essay about earthquake effects

Earthquake Essay for Students and Children

500+ Words Essay on Earthquake

Simply speaking, Earthquake means the shaking of the Earth’s surface. It is a sudden trembling of the surface of the Earth. Earthquakes certainly are a terrible natural disaster. Furthermore, Earthquakes can cause huge damage to life and property. Some Earthquakes are weak in nature and probably go unnoticed. In contrast, some Earthquakes are major and violent. The major Earthquakes are almost always devastating in nature. Most noteworthy, the occurrence of an Earthquake is quite unpredictable. This is what makes them so dangerous.

Types of Earthquake

Tectonic Earthquake: The Earth’s crust comprises of the slab of rocks of uneven shapes. These slab of rocks are tectonic plates. Furthermore, there is energy stored here. This energy causes tectonic plates to push away from each other or towards each other. As time passes, the energy and movement build up pressure between two plates.

Therefore, this enormous pressure causes the fault line to form. Also, the center point of this disturbance is the focus of the Earthquake. Consequently, waves of energy travel from focus to the surface. This results in shaking of the surface.

Volcanic Earthquake: This Earthquake is related to volcanic activity. Above all, the magnitude of such Earthquakes is weak. These Earthquakes are of two types. The first type is Volcano-tectonic earthquake. Here tremors occur due to injection or withdrawal of Magma. In contrast, the second type is Long-period earthquake. Here Earthquake occurs due to the pressure changes among the Earth’s layers.

Collapse Earthquake: These Earthquakes occur in the caverns and mines. Furthermore, these Earthquakes are of weak magnitude. Undergrounds blasts are probably the cause of collapsing of mines. Above all, this collapsing of mines causes seismic waves. Consequently, these seismic waves cause an Earthquake.

Explosive Earthquake: These Earthquakes almost always occur due to the testing of nuclear weapons. When a nuclear weapon detonates, a big blast occurs. This results in the release of a huge amount of energy. This probably results in Earthquakes.

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Effects of Earthquakes

First of all, the shaking of the ground is the most notable effect of the Earthquake. Furthermore, ground rupture also occurs along with shaking. This results in severe damage to infrastructure facilities. The severity of the Earthquake depends upon the magnitude and distance from the epicenter. Also, the local geographical conditions play a role in determining the severity. Ground rupture refers to the visible breaking of the Earth’s surface.

Another significant effect of Earthquake is landslides. Landslides occur due to slope instability. This slope instability happens because of Earthquake.

Earthquakes can cause soil liquefaction. This happens when water-saturated granular material loses its strength. Therefore, it transforms from solid to a liquid. Consequently, rigid structures sink into the liquefied deposits.

Earthquakes can result in fires. This happens because Earthquake damages the electric power and gas lines. Above all, it becomes extremely difficult to stop a fire once it begins.

Earthquakes can also create the infamous Tsunamis. Tsunamis are long-wavelength sea waves. These sea waves are caused by the sudden or abrupt movement of large volumes of water. This is because of an Earthquake in the ocean. Above all, Tsunamis can travel at a speed of 600-800 kilometers per hour. These tsunamis can cause massive destruction when they hit the sea coast.

In conclusion, an Earthquake is a great and terrifying phenomenon of Earth. It shows the frailty of humans against nature. It is a tremendous occurrence that certainly shocks everyone. Above all, Earthquake lasts only for a few seconds but can cause unimaginable damage.

FAQs on Earthquake

Q1 Why does an explosive Earthquake occurs?

A1 An explosive Earthquake occurs due to the testing of nuclear weapons.

Q2 Why do landslides occur because of Earthquake?

A2 Landslides happen due to slope instability. Most noteworthy, this slope instability is caused by an Earthquake.

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Home — Essay Samples — Environment — Earthquake — Earthquake and Its Devastating Effects

Earthquake and Its Devastating Effects

Categories: Earthquake Natural Disasters

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Earthquake Cause and Effect Essay Sample

Earthquakes are one of the worst and deadliest natural disasters that can occur. They are due to different factors and leave behind after-effects in their wake. An earthquake is the sudden release of strain energy in the crust of the planet’s surface, which will result in shaking that resonates outwards from the source. Simply, it is the sudden shaking of the Earth’s surface and can also be called a quake, tremor, or tremblor.

Earthquakes come in different sizes, as some are weak and cannot be felt, while others are violent and can destroy cities. The frequency, size, and type of quakes experienced are called seismicity. Earthquakes can be a result of volcanic action too. Furthermore, they have various effects that disturb lives and property.

The Valdivia Earthquake, also known as the Great Chilean, is the most powerful earthquake ever recorded. It occurred on the 22 nd of May, 1960, with studies placing it between 9.4 and 9.6 on the moment magnitude scale. The main cause of the quake was tension released by the Nazca plate under the South American plate. The earthquake lasted for about 10 minutes and resulted in tsunamis that affected Hawaii, southern Chile, eastern New Zealand, the Aleutian Islands, Japan, southeast Australia, and the Philippines.

Earthquakes are one of the most destructive and fascinating natural disasters that can cause a huge amount of destruction, injuries, and even death, but what makes them so dangerous? In this earthquake cause and effect essay sample, we will attempt to answer this question and explore why earthquakes occur and what effects they can have on society and the environment. Earthquakes are caused by sudden movement of the earth’s crust resulting from a release of energy from the Earth’s interior, and can be triggered by many different things including human activities such as mining and construction. Understanding the processes behind earthquakes can help individuals and organizations make better plans for future mitigation and adaptation if an earthquake were to occur. Additionally, students can buy a coursework to learn how to plan for an earthquake and develop better understanding of how to prepare for and cope with natural disasters.

Causes of Earthquakes

The main cause of the quakes is the sudden release of stress from the faults in the Earth’s crust. In this guide on how to do a cause and effect essay , we will cover the causes of an earthquake. As the continuous motion of layers transpires, it causes a gradual build-up of pressure on both sides of a fault. This happens because of plate boundaries that are moving. Once the stress is too significant, it is released in a shaky movement. So, how are earthquakes caused? Here are the factors causing quakes.

Tectonic Movements of the Earth

One of the leading causes of an earthquake is movement from the tectonics. This is a shift of the planes making up the crust. Our planet consists of about a dozen major plates and several minor ones and is constantly changing.

The tectonic plates frequently move slowly, but sometimes, they get stuck because of friction. When the stress on the crust becomes more significant than the friction, an earthquake happens to release energy. This brings about a shaky feeling in steps through the planet’s crust. Little movement from the tectonic caused big things such as the happenings in the Ring of Fire.

Seismicity Ripples

Seismic waves are one of the causes of earthquakes. These are elastic ripples generated by an impulse, like an earthquake. The energy from the fault in the crust of the planet will radiate outward in different directions through seismicity. Think of it as ripples on a pond. As the ripples move through the surface, they shake the floor and anything on it. These can be in the form of ripples, which is when an earthquake happens more than once. North Carolina earthquake events occur because of seismicity, although they don’t have significant damage.

Compressions in the Crust of the Earth

Compression in the crust happens when plate tectonics are pushed together. The crust will become shorter and thicker, and depending on how it reacts to the force, it can lead to an earthquake. Due to compression, many quakes that occur in Australia are caused by these shifts along faults. Also, the main cause of the Northridge earthquake 1994 was the compressions on the planet’s surface.

Volcanic Eruptions

Volcanic eruptions are one of the less likely causes of an earthquake, depending on the volcano that erupts. The earthquake will be triggered when an explosion of an explosive volcano. These ripples have a wider effect than volcanic eruptions when they trigger an earthquake. In the case of volcanic eruptions, around 20 miles of the region around the volcano will be affected when it erupts. The largest volcanic tremor took place under Mount St. Helens in 1981 , with an intensity of 5.5.

Disturbances on the Surface

In general, an earthquake can be caused by disturbances on the surface. Technology advancement is one of the popular cause/effect essay topics , which is to some extent responsible for catastrophes like an earthquake. Humanity builds skyscrapers, constructs dams, and gets water from underground. Dams and reservoirs are known to trigger earthquakes, especially when a dam structure fails.

For instance, the 2008 happening in Sichuan , China, which killed about 70,000 persons, was triggered by the nearby Zipping Dam construction. Another disturbance is groundwater extraction, as this can destabilize an existing fault. Hydraulic fracking is a method of extracting natural resources. It works when shale formations underneath are injected with a mixture of chemicals and water at high pressure. Fracking has had such an impact on the environment causing earthquakes.

Big buildings and skyscrapers can also add significant pressure on the Earth’s surface and crack rudimentary rocks.

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Effects of Earthquakes

When an earthquake happens, it leaves behind five primary outcomes and fires, a significant secondary impact of quakes. The effects of earthquakes on the Earth are often devastating, with people getting killed and injured, buildings getting destroyed, and the emotional and mental health of those affected. That’s why the investigation of this topic is so crucial in minimizing the adverse outcomes.

If you need an essay discussing this or any similar topic, our custom essay writing services can help you get the job done quickly and professionally. Now, let’s get to the main repercussions of quakes.

Ground Shaking

One of the most negative effects of earthquakes is surface shaking. During this time, buildings can be damaged, humans and animals will not be able to stand up or move around, and objects can be tossed around regardless of how big they are. Lives are taken in earthquakes but not directly by the shaking. Instead, it is caused by shaking, like buildings collapsing or getting hit by large objects.

The shaking of unstable slopes and direct blowout during an earthquake can lead to a landslide. Landslides are harmful effects of earthquakes and can damage buildings, tumbling hilltop homes, and block roads and transport lines. When a landslide happens, parts of the planet slide down and block an area. It can affect transportation after the earthquake, causing increased expenditure and leading to injuries and death for people there.

Surface Rupture

Another effect of quakes is surface breaking, which happens when the earthquake breaks the surface. As the earthquake occurs along a fault-line, it breaks through the Earth’s surface and can damage roads, pipelines, railway lines, tunnels, and airport runways. They will be damaged in the aftermath of an earthquake. An example of surface damage during an earthquake was the 1906 quake in California. The main cause of the quake was a slip of the San Andreas fault. The San Andreas fault is a major fracture of the planet’s crust.

Although this is a less common effect, an earthquake causes a tsunami. Tsunamis are water or tidal shakes that cause grave danger to places around the world, especially those in the Pacific Northwest region. An earthquake can cause the seafloor to move vertically apart from the normal floor. This will shake up the ocean and come in a series of floods to the beach. Tsunamis can move more than 700 kilometers per hour, causing flooding. It can damage properties and lead to death and injury too. Places close to the ocean are often subjected to tsunamis during an earthquake.

Liquefaction

Liquefaction is one of the outcomes of an earthquake that happens on the unconsolidated surface. When sediment grains are made to float in groundwater, the soil will lose all its solidity, and this is liquefaction. Tremors and earthquakes can cause mud and sand to spray over a couple of meters, posing a danger to buildings, train lines, gas lines, roads, and airport runways. Buildings can tip over and sink because of the liquefied soils, as occurred in the 1964 Niigata earthquake in Japan. Even septic tanks and gas tanks can float to the surface. Liquefaction after earthquakes leads to damages worth millions of dollars.

Earthquakes can have devastating consequences, so learning more about their causes and effects can be extremely beneficial. Recently, scientists have made tremendous progress in understanding the mechanisms behind earthquakes. To develop a deeper understanding of earthquakes, students may be required to write a coursework for me exploring the causes and effects of them. For example, they can focus on exploring tectonic plates and how they move and affect the ground, as well as the effect of natural conditions like weather and climate on their development. Additionally, the effects of an earthquake, such as structural damage and the resulting landslides, tsunamis and fires, can be further investigated in other science studies.

This essay has highlighted the cause and effect of earthquakes. Earthquakes are severe natural disasters caused by shifts in the crust of the Earth. Compressions on the planet’s surface, human disturbances like skyscrapers and dams, and tectonics moving can cause earthquakes. When they occur, consequences like landslides, ruptures, tsunamis, and more will follow. Some of the top countries prone to quakes are China, Indonesia, Turkey, Peru, Iran, Turkey, the United States, Japan, and Italy. China has gone through 157 earthquakes between 1900 and 2016. People living in these areas have precautions taken to protect themselves from injury during an earthquake.

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Earthquake Essay

Download the Earthquake Essay Available on Vedantu’s Website.

Earthquakes are some of the most devastating natural disasters. Millions of dollars worth of property are damaged and a hundred die every time a big magnitude of eater quake strikes. It is in this regard that everyone must read and know about earthquakes and be prepared to mitigate the damage. Furthermore, the topic of earthquakes is quite often asked in exams. Preparing for this topic will enable them to have an edge and score more marks in the English paper.

To serve the above-mentioned purpose, Vedantu has come up with the Earthquake essay. This essay is prepared by the experts who know what exactly is required to know and weeding out points that are not important. The essay is very precise and would surely allow students to successfully claim marks in the essay question and even stay prepared when an earthquake actually strikes.

What is an Earthquake?

When the earth’s surface shakes, the phenomenon is referred to as an earthquake. Precisely, the sudden trembling of the earth’s surface is the cause of an earthquake. Earthquakes are regarded as one of the deadliest natural disasters. Huge damage and loss of property are caused by earthquakes. There are various types of earthquakes. Some of them are severe in nature. The most dangerous thing about an earthquake is that it is quite unpredictable. It can cause several damages without any previous indication. The intensity of an earthquake is measured by the Richter’s scale. Generally, earthquakes occur due to the movement of tectonic plates under the earth’s surface.

Types of Earthquake

There are four kinds of earthquakes namely

Tectonic Earthquake,

Volcanic Earthquake,

Collapse Earthquake and

Explosive Earthquake.

Tectonic Earthquake

It is caused due to the movement of the slab of rocks of uneven shapes that lie underneath the earth’s crust. Apart from that, energy is stored in the earth’s crust. Tectonic plates are pushed away from each other or towards each other due to the energy. A pressure is formed because of the energy and movement as time passes. A fault line is formed due to severe pressure. The center point of this dispersion is the epicenter of the earthquake. Subsequently, traveling of the waves of energy from focus to the surface causes the tremor.

Volcanic Earthquake

The earthquake caused by volcanic activity is called a volcanic earthquake. These kinds of earthquakes are of weaker magnitudes. Volcanic earthquakes are categorized into two types. In the first type, which is called volcano-tectonic, shaking happens due to input or withdrawal of Magma. In the second type, which is termed as Long-period earthquake, tremors occur due to changing of pressure among the earth’s layers.

Collapse Earthquake

Collapse Earthquake is the third type of earthquake that occurs in the caverns and mines. This is another example of a weak magnitude earthquake. Mines collapsed due to underground blasts. Consequently, seismic waves are formed due to this collapsing. Earthquakes occur because of these seismic waves.

Explosive Earthquake

The fourth type of earthquake is called an explosive earthquake. This is caused due to the testing of nuclear weapons.

Effects of Earthquake

The effects of earthquakes are very severe and deadly.

It can cause irreparable damage to property and loss of human lives. The lethality of an earthquake depends on its distance from the epicentre.

Damage to establishments is the direct impact of an earthquake. In the hilly areas, several landslides are caused due to earthquakes.

Another major impact of an earthquake is soil liquefaction. Losing the strength of water-saturated granular material is the cause behind this. The rigidity of soil is totally lost due to this.

Since the earthquake affects the electric power and gas lines, it can cause a fire to break out.

Deadly Tsunamis are caused due to earthquakes. Gigantic sea waves are caused by the sudden or abnormal movement of huge volumes of water. This is called an earthquake in the ocean. When tsunamis hit the sea coasts, they cause a massive loss of lives and properties.

Earthquake is termed as one of the most huge and lethal natural disasters in the world. It proves the fact that human beings are just nothing in front of nature. The sudden occurrence of earthquakes shocks everyone. Scientists are working rigorously to prevent the damage of earthquakes, but nothing fruitful has been achieved yet.

Examples of Devastating Earthquake

The city of Kobe in Japan witnessed a devastating earthquake on January 17, 1995, killing more than 6,000 and making more than 45,000 people homeless. The magnitude of the quake was 6.9 at the moment which caused damage of around 100 million dollars. The governor of Kobe spent years on reconstruction and made efforts to bring back fifty thousand people who had left home. Japan geologically is a highly active country. It lies upon four major tectonic plates namely, Eurasian, Philippine, Pacific, and North American which frequently meet and interact.

The second incident is in Nepal where an earthquake struck on April 25, 2015. About 9000 people were killed and almost 600,000 structures were destroyed. The magnitude of the quake was 7.9 and the repels were felt by neighbouring countries like Bangladesh, China and India. The disaster caused severe damage of millions of dollars. All the countries across the world including India garnered to help Nepal by sending monetary aid, medical supplies, transport helicopters and others.

FAQs on Earthquake Essay

1. How to download the Earthquake Essay?

The Earthquake essay is available on Vedantu's website in PDF format. The PDF could be downloaded on any device, be it android, apple or windows. One just has to log on to www.vedantu.com and download the document. The document is totally free of cost and a student does not need to pay any prior registration fee.

2. How to protect oneself during an earthquake?

Earthquakes could be very disastrous and can cause a lot of collateral damage. During an earthquake you can look for the corners to hide. Another safe place to hide is under the table or under the bed. If one is sitting in a multistory building, avoid taking a lift and only use the stairs. In this kind of situation, one should never panic and stay calm. Let the earthquake pass until then keep hiding in the safe spot. Once over, come out to evaluate the situation and take appropriate actions.

3. How to mitigate the effects of an earthquake?

Prevention is better than cure. It is always a better idea to take necessary actions before an earthquake has struck. In the first place, send a copy of all your documents to someone reliable. In case of an earthquake that destroys your important documents, there would always remain a facility to retrieve them. Research and know if your city is in a seismic zone. One should also take note of earthquakes during the construction of a house and lay emphasis on a seismic-proof house.

4. How can one teach people about the effects of an earthquake?

There are many ways one can raise awareness about the effects of earthquakes. There is Youtube and Instagram which could be used to disseminate all the knowledge about the earthquake and its impact on humans. You can also go to schools and colleges to conduct a seminar whereby the students could be told about the mitigation and steps to take when an earthquake strikes. However before that, one must thoroughly research the topic. For this, visit www.vedntu.com and download the earthquake essay for free.

5. Who has written the Earthquake essay?

The earthquake essay provided by Vedantu is prepared by expert teachers who invest a good amount of time and effort to come up with an essay that is highly useful for the students in their personal lives as well as for their academic performance. The students can use this essay to maximize their abilities to cope with the questions on earthquakes and the earthquake itself. The essay is totally reliable and one mustn’t doubt its credibility at all.

How to Write an Essay About Earthquakes

Diana v. faustmann.

Earthquakes cover as much ground in essay writing as they do in the real world. You can relate a personal earthquake experience, describe the steps to become a seismologist, narrate the earthquake history of a certain location or compare earthquakes to other natural disasters. Then you can choose to describe your topic, narrate a specific incident, analyze earthquake effects or argue for a better earthquake coping mechanism. These rich options challenge you to narrow your focus and define your purpose upfront. Then use sound research and a simple essay format to convey your informed message about earthquakes clearly and concisely.

Narrow your focus. Choose an area about earthquakes that fascinates or intrigues you and then restrict your focus further within it. For example, go from earthquakes in general to the Haiti earthquake of 2010, and from its effect on the Haitian people to orphans specifically.

Decide on your angle. Perform cursory research on your selected topic and then decide whether you want to narrate, explain, analyze, argue or persuade your readers to take action.

Establish your thesis and identify several sub-topics that exemplify or otherwise support your thesis. Develop a thesis statement that contains both elements. For example, “Seismology is a sound career to consider. You work outdoors most of the time, study the causes and effects of earthquakes in depth, and help to discover ways to limit their damage.”

Outline your introduction, body and conclusion. Focus your research on the data that you need to amplify your sub-topics. For instance, for the sub-topic, “The Richter scale is an inadequate earthquake measurement tool,” in your outline, add three bullets corresponding to case studies that illustrate that claim.

Write your introductory paragraph to compel further reading. First, provide a lead-in that gives earthquakes an interesting or original slant. Then narrow your focus and end with a statement of your thesis. For example, “My family barely escaped calamity in last summer's earthquake. Many of our neighbors were not so lucky; they lost homes and lives. Clearly, our homes still don’t adequately protect us from shifts in the seismic plates beneath us. We need to better earthquake-proof our area with a building code that is stronger in three major areas: (a), (b) and (c).”

Assign one or two paragraphs to address each sub-topic. Begin each paragraph with a topic sentence followed by supporting facts or examples. For example, state that “Governments should discourage new developments over known earthquake faults.” Follow this topic sentence with a description of three communities that earthquakes virtually demolished.

End your essay clearly and confidently. Begin your conclusion with “in summary” or “in brief,” then restate your thesis and sub-topics. Engage your readers with one final, memorable or compelling statement or anecdote. For example, “Compassion can be as earth-shaking as an earthquake, but with the opposite effect. Investigate how you can help to rebuild the lives of Haitian earthquake orphans today.”

Sometimes your research leads you to a different conclusion than your thesis originally set out to prove. Adjust your thesis statement accordingly.
Keep your sentences short and coherent. As much as possible, use active verbs throughout.
Use transitional expressions between sentences and paragraphs; words such as “moreover,” “consequently” and “finally,” help your readers follow your train of thought and move smoothly from one thought to the next.
Review your essay for spelling and grammar errors and any weaknesses in its flow. If possible, recruit a friend to help you proofread your essay before you submit it.
1 Purdue Online Writing Lab: Essay Writing

About the Author

Since 1988, Diana Faustmann has been writing on technology, business and culture. Her articles have appeared in various print publications, corporate websites and authoritative online sites. Faustmann holds a Bachelor of Arts in psychology from the University of the Philippines.

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Earthquake Essay

Essay on Earthquake - An earthquake is a natural disaster that occurs when two tectonic plates collide. The force of the collision creates seismic waves that travel through the earth's crust, causing the ground to shake and buildings to collapse. Here are some sample essays on earthquakes.

100 Words Essay on Earthquake

Earthquakes can happen anywhere in the world, and although their occurrence is not predictable, there are some things you can do to make yourself more prepared in case one does strike. This includes having an earthquake kit ready to go, knowing how to drop, cover and hold on, and staying informed about any potential risks in your area. Make sure you have an emergency kit stocked with food, water, and other supplies, and know what to do when an earthquake hits. If you're not sure what to do, it's best to stay away from windows and other objects that could fall on you, and head to a safe place.

200 Words Essay on Earthquake

500 words essay on earthquake.

Earthquakes are a natural disaster that come with a lot of dangers. The shaking and movement of the earth can cause buildings to fall down, trapping people inside. The shaking caused by such a sudden change is usually very minor, but large earthquakes sometimes cause very large shaking of the land. The shaking waves spread from the spot at which rock begins breaking for the first time; this spot is called the center, or hypocenter, of an earthquake.

If you're inside when an earthquake starts, drop to the ground and cover your head. The earthquake's magnitude is related to the amount of earthquake energy released in a seismic event.

Different Types of Earthquakes

There are three types of earthquakes:

Shallow | A shallow earthquake is when the earthquake's focus is close to the surface of the Earth. These earthquakes are usually less powerful than the other two types, but can still cause a lot of damage.

Intermediate | Intermediate earthquakes have a focus that's located between the surface and the Earth's mantle, and are usually more powerful than shallow earthquakes.

Deep | Deep earthquakes have a focus that's located in the mantle, which is the layer of the Earth below the crust. They're the most powerful type of earthquake, and can even cause damage on the surface.

An earthquake can cause damage to buildings and bridges; interrupt gas, electrical, and telephone services; and occasionally trigger landslides, avalanches, flash flooding, wildfires, and massive, destructive waves of water over oceans (tsunamis).

The Dangers Associated With Earthquakes

The shaking of the ground can cause objects to fall off shelves and injure people. If you're outside when an earthquake starts, move away from tall buildings, streetlights and power lines.

An earthquake can also cause a tsunami, or a large wave, to form and crash onto the shore. Tsunamis can be very dangerous and can reach heights of over 100 feet.

How to Prepare for an Earthquake

When an earthquake is imminent, your first step should be to find a safe spot. The most ideal spots are under sturdy furniture or inside door frames. It is best to stay away from windows and anything that can fall over.

Once you've found the safest place, it's time to prepare for the shaking. Grab some blankets, pillows and helmets if possible – all of which can provide extra cushioning against falling objects.

Additionally, you should always keep an eye out for debris that could cause injuries, such as broken glass and sharp objects.

Finally, stay calm until the shaking stops, and monitor local news reports for additional information on how best to handle the situation.

What to do During an Earthquake

The moment an earthquake hits, it is important to stay as calm and collected as possible. Safety is the first priority so you must stay away from windows and furniture that can fall on you, and protect your head with your arms if needed.

If an earthquake occurs while you are indoors, stay away from anything that could fall or break such as windows, mirrors, or furniture. Do not run outdoors as shaking can cause glass and other materials to fall from the building structure. Instead, seek shelter under sturdy tables or desks. If there is no furniture available, move to a corner of the room and crouch down protectively with your arms over your head and neck.

It's also important to take note of any gas lines that could be affected during an earthquake and shut them off if necessary in order to prevent fires from breaking out due to exposed pipes.

After the Earthquake: Recovery and Assistance

When the shaking stops, there will be a period of recovery.

Don't enter any building if it has visible damage due to the earthquake - it's better to be safe than sorry.

You should contact local aid organisations like the Red Cross for additional help with sheltering, water, food and other essentials.

Stay in touch with local officials about any services provided for those affected by the earthquake.

Make sure you also have a plan for what to do if you're stuck in an earthquake, and know how to get in touch with loved ones in case of an emergency.

By being prepared and knowing what to do, you can help ensure that you and your loved ones are safe in the event of an earthquake.

Explore Career Options (By Industry)

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Entertainment
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Information Technology

Data Administrator

Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.

Bio Medical Engineer

The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary.

Ethical Hacker

A career as ethical hacker involves various challenges and provides lucrative opportunities in the digital era where every giant business and startup owns its cyberspace on the world wide web. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path try to find the vulnerabilities in the cyber system to get its authority. If he or she succeeds in it then he or she gets its illegal authority. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path then steal information or delete the file that could affect the business, functioning, or services of the organization.

GIS officer work on various GIS software to conduct a study and gather spatial and non-spatial information. GIS experts update the GIS data and maintain it. The databases include aerial or satellite imagery, latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates, and manually digitized images of maps. In a career as GIS expert, one is responsible for creating online and mobile maps.

Data Analyst

The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.

Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

Geothermal Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.

Database Architect

If you are intrigued by the programming world and are interested in developing communications networks then a career as database architect may be a good option for you. Data architect roles and responsibilities include building design models for data communication networks. Wide Area Networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), and intranets are included in the database networks. It is expected that database architects will have in-depth knowledge of a company's business to develop a network to fulfil the requirements of the organisation. Stay tuned as we look at the larger picture and give you more information on what is db architecture, why you should pursue database architecture, what to expect from such a degree and what your job opportunities will be after graduation. Here, we will be discussing how to become a data architect. Students can visit NIT Trichy , IIT Kharagpur , JMI New Delhi .

Remote Sensing Technician

Individuals who opt for a career as a remote sensing technician possess unique personalities. Remote sensing analysts seem to be rational human beings, they are strong, independent, persistent, sincere, realistic and resourceful. Some of them are analytical as well, which means they are intelligent, introspective and inquisitive.

Remote sensing scientists use remote sensing technology to support scientists in fields such as community planning, flight planning or the management of natural resources. Analysing data collected from aircraft, satellites or ground-based platforms using statistical analysis software, image analysis software or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a significant part of their work. Do you want to learn how to become remote sensing technician? There's no need to be concerned; we've devised a simple remote sensing technician career path for you. Scroll through the pages and read.

Budget Analyst

Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.

Underwriter

An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.

Finance Executive

Product manager.

A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.

Operations Manager

Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.

Stock Analyst

Individuals who opt for a career as a stock analyst examine the company's investments makes decisions and keep track of financial securities. The nature of such investments will differ from one business to the next. Individuals in the stock analyst career use data mining to forecast a company's profits and revenues, advise clients on whether to buy or sell, participate in seminars, and discussing financial matters with executives and evaluate annual reports.

A Researcher is a professional who is responsible for collecting data and information by reviewing the literature and conducting experiments and surveys. He or she uses various methodological processes to provide accurate data and information that is utilised by academicians and other industry professionals. Here, we will discuss what is a researcher, the researcher's salary, types of researchers.

Welding Engineer

Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues.

Transportation Planner

A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.

Environmental Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems.

Safety Manager

A Safety Manager is a professional responsible for employee’s safety at work. He or she plans, implements and oversees the company’s employee safety. A Safety Manager ensures compliance and adherence to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) guidelines.

Conservation Architect

A Conservation Architect is a professional responsible for conserving and restoring buildings or monuments having a historic value. He or she applies techniques to document and stabilise the object’s state without any further damage. A Conservation Architect restores the monuments and heritage buildings to bring them back to their original state.

Structural Engineer

A Structural Engineer designs buildings, bridges, and other related structures. He or she analyzes the structures and makes sure the structures are strong enough to be used by the people. A career as a Structural Engineer requires working in the construction process. It comes under the civil engineering discipline. A Structure Engineer creates structural models with the help of computer-aided design software.

Highway Engineer

Highway Engineer Job Description: A Highway Engineer is a civil engineer who specialises in planning and building thousands of miles of roads that support connectivity and allow transportation across the country. He or she ensures that traffic management schemes are effectively planned concerning economic sustainability and successful implementation.

Field Surveyor

Are you searching for a Field Surveyor Job Description? A Field Surveyor is a professional responsible for conducting field surveys for various places or geographical conditions. He or she collects the required data and information as per the instructions given by senior officials.

Orthotist and Prosthetist

Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

Pathologist

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

Veterinary Doctor

Speech therapist, gynaecologist.

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth.

Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

Are you searching for an ‘Anatomist job description’? An Anatomist is a research professional who applies the laws of biological science to determine the ability of bodies of various living organisms including animals and humans to regenerate the damaged or destroyed organs. If you want to know what does an anatomist do, then read the entire article, where we will answer all your questions.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs.

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Photographer

Photography is considered both a science and an art, an artistic means of expression in which the camera replaces the pen. In a career as a photographer, an individual is hired to capture the moments of public and private events, such as press conferences or weddings, or may also work inside a studio, where people go to get their picture clicked. Photography is divided into many streams each generating numerous career opportunities in photography. With the boom in advertising, media, and the fashion industry, photography has emerged as a lucrative and thrilling career option for many Indian youths.

An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story.

They are responsible for overseeing the finance involved in the project and distributing the film for broadcasting on various platforms. A career as a producer is quite fulfilling as well as exhaustive in terms of playing different roles in order for a production to be successful. Famous movie producers are responsible for hiring creative and technical personnel on contract basis.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook.

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion.

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article.

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Individuals who opt for a career as a reporter may often be at work on national holidays and festivities. He or she pitches various story ideas and covers news stories in risky situations. Students can pursue a BMC (Bachelor of Mass Communication) , B.M.M. (Bachelor of Mass Media) , or MAJMC (MA in Journalism and Mass Communication) to become a reporter. While we sit at home reporters travel to locations to collect information that carries a news value.

Corporate Executive

Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.

Multimedia Specialist

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications.

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product.

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans.

Process Development Engineer

The Process Development Engineers design, implement, manufacture, mine, and other production systems using technical knowledge and expertise in the industry. They use computer modeling software to test technologies and machinery. An individual who is opting career as Process Development Engineer is responsible for developing cost-effective and efficient processes. They also monitor the production process and ensure it functions smoothly and efficiently.

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party.

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems.

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

Information Security Manager

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack

ITSM Manager

Automation test engineer.

An Automation Test Engineer job involves executing automated test scripts. He or she identifies the project’s problems and troubleshoots them. The role involves documenting the defect using management tools. He or she works with the application team in order to resolve any issues arising during the testing process.

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Essay on Earthquake For Students and Children in 1000 Words

In this article you will read an essay on earthquake for students and children. It includes meaning, types, causes, effects, and management of earthquakes.

Lets start this essay on earthquake for students.

Table of Contents

Essay on Earthquake (1000 Words)

The planet Earth has gone through a number of changes throughout the course of its time. Most of these changes are a result of natural disasters that usually occur. Pollution , ozone layer depletion , and global warming have become major threats today.

However, some natural calamities have been a threat to the planet for a really long time. Natural disasters occur in a number of forms, like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis , droughts, storms, cyclones , etc.

One of these natural disasters that can do a lot of damage to the ecosystem is an earthquake.

What is an Earthquake?

The shaking of the surface of the Earth is known as an earthquake. It occurs as a sudden trembling of the surface and is a natural event. It is basically caused due to the release of energy from the interior portion of the Earth .

Undoubtedly, earthquakes do not occur frequently, but they are terrible natural disasters and can cause huge damage to life and property. One can come across many kinds of earthquakes; some of them are weak and go unnoticed, while others are strong and severe.

The most dangerous thing about an earthquake is that it is usually unpredictable and comes without any indication. Earthquakes usually occur due to the movement of the tectonic plates, and their intensity is measured on the Richter scale.

Types of Earthquake

There are mainly four different types of earthquakes, namely, tectonic, volcanic, collapse, and explosive.

Tectonic Earthquake

The crust of the Earth is made up of slabs of rocks of uneven shapes and sizes; these are known as tectonic plates. Energy is stored in these tectonic plates, making them push or pull towards each other.

This pressure builds up between the adjacent plates, thereby producing a fault line. This acts as an epicentre or focus, from which energy is sent in the form of waves towards the surface. This causes an earthquake on the surface.

Collapse Earthquake

This is a type of earthquake that has a weak natural magnitude. These types of earthquakes usually occur in the caverns and the mines. Any underground blast in the mines causes seismic waves that can cause a small earthquake.

Volcanic Earthquake

As per the name, the volcanic earthquake is caused by volcanic activity. Just like the collapse earthquake, these are also of weaker magnitude. A light magnitude earthquake due to the explosion of magma from the volcanoes.

Causes of Earthquake

Earthquakes are usually caused by the movement of the tectonic plates under the surface of the Earth. The breaking of a tectonic plate or sliding of the adjacent tectonic plates releases energy that produces seismic waves. The tectonic plates are never static, and they always keep on moving.

Whenever two tectonic plates touch each other, it becomes a hotspot for earthquakes. These tectonic plates start sliding against each other, and they never slide smoothly. Friction occurs between the plates, and a tremendous amount of energy is released.

This energy gets converted into seismic waves. The seismic waves then travel to the surface, causing earthquakes.

Depending on the depth of the epicenter, location, and magnitude, the seismic waves have the potential to tear the surface of the Earth, thus damaging buildings and other natural ecosystems. The areas where this activity occurs are usually known as geological faults.

The portion of the intersection of two tectonic plates is known as a fault line, which may vary from a few metres to hundreds of kilometers. These are the most common points in an earthquake.

Effects of Earthquake

Earthquakes do not cause any direct harm to human civilizations most of the time. But they can do a lot of damage to different parts of the ecosystem and can also hurt property.

The displacement of the Earth’s surface or the ground is one of the most dangerous impacts of an earthquake. It can even collapse buildings, damage all forms of property, and can also lead to the loss of lives.

The damage can block roads and bridges and can cause catastrophic problems for a few months. Earthquakes can also affect electric power and gas lines and also have a chance to cause fire breakouts.

An earthquake is also responsible for an event known as liquefaction. It is a process when the sand and soil beneath any infrastructure become very soft and mix with the groundwater.

This loosens the underground area and can cause the overall structure to topple over several feet beneath the ground. It can even lead to a fall off of the structure.

A typical earthquake can cause significant damage or ruptures to dams, embankments, and riverbanks.This leads to the release of water into the nearby area. This water would then flood the area, damaging agricultural land and other properties as well.

When an earthquake occurs beneath the ocean, it can possibly cause a tsunami. The waves of the tsunami bring a lot of water and are strong enough to destroy anything in their path.

Disaster Management in Earthquake

While earthquakes are an inevitable phenomenon, they cannot be avoided. However, precautions and necessary steps can be taken.

People just stay indoors until the shaking stops. Moreover, if you have an open space, one should be there as such places have a reduced risk.
For a light magnitude earthquake, one must stay away from furniture, shelves, heavy appliances, objects, and other items as well.
Take shelter under a firm object like a table or bed, and hold on to something strong and fixed.
Check for proper electricity and gas connections. You must ensure that there are no leaks in the system. The main power switch and the main gas valves should be checked properly.
To be well prepared for the issues, the residents of the regularly affected areas should have first aid kits on hand to treat minor injuries. Medical staff should always be prepared for such events.

An earthquake is a devastating natural phenomenon that can cause terrible damage. It cannot be avoided by any means, but measures can be taken to prepare for it.

The good thing about earthquakes is that they only last a few seconds. I hope you liked this essay on earthquake.

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Essay on Earthquake

Students are often asked to write an essay on Earthquake in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Earthquake

What is an earthquake.

An earthquake is a sudden shaking of the Earth’s surface. It happens when the Earth’s tectonic plates move and clash with each other. This movement releases energy, causing the ground to shake.

Causes of Earthquakes

Earthquakes mainly occur due to the movement of tectonic plates. Sometimes, they can also be caused by volcanic eruptions or landslides.

Effects of Earthquakes

Earthquakes can cause buildings to collapse, landslides, and tsunamis. They can lead to loss of life and property.

Preventing Earthquake Damage

We can’t prevent earthquakes, but we can reduce their impact by building earthquake-resistant structures and planning for emergencies.

Also check:

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Speech on Earthquake

250 Words Essay on Earthquake

Introduction.

Earthquakes, a natural phenomenon, are the shaking, rolling, or sudden shock of the earth’s surface. They are among the most powerful and terrifying events on earth.

Earthquakes are primarily caused by the movement of tectonic plates beneath the Earth’s surface. When these plates move past each other, they sometimes get stuck at their edges due to friction. When the stress on the edge overcomes the friction, there is an earthquake that releases energy in waves that travel through the earth’s crust and cause the shaking that we feel.

Impacts of Earthquakes

The impact of earthquakes can be devastating, leading to loss of life and massive damage to infrastructure. They can trigger landslides and tsunamis, further escalating the destruction. The 2011 earthquake off the Pacific coast of Tohoku, Japan, which triggered a destructive tsunami, is a stark reminder of their potential devastation.

Earthquake Preparedness

Knowledge and preparedness are key to minimizing the effects of earthquakes. Seismology, the study of earthquakes, has enabled us to understand their behavior and, to a certain extent, predict their occurrence. Building codes and emergency response strategies can also be developed to mitigate their impacts.

While we cannot prevent earthquakes, understanding their causes and effects can help us to prepare and mitigate their impacts. As we advance in technology and knowledge, we hope to improve our ability to predict and respond to these powerful natural phenomena.

500 Words Essay on Earthquake

Earthquakes, a natural phenomenon, are the sudden shaking or trembling of the Earth’s surface. They are caused by the movement of tectonic plates beneath the Earth’s crust. These movements release energy stored in the rocks causing the ground to shake, often resulting in significant damage and loss of life.

The Science Behind Earthquakes

The Earth’s lithosphere is divided into several large and small tectonic plates. These plates are continually moving, albeit very slowly, due to the convection currents in the underlying asthenosphere. When these plates interact at their boundaries, they may either move apart (divergent boundary), move towards each other (convergent boundary), or slide past each other (transform boundary). The majority of earthquakes occur along these plate boundaries.

The energy that causes an earthquake is stored in rocks as elastic strain energy. When the stress on the rock exceeds its strength, it breaks, releasing this stored energy as seismic waves. These waves travel through the Earth, causing the ground to shake.

Measuring Earthquakes

Earthquakes are measured using a seismometer, which records the seismic waves as a series of wiggly lines called a seismogram. The magnitude of an earthquake is quantified using the Richter scale, a logarithmic scale that measures the amplitude of seismic waves. The intensity of an earthquake, however, is measured by the Modified Mercalli scale, which takes into account the observed effects and damage caused by the earthquake.

The immediate effect of an earthquake is ground shaking, which can cause buildings to collapse, landslides, and even tsunamis if the earthquake occurs under the ocean. These can result in significant loss of life and property.

In the long term, earthquakes can change the Earth’s surface, causing changes in the landscape, altering river courses, and creating new landforms. They can also have significant socio-economic impacts, disrupting communities, economies, and infrastructure.

Earthquake Preparedness and Mitigation

As earthquakes can strike without warning, preparedness is crucial. This includes having an emergency plan, securing heavy items in buildings, and knowing how to ‘Drop, Cover, and Hold On’ during an earthquake.

Mitigation measures include land-use planning, adopting earthquake-resistant construction practices, and improving early warning systems. Moreover, understanding the science of earthquakes is key to predicting them, which can help in minimizing their impacts.

Earthquakes are a powerful reminder of the dynamic nature of our planet. Despite their destructive potential, they play a crucial role in shaping the Earth’s landscape. Understanding the science behind earthquakes and implementing effective preparedness and mitigation strategies can significantly reduce their devastating impacts. As we advance in technology and knowledge, we continue to find ways to coexist with this inevitable natural phenomenon.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

Essay on Earth
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Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

Happy studying!

Essay on Earthquake

An earthquake is a natural phenomenon that manifests the dynamic nature of our planet. It is a seismic event characterized by the shaking of the ground caused by the sudden release of energy in the Earth’s lithosphere. This energy creates seismic waves that propagate through the Earth’s surface, leading to the ground shaking that we perceive as an earthquake. This essay delves into the causes of earthquakes, their effects, and the measures that can be taken to mitigate their impact, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview suitable for students participating in an essay writing competition.

The Causes of Earthquakes

The primary cause of earthquakes is the tectonic movements in the Earth’s crust. The Earth’s lithosphere is divided into several tectonic plates that float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere beneath. These plates are constantly moving, albeit very slowly, due to the convective currents in the mantle. Earthquakes occur when the stress accumulated along the edges of these tectonic plates is released suddenly. This stress can build up due to several factors:

Plate Tectonics: Most earthquakes are triggered by the movement of tectonic plates, either by sliding past one another, colliding, or moving apart.
Volcanic Activity: Volcanic earthquakes are a result of the movement of magma within the Earth, leading to tremors.
Human Activities: Human activities such as mining, reservoir-induced seismicity due to the filling of large reservoirs behind dams, and even the extraction or injection of fluids into the Earth can trigger earthquakes.

Measuring Earthquakes

Earthquakes are measured using two main scales: the Richter Scale and the Mercalli Intensity Scale. The Richter Scale quantifies the energy released by an earthquake, using a logarithmic scale where each whole number increase corresponds to a tenfold increase in measured amplitude and roughly 31.6 times more energy release. The Mercalli Intensity Scale, on the other hand, measures the effects of an earthquake at different locations, taking into account the human experiences and structural damages.

Effects of Earthquakes

The impact of an earthquake can range from negligible to catastrophic, depending on its magnitude, depth, and the area’s vulnerability. Some of the significant effects include:

Ground Shaking: The most immediate and noticeable effect of an earthquake is the shaking of the ground. This shaking can range from mild to violent, causing buildings, bridges, and infrastructure to sway or vibrate. Severe ground shaking can lead to structural damage and collapse.
Surface Rupture: In some earthquakes, the Earth’s surface can rupture along the fault line where the earthquake occurred. This can result in visible cracks and displacements of the ground, damaging roads, pipelines, and buildings.
Building and Infrastructure Damage: Earthquakes can cause extensive damage to buildings, homes, and infrastructure, particularly in areas with poor construction standards or older structures that are not earthquake-resistant. Collapsed buildings can lead to casualties and destruction.
Landslides: The shaking of the ground during an earthquake can trigger landslides on steep slopes, burying homes, roads, and people under debris. Landslides can be especially dangerous in hilly or mountainous regions.
Tsunamis: Underwater earthquakes, particularly those occurring along tectonic plate boundaries, can generate tsunamis. These large ocean waves can inundate coastal areas, causing widespread destruction and loss of life.
Aftershocks: Following the main earthquake, there are often aftershocks, which are smaller seismic events that continue to shake the affected region. Aftershocks can hamper rescue and recovery efforts and further damage weakened structures.
Fires: Earthquakes can rupture gas lines and damage electrical systems, leading to fires. The destruction of fire-fighting infrastructure and limited access to water can make it challenging to control these fires.
Soil Liquefaction: In certain soil types, the intense shaking from an earthquake can cause the ground to temporarily lose its strength and behave like a liquid. This phenomenon, known as soil liquefaction, can result in the sinking or tilting of structures.
Infrastructure Disruption: Earthquakes can disrupt essential infrastructure, such as transportation networks, water supply systems, and communication lines. This can hinder emergency response efforts and recovery operations.
Psychological Impact: Earthquakes can have a profound psychological impact on individuals and communities. The fear and trauma associated with the event, as well as the loss of homes and loved ones, can lead to long-term emotional and mental health challenges.
Economic Consequences: The economic impact of earthquakes can be significant, affecting local industries, businesses, and employment. Rebuilding and recovery efforts often require substantial financial resources.
Environmental Effects: Earthquakes can have environmental consequences, such as the release of toxins from damaged industrial facilities, contamination of water sources, and disruptions to ecosystems.
Human Casualties: Earthquakes can result in injuries and loss of life, depending on factors like the population density of the affected area, the quality of building construction, and the preparedness of the community.
Displacement of Communities: In the aftermath of a severe earthquake, many people may be displaced from their homes, leading to temporary shelters and overcrowded living conditions.
Long-Term Recovery: Recovery and reconstruction efforts following a significant earthquake can take years or even decades. Communities must rebuild infrastructure, homes, and businesses while addressing the physical and emotional scars left by the event.

Mitigation and Preparedness

While earthquakes cannot be prevented, the risk they pose can be significantly reduced through effective mitigation and preparedness measures:

Building Codes: Implementing and enforcing strict building codes that require structures to withstand seismic forces can greatly reduce the damage and casualties during an earthquake.
Early Warning Systems: Advances in seismology have led to the development of early warning systems that can provide precious seconds or even minutes of warning before the seismic waves reach populated areas.
Public Education and Preparedness: Educating the public about what to do before, during, and after an earthquake can save lives and reduce injuries. This includes conducting regular earthquake drills, preparing emergency kits, and developing evacuation plans.
Research and Monitoring: Continuous research and monitoring of seismic activity can help in understanding earthquake mechanisms and potentially in predicting significant seismic events in the future.

In conclusion, Earthquakes are a powerful reminder of the dynamic nature of our planet. They bring to light the forces that continuously shape the Earth’s surface, often with profound impacts on human societies. Understanding the causes and effects of earthquakes is crucial for developing effective strategies to mitigate their impact. Through advancements in science and technology, along with effective public policy and community preparedness, we can reduce the risk posed by earthquakes and enhance our resilience to these inevitable natural events. As we continue to learn from each seismic event, it becomes increasingly possible to safeguard our communities, minimize loss, and navigate the challenges posed by these tremors of our planet

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Essay on Earthquake: Effects, Preparedness and Measures

Hints: Introduction, Bangladesh perspective, Present state of preparedness of Bangladesh to face Earthquake, Measures to be taken to meet the havoc, Conclusion.

Introduction:

The Earthquake results from a sudden release of energy through the earth’s crust that creates seismic waves. In its most generic sense, the word ‘earthquake’ is used to describe any seismic event, whether a natural phenomenon or an event is caused by humans that generate seismic waves. Causes of earthquakes are mostly ruptured geological faults, volcanic activity, landslides, mine blasts, and nuclear experiments. An earthquake’s point of initial rupture is called its focus or hypocenter. Earthquakes originate due to various reasons, which fall into two major categories, nontectonic and tectonic. The origin of tectonic earthquakes is explained with the help of the “elastic rebound theory.” However, it has been observed that most destructive earthquakes originate within two well-defined zones or belts, namely “The Circum Pacific Belt” and “the Mediterranean Himalayan Seismic Belt”. Unlike most natural disasters, Earthquakes can affect millions of square kilometers within a short time, which is less than a minute in most cases. And there is no accurate early warning system of it invented so far.

Bangladesh perspective

Historical earthquake records suggest that Bangladesh has experienced at least four major earthquakes between 7 and 8. These earthquakes are namely great Assam earthquake of 1897, the Sri Mongol earthquake of 1918, and the Dhubri earthquake of 1930. These earthquakes caused extensive damage to property and life and changed geographic expressions such as ground tilt, ground subsidence, river course change, etc. In most parts of the Bengal delta, there are many indications of earthquakes. But despite all the signs of a possible large earthquake, Bangladesh’s preparation to face an Earthquake event is poor. Most infrastructures and communication of Bangladesh are likely to collapse in the event of a significant Earthquake. That Bangladesh lies in the active earthquake zone is not unknown to Bangladesh. Alarmed by the recurrence of quakes during recent years, experts have called for developing an earthquake-resistant building code that all buildings should follow as mandatory.

As many buildings are likely to collapse, the death toll is expected to be numerous. Besides, many will be injured due to building collapse. The casualty toll of Bangladesh will be much higher as it is too densely populated country. The mega-cities like Dhaka, Chittagong seem to appear as the city of death in case of Large Earthquakes. In Bangladesh, the major cities are expanding vertically because of the lack of land to accommodate their people. In the present day, most of the buildings are being constructed without following the building code. In case of an event of an earthquake of magnitude 7.0 and above in the Richter scale, the effect can be branded as “Beyond imagination.” Bridges are likely to fall down; the railway line is expected to bend in case of an earthquake having a magnitude of 8.0 and over. There might be cracks in the road. Moreover, debris of the destroyed buildings and establishments may block the roads, railway lines, and other communication tracks; electric power may be hindered. Moreover, debris from destroyed buildings and establishments may also tear off the electric wires which are still connected above the ground. This will disrupt the power sector, which will ultimately result in enormous suffering, especially for the medical industry. Again, water pipelines beneath the ground are likely to burst in the case of an earthquake with 8.0 magnitude and above.

Like many other developing countries, in Bangladesh, where the doctors’ ratio is insufficient considering the population, Earthquake will cause more hazards in the medical sector. Especially in the major cities, the number of injured people is likely to be too high because of the destruction of many buildings that were constructed, violating the building code. Our insufficient medical facilities will not be able to manage all the patients.

Bangladesh, one of the overpopulated countries in the world, often experiences food crises. This mainly happens because of any disastrous situation; few businessmen raise the price of food to make more profit so that the poor population sometimes can not afford it. This situation, in turn, may result in worsening the law and order situation. In our country, maximum people are dependent on gas for cooking. Moreover, many industries are run with the help of gas as the source of power generation. In major cities, gas is supplied through the pipeline, and people use gas in cylinders in other cities. In case of a significant earthquake, the gas pipelines may burst and result in breaking out of fire. Earthquake is always followed by a risk of tsunami which in Indonesia, the Maldives and Sri Lanka in the year 2004 was the result of an under-sea earthquake where thousands of people died. Bangladesh is likely to face a tremendous crisis in the economic sector because of total infrastructural damage, increase in unemployment after being shaken by a large earthquake.

The present state of preparedness of Bangladesh to face Earthquake:

We must have to admit that our preparation for managing the disaster is not at all satisfactory. The practice of various organizations in Bangladesh is discussed below.

Preparation of Ministry of Food and Disaster Management is still in the bottom line. Still, it has not chalked out a detailed plan. However, recently this department has geared up its actions in this regard.
Preparation of Housing and Public Works is not satisfactory too. It is expected to ensure that the buildings are being constructed with the line of building code. But unfortunately, they are working very slowly.
Ministry of Health should remain prepared with enhanced medical facilities. But we still observe deficiency in this sector.
Fire service and Civil Defense can be somehow prepared through job training on the rescue operation. But they lack specialized and sophisticated instruments.
So far, the Ministry of Information has rarely been found to formulate an effective policy for media to grow awareness amongst people. This department can be said to be least prepared despite its capabilities.

Presently for an incident of Earthquake, govt. We will have to rely on the equipment of Roads and Highways, Fire service and Civil Defense, and the Bangladesh Army. But these equipment are not designed primarily for carrying out rescue operations in an Earthquake; neither are these adequate in number. Govt. should think in detail and new equipment should be purchased without much delay.

Measures to be taken to face the havoc

The buildings which were constructed violating the building code should be demolished wholly but slowly. This will increase the accommodation crisis definitely, but this will save lives in time.
For an event of Earthquake, a massive number of volunteers will be required for rescue operations and medical treatment; They should be organized at the Upazilla level and trained so that they can come in use when necessary.
The medical facilities of Bangladesh should be enriched immediately to face the disaster of the Earthquake and render the required service in the standard period.
Earthquakes can not be suppressed, but their effect can be reduced by developing awareness amongst the people.
Bangladesh should establish an earthquake monitoring and early warning center.
We do not have adequate and modern equipment to rescue the injured personnel from the debris. Endeavors should be taken to purchase unique and sophisticated equipment for rescue operations.
Ministry of Food and Disaster Management should enrich the Food Bank to sustain up to the period until international relief arrives.
A tsunami shelter should be constructed regularly so that the people living in the coastal areas can take refuge there just after an earthquake.

Conclusion:

Two schools of experts regarding Earthquake opine that there is almost cent percent possibility of occurring Earthquake in Bangladesh and some surrounding countries. One school of experts opine that the recent recurrent tremors in the country are a significant Earthquake threat. But the other one opines that through the small tremors, the possibility of the major quake is gradually dwindling because the Tectonic plates, due to such occurrence, are getting their balance back. However, whatever be the magnitude of the probable earthquakes, some vulnerable zones of Bangladesh, such as some areas of Dhaka city like Magda, Basabo, Jatrabari, Moghbazar, Goran, and the like, may be gruesomely endangered, and that is why about aftermaths of the quakes, govt. Related authorities alongside non-govt. Leaders must be alert to avoid loss as much as possible.

Physics > Geophysics

Title: around-the-world seismic echo as a trigger for aftershocks and the main shock of an earthquake.

Abstract: The essence of the cumulative effect of a round-the-world seismic echo is that the echo can serve as a trigger for a second tremors in the epicentral zone of the earthquake that gave rise to the echo. According to the classification of triggers, the round-the-world echo is an endogenous force mechanical additive trigger. The round-the-world echo excited by the main shock as a trigger for aftershocks has been studied in detail previously. In this work, the question of whether a foreshock can excite a round-the-world echo, which will turn out to be a trigger for the main shock, is posed and experimentally studied. In the course of the study, the classification of the so-called triads of earthquakes was considered. When studying one of the six types of triads, indirect signs were found that the answer to the question posed may be positive Key words: earthquake source, main rupture, foreshock, triad of earthquakes, cumulative effect, free vibrations of the Earth.

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Carers and disability benefits

Disability Benefits system to be overhauled as consultation launched on Personal Independence Payment

Government to reform disability benefits system to ensure they’re targeted at those most in need.

Consultation to be published today on proposals to move away from fixed cash benefit system towards tailored support
Comes as over 2.6 million people of working age now receiving PIP with monthly new claims almost doubling since 2019

Plans to make the disability benefits system fit for the future and overhaul the “one size fits all” approach are set to be published today (Monday 29 April), following the Prime Minister’s speech which set out the government’s wide-ranging ambitions for welfare reform.

The Modernising Support Green Paper will explore how our welfare system could be redesigned to ensure people with disabilities and long-term health conditions get the support they need to achieve the best outcomes, with an approach that focuses support on those with the greatest needs and extra costs.

The UK’s health landscape has changed since Personal Independence Payment ( PIP ) was introduced in 2013 with the intention that it would be a more sustainable benefit that would support disabled people to live independently by helping with the extra costs they face.

However, the caseload and costs are now spiralling. There are now 2.6 million people of working age claiming PIP and DLA – with 33,000 new awards for PIP each month which is more than double the rate before the pandemic. This is expected to cost the taxpayer £28 billion a year by 2028/29 – a 110% increase in spending since 2019.

This is in part fuelled by the rise in people receiving PIP for mental health conditions such as mixed anxiety and depressive disorders, with monthly awards doubling from 2,200 to 5,300 a month since 2019.

Since 2015, the proportion of the caseload receiving the highest rate of PIPhas increased from 25% to 36%. And many more people being awarded PIPnow have mental health conditions than when it was first introduced.

In line with the wider reforms to ensure the welfare system is fair and compassionate, the Modernising Support Green Paper proposals centre on targeting and improving the support for those who need it most.

These ideas include removing the PIP assessment altogether for people with certain long term health conditions or disabilities, including those with terminal illnesses to reduce bureaucracy and make life easier for those most in need of support.

By more accurately targeting support, we will ensure the large scale of government expenditure on PIP translates into better outcomes for disabled people and those with health conditions.

Prime Minister Rishi Sunak said:

It’s clear that our disability benefits system isn’t working in the way it was intended, and we’re determined to reform it to ensure it’s sustainable for the future, so we can continue delivering support to those who genuinely need it most.

Today’s Green Paper marks the next chapter of our welfare reforms and is part of our plan to make the benefits system fairer to the taxpayer, better targeted to individual needs and harder to exploit by those who are trying to game the system.

We’re inviting views from across society to ensure everyone has a chance to make their voices heard and shape our welfare reforms.

Work and Pensions Secretary Mel Stride said:

We’re making the biggest welfare reforms in a generation – protecting those most in need while supporting thousands into work as we modernise our benefit system to reflect the changing health landscape.

A decade on from the introduction of PIP , this Green Paper opens the next chapter of reform, enhancing the support for people with health conditions and disabilities while ensuring the system is fair to the taxpayer.

The Green Paper sets out proposals across three key priorities to fundamentally reform the system:

Making changes to the eligibility criteria for PIP , so it is fairer and better targeted

Through previous consultations, we have been told that the criteria currently used in assessments do not always fully reflect how a disability or health condition impacts on a person’s daily life. The criteria have changed over time and no longer capture these different impacts as originally intended.

We will consider whether the current thresholds for entitlement correctly reflect the need for ongoing financial support. This includes considering if current descriptors - such as the need for aids and appliances - are good indicators of extra costs.

We will also look at changing the qualifying period for PIP in order to ensure the impact that people’s conditions will have on them over time is fully understood and consider whether we should change the test used to determine if a condition is likely to continue long-term.

Reforming the PIP assessment so that it is more closely linked to a person’s condition and exploring removing assessment entirely for those most in need.

PIP is over a decade old and a lot has changed since the assessment was developed. We know some people continue to find PIP assessments difficult and repetitive, and view the assessment as too subjective.

We will consider whether some people could receive PIP without needing an assessment by basing entitlement on specific health conditions or disabilities supported by medical evidence.

This includes looking at whether evidence of a formal diagnosis by a medical expert should be a requirement to be assessed as eligible for PIP . This will make it easier and quicker for people with severe or terminal conditions to get the vital support they need.

We will explore alternative approaches to ensure people are given the right help to fulfil their potential and live independently. The UK has used a fixed cash transfer system since the 1970s but there are a number of international systems that look at the specific extra costs people have and provide more tailored support instead.

For example, in New Zealand, the amount of Disability Allowance is based on a person’s extra costs which are verified by a health practitioner. Norway’s Basic Benefit requires people to provide a letter from a GP outlining the nature of their condition and the associated extra costs.

We are considering options including one-off grants to better help people with significant costs such as home adaptations or expensive equipment, as well as giving vouchers to contribute towards specific costs, or reimbursing claimants who provide receipts for purchases of aids, appliances or services.

This reflects the fact that some claimants will have significant extra costs related to their disability, and others will have minimal or specific costs.

While these alternative models help people with the extra costs of their disability or health condition, we know other forms of support including health care, social services care provision and respite are also important to help people to realise their full potential and live independently.

We are also considering whether some people receiving PIP who have lower, or no extra costs, may have better outcomes from improved access to treatment and support than from a cash payment.

Andy Cook, Chief Executive of the Centre for Social Justice, said:

Our landmark Two Nations report laid bare the lasting impact of the pandemic on our nation’s most vulnerable communities.

With the welfare system now grappling with the combined challenges of economic inactivity, school absence and mental health, this consultation provides a meaningful opportunity to shape the future of Britain’s welfare state.

We owe it to those most struggling to make sure the benefit system provides the best support to those who need it. And with costs skyrocketing, it is time to bring the welfare system into the post-lockdown age.

The Green Paper is the latest of the government’s welfare reforms to ensure disabled people and people with long-term health conditions can live full and independent lives. It builds on last year’s Health and Disability White Paper and the £2.5 billion Back to Work Plan which will break down barriers to work for over one million people.

The Government is also delivering the largest expansion in mental health services in a generation, with almost £5 billion of extra funding over the past five years, and a near doubling of mental health training places.

Our reforms to the Work Capability Assessment are expected to reduce the number of people put onto the highest tier of incapacity benefits by 424,000, people who will now receive personalised support to prepare for work, while our Chance to Work Guarantee will mean people can try work without fear of losing their benefits.

Further Information

The consultation can be found here: Modernising support for independent living: the health and disability green paper - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)
This consultation will be open for 12 weeks and we are inviting views from across society to ensure everyone has a chance to shape the modernisation of the welfare system. The findings of the consultation, which closes on Tuesday 23 July, will inform future reforms.
The UK Government is committed to improving the lives of disabled people and people with long-term health conditions in all parts of the UK.
In Wales, Personal Independence Payment ( PIP ) is the responsibility of the UK Government.
In Northern Ireland, PIP is transferred and is the responsibility of the Department for Communities.
In Scotland, Adult Disability Payment ( ADP ) has replaced PIP and is the responsibility of the Scottish Government. The transfer of existing Scottish PIP claimants from DWP to Social Security Scotland started in summer 2022 and will continue until 2025.
We will continue to work with the Devolved Administrations to consider the implications of the proposals in this Green Paper in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

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Earthquake in Haiti and Its Ramifications Essay

Short-term effects of the earthquake, long term effects of earthquakes.

An earthquake is defined as a rapture that occurs on the earth’s crust, and it’s brought about by building up of stress in the crust through plate movements on fault lines (Yeats Sieh & Allen, 1997). The fracture comes about when the strain goes beyond the strength which the brittle lithospheric rock can hold. Earthquakes have numerous effects on society at large. The effects vary from social, political, physical, and psychological problems. Earthquakes occur briefly, but the aftershock continues for months while the damages caused last for years (Kellenberg & Mobarak 2008)

The worst earthquake in over 200 years struck Port-au-Prince near the Caribbean city of Haiti on the afternoon of 12th January 2010. The earthquake damaged structures, displaced millions, and killed thousands of people. Official estimates stated that 222,500 people died, 300,000 were severely injured, more than 1.2 million people were displaced, and 97,000 houses were totally destroyed while 188,000 were damaged.

The short-term effects of the earthquake include food shortage, lack of clean water; breakdown of communication, lack of sufficient medical care, closure of ports and main roads, increased mortally, injuries, fires, the spread of communicable diseases, destruction of buildings, and shortage of petroleum goods (Skidmore & Toya, 2007).

Displacements

After the disaster, due to the destruction of homes, victims are forced to live in rescue camps. Overcrowding in these camps brings about the spread of communicable diseases, especially water-borne diseases which are communicable.

Poor medical care

Destruction of health facilities, including hospitals, dispensaries, and clinics, increases health problems due to the lack of laboratories for diagnosis and drugs. It’s very costly to rebuild hospitals and thus very poor medical care.

Destruction of schools closed down all schooling activities. Putting up new schools and equipping them is a long-term activity.

Social effects of earthquakes

There are many social problems brought about by people losing their relatives hence more widows, widowers, and orphans. The people affected by the disaster due to posttraumatic stress behave in strange ways; hence this affects the way they socialize. They become emotional, easily angered, and become antisocial.

Psychological effects of earthquakes

Earthquakes, unlike other natural disasters like floods and hurricanes, cause serious psychological stress since they occur with no warning ((Slemmons and dePolo 1986). This sudden occurrence gives no time for the victims to make psychological adjustments to enable them to cope up with the loss.

Disasters have a very bad effect on the increasing prevalence of psychological sicknesses (Bolt, 1992).

Depending on one’s age, the children are at the risk of experiencing extreme psychiatric reactions. The symptoms differ from the ages of the victims and may include:

Preschoolers: The children express some signs of psychological distress through; sucking of thumbs, clinging to their parents, wetting their beds, loss of their appetite, fear of being in dark places, regressive behavior, and withdrawals from friends (Bolt 1992).
Elementary school: They tend to be irritable, show a lot of aggressiveness, constant nightmares, absence from school, lack of concentration, clinginess, and withdrawal from their duties and friends.
Adolescents: Adolescents might show signs of agitation, lack of concentration, physical complaints, sleepless nights, poor eating habits, and being antisocial (Slemmons and dePolo 1986).

Political effects of earthquakes

The president and government officials were operating from police stations and tents. This disaster has affected the plans for the elections, which were to be conducted later this year.

The process of aid provision to areas affected by earthquakes is linked with politics. The government official needs to engage themselves in post-disaster activities in order to facilitate healing of their community members by coming up with motions to be discussed on parliament on disaster management and rural development.

The government officials should be in a position to site and make major amendments in town planning legislation and on the regulations on land zoning and the bye-laws for safe construction of masonry buildings to come up with better structures that can resist earthquakes hence increase structural safety.

The government should be in a position to come up with a state-level sensitization program on earthquake risk management.

They should also come up with a way of introducing inter-state sharing of resources for disaster management.

They should develop a school curriculum that must be learned by all elementary school levels on disaster preparedness and management as a school awareness and safety program.

They should also come up with guidelines for availing assistance to state-level training institutes to come up with faculties that train disaster management as a profession.

They should also come up with a national emergency plan to communicate through the media on disaster preparedness and response. And also communicate on designated state rescue centers.

Economic effects of earthquakes

Debt from other countries: This comes from borrowing money for rebuilding the damaged structures and improving technologies to come up with more earthquake-proof buildings (Slemmons & DePolo 1986).

Haiti’s economy before the disaster had been positively growing since the year 2005 through partnering, allowing free duty exports to the united states. Haiti having access to the United States market has created a good opportunity for stable growth in the economy. The earthquake dealt a devastating blow to an economy that was growing; the majority of the country’s population and structures were concentrated in the major towns, a factor that amplified the effects of the earthquake. According to Kellenberg & Mobarak (2008), natural disasters are strongly felt by the developing nations due to the concentration of people and economic places in a central place and due to poor response mechanisms.

The earthquake, on the other hand, is a serious setback to Haiti’s stable economic growth. It affected the tourism sector due to the destruction of tourist attraction sites and the destruction of major hotels.

Haiti being the 17 th largest supplier of United States apparel goods as stated by the footwear association, this disaster caused an immediate impact on the countries economy.

Haiti is the largest trade partner with the USA exporting more than 75% of apparel and textiles, as was stated by Richard Hastings, working as a consumer strategist in Hunter securities an investment bank.

Effects of the Earthquake on the society

Experiencing an earthquake is a stressful experience with typical effects like fear, sadness, grief, helplessness, anger, and anxiety. The levels of the feelings vary from the degree of connection to the victims affected. Governments should put into consideration policies to ensure disaster mitigation measures are put in place to avoid the degree of impact in case of earthquakes.

Bolt, B. A. (1992). Earthquakes . New York, NY: W.H. Freeman & Company.

Kellenberg, D. K., & Mobarak, A. M. (2008). Does Rising Income Increase or Decrease Damage Risk from Natural Disasters? Journal of Urban Economics 63(3): 788–802.

Skidmore, M. & Toya, H. (2007). Economic Development and the Impacts of Natural Disasters. Economic Letters , 94; 20-25.

Slemmons, D.B. & DePolo, C.M. (1986). Evaluation of active faulting and associated hazards, in Studies in geophysics-active tectonics: Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Yeats, R. S., Sieh, K. E., & Allen, C. A. (1997). Geology of earthquakes. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

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IvyPanda. (2024, March 17). Earthquake in Haiti and Its Ramifications. https://ivypanda.com/essays/earthquake-in-haiti-and-its-ramifications/

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IvyPanda . 2024. "Earthquake in Haiti and Its Ramifications." March 17, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/earthquake-in-haiti-and-its-ramifications/.

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Big Island Video News

Serving Hawaii County

Image from USGS webcam showing Halemaʻumaʻu at the summit of Kīlauea.

by Big Island Video News on Apr 30, 2024 at 7:11 am

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STORY SUMMARY

HAWAIʻI VOLCANOES NATIONAL PARK - The significant spike in earthquakes has required park officials to close some areas "that could put visitors and staff at risk if the volcano erupts."

(BIVN) – Kīlauea volcano is not erupting. The significant increase in seismicity that began this weekend beneath the upper East Rift Zone and caldera south of Halemaʻumaʻu has continued into early Tuesday.

Earthquakes continue beneath the upper East Rift Zone (between Puhimau Crater and Hilina Pali road) and beneath Kīlauea caldera south of Halemaʻumaʻu. The USGS Volcano Alert Level for Kīlauea has been maintained at ADVISORY.

“At this time, it is not possible to say with certainty if this increase in activity will lead to an eruption in the near future – or simply remain confined below ground,” the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory wrote on Monday. “However, the gradual strengthening of seismic swarms suggests that an eruption in Kīlauea’s summit region or beneath the upper East Rift Zone, within Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park, is one potential outcome.”

Temporary closures due to the activity remain in effect within Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, which include:

Chain of Craters Road from the intersection at Crater Rim Drive will close at 5 p.m. Monday, April 29.
Hilina Pali Road is closed to all use. Kulanaokuaiki Campground is closed.
Overnight camping is suspended for all coastal sites, Nāpau and Pepeiao Cabin.
Kaʻū Desert Trail is closed from the Footprints Exhibit.
Maunaiki Trail is closed.

The National Park Service said the increased seismicity has not impacted traffic safety or infrastructure projects at the summit.

Scientists say the seismic activity on the East Rift Zone is confined to the upper East Rift Zone, with no significant earthquakes or deformation occurring past the Mauna Ulu region. Seismicity in Kīlauea’s Southwest Rift Zone remains low overall.

This page will be updated with the latest information from USGS HVO when it becomes available.

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