that the “admin” sections are out of the way, its time to move on to your core chapters. These chapters are the heart of your dissertation and are where you’ll earn the marks. The first chapter is the introduction chapter – as you would expect, this is the time to introduce your research…

It’s important to understand that even though you’ve provided an overview of your research in your abstract, your introduction needs to be written as if the reader has not read that (remember, the abstract is essentially a standalone document). So, your introduction chapter needs to start from the very beginning, and should address the following questions:

• What will you be investigating (in plain-language, big picture-level)?
• Why is that worth investigating? How is it important to academia or business? How is it sufficiently original?
• What are your research aims and research question(s)? Note that the research questions can sometimes be presented at the end of the literature review (next chapter).
• What is the scope of your study? In other words, what will and won’t you cover ?
• How will you approach your research? In other words, what methodology will you adopt?
• How will you structure your dissertation? What are the core chapters and what will you do in each of them?

These are just the bare basic requirements for your intro chapter. Some universities will want additional bells and whistles in the intro chapter, so be sure to carefully read your brief or consult your research supervisor.

If done right, your introduction chapter will set a clear direction for the rest of your dissertation. Specifically, it will make it clear to the reader (and marker) exactly what you’ll be investigating, why that’s important, and how you’ll be going about the investigation. Conversely, if your introduction chapter leaves a first-time reader wondering what exactly you’ll be researching, you’ve still got some work to do.

Now that you’ve set a clear direction with your introduction chapter, the next step is the literature review . In this section, you will analyse the existing research (typically academic journal articles and high-quality industry publications), with a view to understanding the following questions:

• What does the literature currently say about the topic you’re investigating?
• Is the literature lacking or well established? Is it divided or in disagreement?
• How does your research fit into the bigger picture?
• How does your research contribute something original?
• How does the methodology of previous studies help you develop your own?

Depending on the nature of your study, you may also present a conceptual framework towards the end of your literature review, which you will then test in your actual research.

Again, some universities will want you to focus on some of these areas more than others, some will have additional or fewer requirements, and so on. Therefore, as always, its important to review your brief and/or discuss with your supervisor, so that you know exactly what’s expected of your literature review chapter.

Now that you’ve investigated the current state of knowledge in your literature review chapter and are familiar with the existing key theories, models and frameworks, its time to design your own research. Enter the methodology chapter – the most “science-ey” of the chapters…

In this chapter, you need to address two critical questions:

• Exactly HOW will you carry out your research (i.e. what is your intended research design)?
• Exactly WHY have you chosen to do things this way (i.e. how do you justify your design)?

Remember, the dissertation part of your degree is first and foremost about developing and demonstrating research skills . Therefore, the markers want to see that you know which methods to use, can clearly articulate why you’ve chosen then, and know how to deploy them effectively.

Importantly, this chapter requires detail – don’t hold back on the specifics. State exactly what you’ll be doing, with who, when, for how long, etc. Moreover, for every design choice you make, make sure you justify it.

In practice, you will likely end up coming back to this chapter once you’ve undertaken all your data collection and analysis, and revise it based on changes you made during the analysis phase. This is perfectly fine. Its natural for you to add an additional analysis technique, scrap an old one, etc based on where your data lead you. Of course, I’m talking about small changes here – not a fundamental switch from qualitative to quantitative, which will likely send your supervisor in a spin!

You’ve now collected your data and undertaken your analysis, whether qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods. In this chapter, you’ll present the raw results of your analysis . For example, in the case of a quant study, you’ll present the demographic data, descriptive statistics, inferential statistics , etc.

Typically, Chapter 4 is simply a presentation and description of the data, not a discussion of the meaning of the data. In other words, it’s descriptive, rather than analytical – the meaning is discussed in Chapter 5. However, some universities will want you to combine chapters 4 and 5, so that you both present and interpret the meaning of the data at the same time. Check with your institution what their preference is.

Now that you’ve presented the data analysis results, its time to interpret and analyse them. In other words, its time to discuss what they mean, especially in relation to your research question(s).

What you discuss here will depend largely on your chosen methodology. For example, if you’ve gone the quantitative route, you might discuss the relationships between variables . If you’ve gone the qualitative route, you might discuss key themes and the meanings thereof. It all depends on what your research design choices were.

Most importantly, you need to discuss your results in relation to your research questions and aims, as well as the existing literature. What do the results tell you about your research questions? Are they aligned with the existing research or at odds? If so, why might this be? Dig deep into your findings and explain what the findings suggest, in plain English.

The final chapter – you’ve made it! Now that you’ve discussed your interpretation of the results, its time to bring it back to the beginning with the conclusion chapter . In other words, its time to (attempt to) answer your original research question s (from way back in chapter 1). Clearly state what your conclusions are in terms of your research questions. This might feel a bit repetitive, as you would have touched on this in the previous chapter, but its important to bring the discussion full circle and explicitly state your answer(s) to the research question(s).

Next, you’ll typically discuss the implications of your findings . In other words, you’ve answered your research questions – but what does this mean for the real world (or even for academia)? What should now be done differently, given the new insight you’ve generated?

Lastly, you should discuss the limitations of your research, as well as what this means for future research in the area. No study is perfect, especially not a Masters-level. Discuss the shortcomings of your research. Perhaps your methodology was limited, perhaps your sample size was small or not representative, etc, etc. Don’t be afraid to critique your work – the markers want to see that you can identify the limitations of your work. This is a strength, not a weakness. Be brutal!

This marks the end of your core chapters – woohoo! From here on out, it’s pretty smooth sailing.

The reference list is straightforward. It should contain a list of all resources cited in your dissertation, in the required format, e.g. APA , Harvard, etc.

It’s essential that you use reference management software for your dissertation. Do NOT try handle your referencing manually – its far too error prone. On a reference list of multiple pages, you’re going to make mistake. To this end, I suggest considering either Mendeley or Zotero. Both are free and provide a very straightforward interface to ensure that your referencing is 100% on point. I’ve included a simple how-to video for the Mendeley software (my personal favourite) below:

Some universities may ask you to include a bibliography, as opposed to a reference list. These two things are not the same . A bibliography is similar to a reference list, except that it also includes resources which informed your thinking but were not directly cited in your dissertation. So, double-check your brief and make sure you use the right one.

The very last piece of the puzzle is the appendix or set of appendices. This is where you’ll include any supporting data and evidence. Importantly, supporting is the keyword here.

Your appendices should provide additional “nice to know”, depth-adding information, which is not critical to the core analysis. Appendices should not be used as a way to cut down word count (see this post which covers how to reduce word count ). In other words, don’t place content that is critical to the core analysis here, just to save word count. You will not earn marks on any content in the appendices, so don’t try to play the system!

Time to recap…

And there you have it – the traditional dissertation structure and layout, from A-Z. To recap, the core structure for a dissertation or thesis is (typically) as follows:

• Acknowledgments page

Most importantly, the core chapters should reflect the research process (asking, investigating and answering your research question). Moreover, the research question(s) should form the golden thread throughout your dissertation structure. Everything should revolve around the research questions, and as you’ve seen, they should form both the start point (i.e. introduction chapter) and the endpoint (i.e. conclusion chapter).

I hope this post has provided you with clarity about the traditional dissertation/thesis structure and layout. If you have any questions or comments, please leave a comment below, or feel free to get in touch with us. Also, be sure to check out the rest of the  Grad Coach Blog .

Psst... there’s more!

This post was based on one of our popular Research Bootcamps . If you're working on a research project, you'll definitely want to check this out ...

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36 Comments

many thanks i found it very useful

Glad to hear that, Arun. Good luck writing your dissertation.

Such clear practical logical advice. I very much needed to read this to keep me focused in stead of fretting.. Perfect now ready to start my research!

what about scientific fields like computer or engineering thesis what is the difference in the structure? thank you very much

Thanks so much this helped me a lot!

Very helpful and accessible. What I like most is how practical the advice is along with helpful tools/ links.

Thanks Ade!

Thank you so much sir.. It was really helpful..

You’re welcome!

Hi! How many words maximum should contain the abstract?

Thank you so much 😊 Find this at the right moment

You’re most welcome. Good luck with your dissertation.

best ever benefit i got on right time thank you

Many times Clarity and vision of destination of dissertation is what makes the difference between good ,average and great researchers the same way a great automobile driver is fast with clarity of address and Clear weather conditions .

I guess Great researcher = great ideas + knowledge + great and fast data collection and modeling + great writing + high clarity on all these

You have given immense clarity from start to end.

Morning. Where will I write the definitions of what I’m referring to in my report?

Thank you so much Derek, I was almost lost! Thanks a tonnnn! Have a great day!

Thanks ! so concise and valuable

This was very helpful. Clear and concise. I know exactly what to do now.

Thank you for allowing me to go through briefly. I hope to find time to continue.

Really useful to me. Thanks a thousand times

Very interesting! It will definitely set me and many more for success. highly recommended.

Thank you soo much sir, for the opportunity to express my skills

Usefull, thanks a lot. Really clear

Very nice and easy to understand. Thank you .

That was incredibly useful. Thanks Grad Coach Crew!

My stress level just dropped at least 15 points after watching this. Just starting my thesis for my grad program and I feel a lot more capable now! Thanks for such a clear and helpful video, Emma and the GradCoach team!

Do we need to mention the number of words the dissertation contains in the main document?

It depends on your university’s requirements, so it would be best to check with them 🙂

Such a helpful post to help me get started with structuring my masters dissertation, thank you!

Great video; I appreciate that helpful information

It is so necessary or avital course

This blog is very informative for my research. Thank you

Doctoral students are required to fill out the National Research Council’s Survey of Earned Doctorates

wow this is an amazing gain in my life

This is so good

How can i arrange my specific objectives in my dissertation?

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Dissertation writing: how to succeed

Writing a dissertation as a key to the future.

When proceeding with the studies your academic works are becoming more and more complicated. The final stage of it a dissertation. A word that most postgraduate students are afraid of. Writing a dissertation is a challenge, as normally you should start as soon as possible. Choose the topic, do a research, choose methodology, read literature and study sources to outcome with your own huge work. When we say huge we mean it. Unlike any other paper dissertation usually contains between 10.000 and 20.000 words. Doesn't seem like a task to do overnight!

Can you refuse to write one? Yes, of course, but you won't be getting a degree in this case. Receiving a diploma in a post-graduate studying is more than embarrassing. Future employers will see that immediately. That's why dissertation writing should your final step to a successful career and highly paid job. How to perform this task correctly? There are 2 ways.

First, you can start early. Choose the topic and work hard. Spend sleepless nights and forget about friends and having fun. No joking, plenty of people sacrifice a lot to write a worthy dissertation! If you're not ready to do that, there's a second way.

Dissertation writing services will do everything for you. Skilled and talented writers fond the best topic, do the research and work on the format. As a result, you'll get a file ready to be handed to your professor.

Tips on how to write a dissertation without nervous breakdown

Still not sure whether you need it? Then, let's learn more about it. You can find 1001 advice on how to compose a winning paper, but they won't be working. Why's that? Lack of writing skills, lack of research, procrastination... Sounds familiar?

These are some helpful recommendations if you want to make everything yourself without dissertation writing help:

• Choose the topic or a problems that seems the most interesting for you. Probably, you've started your studies not just for getting a degree.
• Think of your work bringing help to the society. It's an important psychological factor. When you do something for the national or even global benefit, you'll get more more strength to finish.
• Don't think of how to write a dissertation, think more of finding the solution. Let your notes and research be messy, you can structure them later.
• Consult your mentor or a professor. They are here to help, not just grade your work.
• Start early, don't expect to finish a large piece of academic writing in a week.

If you still aren't confident in your skills, use a professional help and enjoy the work to be done by others.

What's important for dissertation?

There are some certain things that are essential for each paper. First, it's a proper format and structure. Your work should be logical. Second, it's a research itself. Work with information, deep analysis are important. Third, it's the originality. Using sourcing and literature, don't copy the thoughts and ideas, make your own conclusions out of them.

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• Dissertation

What Is a Dissertation? | 5 Essential Questions to Get Started

Published on 26 March 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on 5 May 2022.

A dissertation is a large research project undertaken at the end of a degree. It involves in-depth consideration of a problem or question chosen by the student. It is usually the largest (and final) piece of written work produced during a degree.

The length and structure of a dissertation vary widely depending on the level and field of study. However, there are some key questions that can help you understand the requirements and get started on your dissertation project.

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Table of contents

When and why do you have to write a dissertation, who will supervise your dissertation, what type of research will you do, how should your dissertation be structured, what formatting and referencing rules do you have to follow, frequently asked questions about dissertations.

A dissertation, sometimes called a thesis, comes at the end of an undergraduate or postgraduate degree. It is a larger project than the other essays you’ve written, requiring a higher word count and a greater depth of research.

You’ll generally work on your dissertation during the final year of your degree, over a longer period than you would take for a standard essay . For example, the dissertation might be your main focus for the last six months of your degree.

Why is the dissertation important?

The dissertation is a test of your capacity for independent research. You are given a lot of autonomy in writing your dissertation: you come up with your own ideas, conduct your own research, and write and structure the text by yourself.

This means that it is an important preparation for your future, whether you continue in academia or not: it teaches you to manage your own time, generate original ideas, and work independently.

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During the planning and writing of your dissertation, you’ll work with a supervisor from your department. The supervisor’s job is to give you feedback and advice throughout the process.

The dissertation supervisor is often assigned by the department, but you might be allowed to indicate preferences or approach potential supervisors. If so, try to pick someone who is familiar with your chosen topic, whom you get along with on a personal level, and whose feedback you’ve found useful in the past.

How will your supervisor help you?

Your supervisor is there to guide you through the dissertation project, but you’re still working independently. They can give feedback on your ideas, but not come up with ideas for you.

You may need to take the initiative to request an initial meeting with your supervisor. Then you can plan out your future meetings and set reasonable deadlines for things like completion of data collection, a structure outline, a first chapter, a first draft, and so on.

Make sure to prepare in advance for your meetings. Formulate your ideas as fully as you can, and determine where exactly you’re having difficulties so you can ask your supervisor for specific advice.

Your approach to your dissertation will vary depending on your field of study. The first thing to consider is whether you will do empirical research , which involves collecting original data, or non-empirical research , which involves analysing sources.

Empirical dissertations (sciences)

An empirical dissertation focuses on collecting and analysing original data. You’ll usually write this type of dissertation if you are studying a subject in the sciences or social sciences.

• What are airline workers’ attitudes towards the challenges posed for their industry by climate change?
• How effective is cognitive behavioural therapy in treating depression in young adults?
• What are the short-term health effects of switching from smoking cigarettes to e-cigarettes?

There are many different empirical research methods you can use to answer these questions – for example, experiments , observations, surveys , and interviews.

When doing empirical research, you need to consider things like the variables you will investigate, the reliability and validity of your measurements, and your sampling method . The aim is to produce robust, reproducible scientific knowledge.

Non-empirical dissertations (arts and humanities)

A non-empirical dissertation works with existing research or other texts, presenting original analysis, critique and argumentation, but no original data. This approach is typical of arts and humanities subjects.

• What attitudes did commentators in the British press take towards the French Revolution in 1789–1792?
• How do the themes of gender and inheritance intersect in Shakespeare’s Macbeth ?
• How did Plato’s Republic and Thomas More’s Utopia influence nineteenth century utopian socialist thought?

The first steps in this type of dissertation are to decide on your topic and begin collecting your primary and secondary sources .

Primary sources are the direct objects of your research. They give you first-hand evidence about your subject. Examples of primary sources include novels, artworks and historical documents.

Secondary sources provide information that informs your analysis. They describe, interpret, or evaluate information from primary sources. For example, you might consider previous analyses of the novel or author you are working on, or theoretical texts that you plan to apply to your primary sources.

Dissertations are divided into chapters and sections. Empirical dissertations usually follow a standard structure, while non-empirical dissertations are more flexible.

Structure of an empirical dissertation

Empirical dissertations generally include these chapters:

• Introduction : An explanation of your topic and the research question(s) you want to answer.
• Literature review : A survey and evaluation of previous research on your topic.
• Methodology : An explanation of how you collected and analysed your data.
• Results : A brief description of what you found.
• Discussion : Interpretation of what these results reveal.
• Conclusion : Answers to your research question(s) and summary of what your findings contribute to knowledge in your field.

Sometimes the order or naming of chapters might be slightly different, but all of the above information must be included in order to produce thorough, valid scientific research.

Other dissertation structures

If your dissertation doesn’t involve data collection, your structure is more flexible. You can think of it like an extended essay – the text should be logically organised in a way that serves your argument:

• Introduction: An explanation of your topic and the question(s) you want to answer.
• Main body: The development of your analysis, usually divided into 2–4 chapters.
• Conclusion: Answers to your research question(s) and summary of what your analysis contributes to knowledge in your field.

The chapters of the main body can be organised around different themes, time periods, or texts. Below you can see some example structures for dissertations in different subjects.

• Political philosophy

This example, on the topic of the British press’s coverage of the French Revolution, shows how you might structure each chapter around a specific theme.

This example, on the topic of Plato’s and More’s influences on utopian socialist thought, shows a different approach to dividing the chapters by theme.

This example, a master’s dissertation on the topic of how writers respond to persecution, shows how you can also use section headings within each chapter. Each of the three chapters deals with a specific text, while the sections are organised thematically.

Like other academic texts, it’s important that your dissertation follows the formatting guidelines set out by your university. You can lose marks unnecessarily over mistakes, so it’s worth taking the time to get all these elements right.

Formatting guidelines concern things like:

• line spacing
• page numbers
• punctuation
• title pages
• presentation of tables and figures

If you’re unsure about the formatting requirements, check with your supervisor or department. You can lose marks unnecessarily over mistakes, so it’s worth taking the time to get all these elements right.

How will you reference your sources?

Referencing means properly listing the sources you cite and refer to in your dissertation, so that the reader can find them. This avoids plagiarism by acknowledging where you’ve used the work of others.

Keep track of everything you read as you prepare your dissertation. The key information to note down for a reference is:

• The publication date
• Page numbers for the parts you refer to (especially when using direct quotes)

Different referencing styles each have their own specific rules for how to reference. The most commonly used styles in UK universities are listed below.

You can use the free APA Reference Generator to automatically create and store your references.

APA Reference Generator

The words ‘ dissertation ’ and ‘thesis’ both refer to a large written research project undertaken to complete a degree, but they are used differently depending on the country:

• In the UK, you write a dissertation at the end of a bachelor’s or master’s degree, and you write a thesis to complete a PhD.
• In the US, it’s the other way around: you may write a thesis at the end of a bachelor’s or master’s degree, and you write a dissertation to complete a PhD.

The main difference is in terms of scale – a dissertation is usually much longer than the other essays you complete during your degree.

Another key difference is that you are given much more independence when working on a dissertation. You choose your own dissertation topic , and you have to conduct the research and write the dissertation yourself (with some assistance from your supervisor).

Dissertation word counts vary widely across different fields, institutions, and levels of education:

• An undergraduate dissertation is typically 8,000–15,000 words
• A master’s dissertation is typically 12,000–50,000 words
• A PhD thesis is typically book-length: 70,000–100,000 words

However, none of these are strict guidelines – your word count may be lower or higher than the numbers stated here. Always check the guidelines provided by your university to determine how long your own dissertation should be.

At the bachelor’s and master’s levels, the dissertation is usually the main focus of your final year. You might work on it (alongside other classes) for the entirety of the final year, or for the last six months. This includes formulating an idea, doing the research, and writing up.

A PhD thesis takes a longer time, as the thesis is the main focus of the degree. A PhD thesis might be being formulated and worked on for the whole four years of the degree program. The writing process alone can take around 18 months.

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the ‘Cite this Scribbr article’ button to automatically add the citation to our free Reference Generator.

Caulfield, J. (2022, May 05). What Is a Dissertation? | 5 Essential Questions to Get Started. Scribbr. Retrieved 9 June 2024, from https://www.scribbr.co.uk/thesis-dissertation/what-is-a-dissertation/

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Thesis and Dissertation Guide

• « Thesis & Dissertation Resources
• The Graduate School Home

• Introduction

Copyright Page

Dedication, acknowledgements, preface (optional), table of contents.

• List of Tables, Figures, and Illustrations

List of Abbreviations

List of symbols.

• Non-Traditional Formats
• Font Type and Size
• Spacing and Indentation
• Tables, Figures, and Illustrations
• Formatting Previously Published Work
• Internet Distribution
• Open Access
• Registering Copyright
• Using Copyrighted Materials
• Use of Your Own Previously Published Materials
• Submission Steps
• Submission Checklist
• Sample Pages

I. Order and Components

Please see the sample thesis or dissertation pages throughout and at the end of this document for illustrations. The following order is required for components of your thesis or dissertation:

• Dedication, Acknowledgements, and Preface (each optional)
• Table of Contents, with page numbers
• List of Tables, List of Figures, or List of Illustrations, with titles and page numbers (if applicable)
• List of Abbreviations (if applicable)
• List of Symbols (if applicable)
• Introduction, if any
• Main body, with consistent subheadings as appropriate
• Appendices (if applicable)
• Endnotes (if applicable)
• References (see section on References for options)

Many of the components following the title and copyright pages have required headings and formatting guidelines, which are described in the following sections.

Please consult the Sample Pages to compare your document to the requirements. A Checklist is provided to assist you in ensuring your thesis or dissertation meets all formatting guidelines.

The title page of a thesis or dissertation must include the following information:

• The title of the thesis or dissertation in all capital letters and centered 2″ below the top of the page.
• Your name, centered 1″ below the title. Do not include titles, degrees, or identifiers. The name you use here does not need to exactly match the name on your university records, but we recommend considering how you will want your name to appear in professional publications in the future.

Notes on this statement:

• When indicating your degree in the second bracketed space, use the full degree name (i.e., Doctor of Philosophy, not Ph.D. or PHD; Master of Public Health, not M.P.H. or MPH; Master of Social Work, not M.S.W. or MSW).
• List your department, school, or curriculum rather than your subject area or specialty discipline in the third bracketed space. You may include your subject area or specialty discipline in parentheses (i.e., Department of Romance Languages (French); School of Pharmacy (Molecular Pharmaceutics); School of Education (School Psychology); or similar official area).
• If you wish to include both your department and school names, list the school at the end of the statement (i.e., Department of Pharmacology in the School of Medicine).
• A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Public Policy.
• A thesis submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the School of Dentistry (Endodontics).
• A thesis submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Nutrition in the Gillings School of Global Public Health.
• A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Education (Cultural Studies and Literacies).
• The words “Chapel Hill” must be centered 1″ below the statement.
• One single-spaced line below that, center the year in which your committee approves the completed thesis or dissertation. This need not be the year you graduate.
• Approximately 2/3 of the way across the page on the right-hand side of the page, 1″ below the year, include the phrase “Approved by:” (with colon) followed by each faculty member's name on subsequent double-spaced lines. Do not include titles such as Professor, Doctor, Dr., PhD, or any identifiers such as “chair” or “advisor” before or after any names. Line up the first letter of each name on the left under the “A” in the “Approved by:” line. If a name is too long to fit on one line, move this entire section of text slightly to the left so that formatting can be maintained.
• No signatures, signature lines, or page numbers should be included on the title page.

Include a copyright page with the following information single-spaced and centered 2″ above the bottom of the page:

© Year Author's Full Name (as it appears on the title page) ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

This page immediately follows the title page. It should be numbered with the lower case Roman numeral ii centered with a 1/2″ margin from the bottom edge.

Inclusion of this page offers you, as the author, additional protection against copyright infringement as it eliminates any question of authorship and copyright ownership. You do not need to file for copyright in order to include this statement in your thesis or dissertation. However, filing for copyright can offer other protections.

See Section IV for more information on copyrighting your thesis or dissertation.

Include an abstract page following these guidelines:

• Include the heading “ABSTRACT” in all capital letters, and center it 2″ below the top of the page.
• One double-spaced line below “ABSTRACT”, center your name, followed by a colon and the title of the thesis or dissertation. Use as many lines as necessary. Be sure that your name and the title exactly match the name and title used on the Title page.
• One single-spaced line below the title, center the phrase “(Under the direction of [advisor's name])”. Include the phrase in parentheses. Include the first and last name(s) of your advisor or formal co-advisors. Do not include the name of other committee members. Use the advisor's name only; do not include any professional titles such as PhD, Professor, or Dr. or any identifiers such as “chair” or “advisor”.
• Skip one double-spaced line and begin the abstract. The text of your abstract must be double-spaced and aligned with the document's left margin with the exception of indenting new paragraphs. Do not center or right-justify the abstract.
• Abstracts cannot exceed 150 words for a thesis or 350 words for a dissertation.
• Number the abstract page with the lower case Roman numeral iii (and iv, if more than one page) centered with a 1/2″ margin from the bottom edge.

Please write and proofread your abstract carefully. When possible, avoid including symbols or foreign words in your abstract, as they cannot be indexed or searched. Avoid mathematical formulas, diagrams, and other illustrative materials in the abstract. Offer a brief description of your thesis or dissertation and a concise summary of its conclusions. Be sure to describe the subject and focus of your work with clear details and avoid including lengthy explanations or opinions.

Your title and abstract will be used by search engines to help potential audiences locate your work, so clarity will help to draw the attention of your targeted readers.

You have an option to include a dedication, acknowledgements, or preface. If you choose to include any or all of these elements, give each its own page(s).

A dedication is a message from the author prefixed to a work in tribute to a person, group, or cause. Most dedications are short statements of tribute beginning with “To…” such as “To my family”.

Acknowledgements are the author's statement of gratitude to and recognition of the people and institutions that helped the author's research and writing.

A preface is a statement of the author's reasons for undertaking the work and other personal comments that are not directly germane to the materials presented in other sections of the thesis or dissertation. These reasons tend to be of a personal nature.

Any of the pages must be prepared following these guidelines:

• Do not place a heading on the dedication page.
• The text of short dedications must be centered and begin 2″ from the top of the page.
• Headings are required for the “ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS” and “PREFACE” pages. Headings must be in all capital letters and centered 2″ below the top of the page.
• The text of the acknowledgements and preface pages must begin one double-spaced line below the heading, be double-spaced, and be aligned with the document's left margin with the exception of indenting new paragraphs.
• Subsequent pages of text return to the 1″ top margin.
• The page(s) must be numbered with consecutive lower case Roman numerals (starting with the page number after the abstract) centered with a 1/2″ margin from the bottom edge.

Include a table of contents following these guidelines:

• Include the heading “TABLE OF CONTENTS” in all capital letters, and center it 2″ below the top of the page.
• Include one double-spaced line between the heading and the first entry.
• The table of contents should not contain listings for the pages that precede it, but it must list all parts of the thesis or dissertation that follow it.
• If relevant, be sure to list all appendices and a references section in your table of contents. Include page numbers for these items but do not assign separate chapter numbers.
• Entries must align with the document's left margin or be indented to the right of the left page margin using consistent tabs.
• Major subheadings within chapters must be included in the table of contents. The subheading(s) should be indented to the right of the left page margin using consistent tabs.
• If an entry takes up more than one line, break up the entry about three-fourths of the way across the page and place the rest of the text on a second line, single-spacing the two lines.
• Include one double-spaced line between each entry.
• Page numbers listed in the table of contents must be located just inside the right page margin with leaders (lines of periods) filling out the space between the end of the entry and the page number. The last digit of each number must line up on the right margin.
• Information included in the table of contents must match the headings, major subheadings, and numbering used in the body of the thesis or dissertation.
• The Table of Contents page(s) must be numbered with consecutive lower case Roman numerals centered with a 1/2″ margin from the bottom edge.

Lists of Tables, Figures, and Illustrations

If applicable, include a list of tables, list of figures, and/or list of illustrations following these guidelines:

• Include the heading(s) in all capital letters, centered 1″ below the top of the page.
• Each entry must include a number, title, and page number.
• Assign each table, figure, or illustration in your thesis or dissertation an Arabic numeral. You may number consecutively throughout the entire work (e.g., Figure 1, Figure 2, etc.), or you may assign a two-part Arabic numeral with the first number designating the chapter in which it appears, separated by a period, followed by a second number to indicate its consecutive placement in the chapter (e.g., Table 3.2 is the second table in Chapter Three).
• Numerals and titles must align with the document's left margin or be indented to the right of the left page margin using consistent tabs.
• Page numbers must be located just inside the right page margin with leaders (lines of periods) filling out the space between the end of the entry and the page number. The last digit of each number must line up on the right margin.
• Numbers, titles, and page numbers must each match the corresponding numbers, titles, and page numbers appearing in the thesis or dissertation.
• All Lists of Tables, Figures, and Illustrations page(s) must be numbered with consecutive lower case Roman numerals centered with a 1/2″ margin from the bottom edge.

If you use abbreviations extensively in your thesis or dissertation, you must include a list of abbreviations and their corresponding definitions following these guidelines:

• Include the heading “LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS” in all capital letters, and center it 1″ below the top of the page.
• Arrange your abbreviations alphabetically.
• Abbreviations must align with the document's left margin or be indented to the right of the left page margin using consistent tabs.
• If an entry takes up more than one line, single-space between the two lines.
• The List of Abbreviations page(s) must be numbered with consecutive lower case Roman numerals centered with a 1/2″ margin from the bottom edge.

If you use symbols in your thesis or dissertation, you may combine them with your abbreviations, titling the section “LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS”, or you may set up a separate list of symbols and their definitions by following the formatting instructions above for abbreviations. The heading you choose must be in all capital letters and centered 1″ below the top of the page.

Previous: Introduction

Next: Format

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Methodology

• How to Write a Literature Review | Guide, Examples, & Templates

How to Write a Literature Review | Guide, Examples, & Templates

Published on January 2, 2023 by Shona McCombes . Revised on September 11, 2023.

What is a literature review? A literature review is a survey of scholarly sources on a specific topic. It provides an overview of current knowledge, allowing you to identify relevant theories, methods, and gaps in the existing research that you can later apply to your paper, thesis, or dissertation topic .

There are five key steps to writing a literature review:

• Search for relevant literature
• Evaluate sources
• Identify themes, debates, and gaps
• Outline the structure
• Write your literature review

A good literature review doesn’t just summarize sources—it analyzes, synthesizes , and critically evaluates to give a clear picture of the state of knowledge on the subject.

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Table of contents

What is the purpose of a literature review, examples of literature reviews, step 1 – search for relevant literature, step 2 – evaluate and select sources, step 3 – identify themes, debates, and gaps, step 4 – outline your literature review’s structure, step 5 – write your literature review, free lecture slides, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions, introduction.

• Quick Run-through
• Step 1 & 2

When you write a thesis , dissertation , or research paper , you will likely have to conduct a literature review to situate your research within existing knowledge. The literature review gives you a chance to:

• Demonstrate your familiarity with the topic and its scholarly context
• Develop a theoretical framework and methodology for your research
• Position your work in relation to other researchers and theorists
• Show how your research addresses a gap or contributes to a debate
• Evaluate the current state of research and demonstrate your knowledge of the scholarly debates around your topic.

Writing literature reviews is a particularly important skill if you want to apply for graduate school or pursue a career in research. We’ve written a step-by-step guide that you can follow below.

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Writing literature reviews can be quite challenging! A good starting point could be to look at some examples, depending on what kind of literature review you’d like to write.

• Example literature review #1: “Why Do People Migrate? A Review of the Theoretical Literature” ( Theoretical literature review about the development of economic migration theory from the 1950s to today.)
• Example literature review #2: “Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines” ( Methodological literature review about interdisciplinary knowledge acquisition and production.)
• Example literature review #3: “The Use of Technology in English Language Learning: A Literature Review” ( Thematic literature review about the effects of technology on language acquisition.)
• Example literature review #4: “Learners’ Listening Comprehension Difficulties in English Language Learning: A Literature Review” ( Chronological literature review about how the concept of listening skills has changed over time.)

You can also check out our templates with literature review examples and sample outlines at the links below.

Download Word doc Download Google doc

Before you begin searching for literature, you need a clearly defined topic .

If you are writing the literature review section of a dissertation or research paper, you will search for literature related to your research problem and questions .

Make a list of keywords

Start by creating a list of keywords related to your research question. Include each of the key concepts or variables you’re interested in, and list any synonyms and related terms. You can add to this list as you discover new keywords in the process of your literature search.

• Social media, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat, TikTok
• Body image, self-perception, self-esteem, mental health
• Generation Z, teenagers, adolescents, youth

Search for relevant sources

Use your keywords to begin searching for sources. Some useful databases to search for journals and articles include:

• Your university’s library catalogue
• Google Scholar
• Project Muse (humanities and social sciences)
• Medline (life sciences and biomedicine)
• EconLit (economics)
• Inspec (physics, engineering and computer science)

You can also use boolean operators to help narrow down your search.

Make sure to read the abstract to find out whether an article is relevant to your question. When you find a useful book or article, you can check the bibliography to find other relevant sources.

You likely won’t be able to read absolutely everything that has been written on your topic, so it will be necessary to evaluate which sources are most relevant to your research question.

For each publication, ask yourself:

• What question or problem is the author addressing?
• What are the key concepts and how are they defined?
• What are the key theories, models, and methods?
• Does the research use established frameworks or take an innovative approach?
• What are the results and conclusions of the study?
• How does the publication relate to other literature in the field? Does it confirm, add to, or challenge established knowledge?
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of the research?

Make sure the sources you use are credible , and make sure you read any landmark studies and major theories in your field of research.

You can use our template to summarize and evaluate sources you’re thinking about using. Click on either button below to download.

Take notes and cite your sources

As you read, you should also begin the writing process. Take notes that you can later incorporate into the text of your literature review.

It is important to keep track of your sources with citations to avoid plagiarism . It can be helpful to make an annotated bibliography , where you compile full citation information and write a paragraph of summary and analysis for each source. This helps you remember what you read and saves time later in the process.

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To begin organizing your literature review’s argument and structure, be sure you understand the connections and relationships between the sources you’ve read. Based on your reading and notes, you can look for:

• Trends and patterns (in theory, method or results): do certain approaches become more or less popular over time?
• Themes: what questions or concepts recur across the literature?
• Debates, conflicts and contradictions: where do sources disagree?
• Pivotal publications: are there any influential theories or studies that changed the direction of the field?
• Gaps: what is missing from the literature? Are there weaknesses that need to be addressed?

This step will help you work out the structure of your literature review and (if applicable) show how your own research will contribute to existing knowledge.

• Most research has focused on young women.
• There is an increasing interest in the visual aspects of social media.
• But there is still a lack of robust research on highly visual platforms like Instagram and Snapchat—this is a gap that you could address in your own research.

There are various approaches to organizing the body of a literature review. Depending on the length of your literature review, you can combine several of these strategies (for example, your overall structure might be thematic, but each theme is discussed chronologically).

Chronological

The simplest approach is to trace the development of the topic over time. However, if you choose this strategy, be careful to avoid simply listing and summarizing sources in order.

Try to analyze patterns, turning points and key debates that have shaped the direction of the field. Give your interpretation of how and why certain developments occurred.

If you have found some recurring central themes, you can organize your literature review into subsections that address different aspects of the topic.

For example, if you are reviewing literature about inequalities in migrant health outcomes, key themes might include healthcare policy, language barriers, cultural attitudes, legal status, and economic access.

Methodological

If you draw your sources from different disciplines or fields that use a variety of research methods , you might want to compare the results and conclusions that emerge from different approaches. For example:

• Look at what results have emerged in qualitative versus quantitative research
• Discuss how the topic has been approached by empirical versus theoretical scholarship
• Divide the literature into sociological, historical, and cultural sources

Theoretical

A literature review is often the foundation for a theoretical framework . You can use it to discuss various theories, models, and definitions of key concepts.

You might argue for the relevance of a specific theoretical approach, or combine various theoretical concepts to create a framework for your research.

Like any other academic text , your literature review should have an introduction , a main body, and a conclusion . What you include in each depends on the objective of your literature review.

The introduction should clearly establish the focus and purpose of the literature review.

Depending on the length of your literature review, you might want to divide the body into subsections. You can use a subheading for each theme, time period, or methodological approach.

As you write, you can follow these tips:

• Summarize and synthesize: give an overview of the main points of each source and combine them into a coherent whole
• Analyze and interpret: don’t just paraphrase other researchers — add your own interpretations where possible, discussing the significance of findings in relation to the literature as a whole
• Critically evaluate: mention the strengths and weaknesses of your sources
• Write in well-structured paragraphs: use transition words and topic sentences to draw connections, comparisons and contrasts

In the conclusion, you should summarize the key findings you have taken from the literature and emphasize their significance.

When you’ve finished writing and revising your literature review, don’t forget to proofread thoroughly before submitting. Not a language expert? Check out Scribbr’s professional proofreading services !

This article has been adapted into lecture slides that you can use to teach your students about writing a literature review.

Scribbr slides are free to use, customize, and distribute for educational purposes.

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If you want to know more about the research process , methodology , research bias , or statistics , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

• Sampling methods
• Simple random sampling
• Stratified sampling
• Cluster sampling
• Likert scales
• Reproducibility

 Statistics

• Null hypothesis
• Statistical power
• Probability distribution
• Effect size
• Poisson distribution

Research bias

• Optimism bias
• Cognitive bias
• Implicit bias
• Hawthorne effect
• Anchoring bias
• Explicit bias

A literature review is a survey of scholarly sources (such as books, journal articles, and theses) related to a specific topic or research question .

It is often written as part of a thesis, dissertation , or research paper , in order to situate your work in relation to existing knowledge.

There are several reasons to conduct a literature review at the beginning of a research project:

• To familiarize yourself with the current state of knowledge on your topic
• To ensure that you’re not just repeating what others have already done
• To identify gaps in knowledge and unresolved problems that your research can address
• To develop your theoretical framework and methodology
• To provide an overview of the key findings and debates on the topic

Writing the literature review shows your reader how your work relates to existing research and what new insights it will contribute.

The literature review usually comes near the beginning of your thesis or dissertation . After the introduction , it grounds your research in a scholarly field and leads directly to your theoretical framework or methodology .

A literature review is a survey of credible sources on a topic, often used in dissertations , theses, and research papers . Literature reviews give an overview of knowledge on a subject, helping you identify relevant theories and methods, as well as gaps in existing research. Literature reviews are set up similarly to other  academic texts , with an introduction , a main body, and a conclusion .

An  annotated bibliography is a list of  source references that has a short description (called an annotation ) for each of the sources. It is often assigned as part of the research process for a  paper .  

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McCombes, S. (2023, September 11). How to Write a Literature Review | Guide, Examples, & Templates. Scribbr. Retrieved June 9, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/dissertation/literature-review/

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